Article
Engineering, Environmental
Qi Long, Zhenpeng Zhang, Yuan Li, Yuxu Zhong, Hongyan Liu, Lei Chang, Ying Ying, Tao Zuo, Yong'an Wang, Ping Xu
Summary: This study used mice to examine the effects of different doses of soman over time, and phosphoproteomic analysis of the mouse brain was used for the first time to detect the underlying biological changes and persistent neurocognitive dysfunction caused by low dosage of soman.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
H. E. Burzynski, K. E. Ayala, M. A. Frick, H. A. Dufala, J. L. Woodruff, V. A. Macht, B. R. Eberl, F. Hollis, J. A. McQuail, C. A. Grillo, J. R. Fadel, L. P. Reagan
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) refers to the multiple disturbances in the central and peripheral systems of soldiers who served in the 1990-1991 Gulf War. The use of the reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), and war-related stress have been identified as key factors in GWI pathology. A study found that PB-treated rats exhibited impaired hippocampal cholinergic responses to an immobilization stress challenge three months after PB administration. In addition, these rats showed 24-hour memory deficits in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory tasks when challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the same delayed timepoint.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kathleen E. Murray, Vedad Delic, Whitney A. Ratliff, Kevin D. Beck, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Approximately 30% of Gulf War Veterans have reported experiencing symptoms such as learning difficulties, depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases. Studies have shown that exposure to toxic chemicals may lead to detrimental effects on neuronal health, potentially causing chronic neurodegeneration.
Article
Neurosciences
David De Sa Nogueira, Romain Bourdy, Dominique Filliol, Pascal Romieu, Katia Befort
Summary: This study investigated transcriptional and functional changes of the mu opioid receptor in reward-related brain regions induced by intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats. The findings revealed increased mu opioid receptor gene expression and enhanced functionality in the hippocampus of cocaine self-administering animals. The study highlights the hippocampus as an important target for further investigation of neuroadaptive processes leading to cocaine addiction.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xing-Xing Zong, Niannian Cao, Qian Jing, Xuejun Chen, Tong Shi, Ruihua Zhang, Jingjing Shi, Chen Wang, Liqin Li
Summary: The objective of this study was to determine if PMPA could pose an environmental risk after soman exposure to a water environment. The toxicity and bioaccumulation assessments of PMPA were carried out on zebrafish, showing chronic toxicity and accumulation in certain tissues. This study provides novel insights into the environmental risk assessments associated with soman exposure.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jui-Chun Chang, Yen-Ju Chen, I-Chieh Chen, Wei-Szu Lin, Yi-Ming Chen, Ching-Heng Lin
Summary: The study suggests that the use of statins during pregnancy may be safe as it is not associated with congenital anomalies, but caution is needed due to increased risk of low birth weight and preterm labor. Data also indicate that statins could be safely used during pregnancy for women with long-term prior use of statins.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Poornima D. E. Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage, Sohi Kang, Joong-Sun Kim, Jong-Choon Kim, Sung-Ho Kim, Hongbing Wang, Taekyun Shin, Changjong Moon
Summary: This study identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hippocampus of mice with EAE, a model of MS, using RNA-sequencing and RT-qPCR. The DEGs were associated with immune system processes, learning or memory, and synaptic plasticity. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed signaling pathways related to inflammatory responses and synaptic plasticity. However, further investigation is needed to determine the applicability of these findings in patients with MS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John E. Slaven, Matthew Wilkerson, Anthony R. Soltis, W. Bradley Rittase, Dmitry T. Bradfield, Michelle Bylicky, Lynnette Cary, Alena Tsioplaya, Roxane Bouten, Clifton Dalgard, Regina M. Day
Summary: Low dose-rate radiation exposure can lead to Chronic Radiation Syndrome (CRS) and various diseases, including circulatory, digestive, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases, as well as cancer. The response to low dose-rate ionizing radiation is fundamentally different compared to high-dose-rate exposure, with alterations in pathways related to cellular metabolism, extracellular matrix modification, cell adhesion/migration, and regulation of vasoconstriction and inflammation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lanier Heyburn, Andrew Batuure, Donna Wilder, Joseph Long, Venkatasivasai Sujith Sajja
Summary: The use of explosive devices and heavy weapons systems in modern conflicts has raised concerns about the effects of biological weapons (BW) on the brain and body. These exposures have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders in veterans. This study exposed rats to single or repeated blast wave (BW) exposures and found that they promoted neuroinflammatory changes in the brain similar to those seen in neurological disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Indusha Kugathas, Hanna K. L. Johansson, Edith Chan Sock Peng, Maryne Toupin, Bertrand Evrard, Thomas A. A. Darde, Julie Boberg, Monica K. K. Draskau, Antoine D. D. Rolland, Severine Mazaud-Guittot, Frederic Chalmel, Terje Svingen
Summary: Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during development may cause reproductive disorders in women. This study characterized the transcriptional landscape of rat ovaries exposed to two well-known EDCs, diethylstilbestrol (DES) and ketoconazole (KTZ), and identified new candidate biomarkers for female reproductive toxicity induced by EDC.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shizhe Yu, Haoren Wang, Lingpeng Yang, Yingxue Yan, Qiang Cai, Duo Ma, Long Jiang, Zehai Gao, Zhiyong Yu, Zongping Xia
Summary: The comprehensive study of the spatial-cellular anatomy of the human liver is crucial for understanding the cellular origins of liver disease. In this study, spatial transcriptomics were conducted on normal human liver tissue sections, providing detailed transcriptional information on liver zonation. A total of 6581 high-quality spots from normal livers were analyzed, mainly consisting of hepatocytes, which were classified into four sub-groups. These data serve as a reliable reference for studying the spatial heterogeneity of liver lobules.
Article
Neurosciences
Doodipala Samba Reddy, Marcus Zaayman, Ramkumar Kuruba, Xin Wu
Summary: Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency characterized by continuous seizure activity that leads to severe neuronal damage, morbidity, or death. The induction of SE can be caused by various triggers, such as chemoconvulsants like pilocarpine and organophosphates like DFP and soman. These agents share a common feature of cholinergic crisis leading to refractory SE, but their comparative profiles are still unclear. Results from this study revealed distinct convulsant and neuronal injury patterns following exposure to cholinergic agonists, OP pesticides, and nerve agents, highlighting the importance of understanding different SE models for the development of new anticonvulsant therapies.
Article
Neurosciences
Mychael V. Lourenco, Guilherme B. de Freitas, Icaro Raony, Sergio T. Ferreira, Fernanda G. De Felice
Summary: Irisin promotes the accumulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and activates protective pathways in hippocampal neurons. Human hippocampal FNDC5 mRNA shows a trend of reduction with aging and Tau pathology.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephanie M. Zimmerman, Robin Fropf, Bridget R. Kulasekara, Maddy Griswold, Oliver Appelbe, Arya Bahrami, Rich Boykin, Derek L. Buhr, Kit Fuhrman, Margaret L. Hoang, Quoc Huynh, Lesley Isgur, Andrew Klock, Alecksandr Kutchma, Alexa E. Lasley, Yan Liang, Jill McKay-Fleisch, Jeffrey S. Nelson, Karen Nguyen, Erin Piazza, Aric Rininger, Daniel R. Zollinger, Michael Rhodes, Joseph M. Beechem
Summary: Emerging spatial profiling technology allows high-plex molecular profiling in biological tissues while preserving the spatial and morphological context of gene expression. By expanding the chemistry for the Digital Spatial Profiling platform, researchers have successfully quantified whole transcriptomes in human and mouse tissues, enabling applications in cancer research, molecular pathology, and developmental biology.
Article
Food Science & Technology
L. E. Carter, S. Bugiel, A. Nunnikhoven, A. J. Verster, G. S. Bondy, I. H. A. Curran
Summary: This study investigates the toxicity of low doses of OTA in rats exposed in utero and throughout development using transcriptomics and previous data. The findings suggest that male rats show activation of innate and adaptive immune responses to OTA exposure, while this response is not observed in female rats. Differentially expressed genes related to karyomegaly, MAPK activity, and immune activation are found in both male and female rats, indicating the developmental effects of OTA exposure. The study confirms that OTA causes renal toxicity and alters liver and reproductive pathways in rats.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)