Journal
CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
Volume 513, Issue 1-3, Pages 1-11Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.06.010
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We explore the collisional energy transfer dynamics of benzene molecules spontaneously evaporating from an in vacuo water-ethanol liquid beam. We find that rotations are cooled significantly more than the lowest-energy vibrational modes, while the rotational energy distributions are Boltzmann. Within experimental uncertainty, the rotational temperatures of vibrationally-excited evaporating molecules are the same as the ground state. Collision-induced gas phase energy transfer measurements reveal that benzene undergoes fast rotational relaxation, from which we deduce that the rotational temperature measured in the evaporation experiments (200-230 K) is an indication of the translational energy of the evaporate. Conversely, vibrational relaxation of the high frequency mode, nu(6), is very inefficient, suggesting that the nu(6) temperature (260-270 K) is an indication of the liquid surface temperature. Modelling of the relaxation dynamics by both 'temperature gap' and 'Master Equation' approaches indicates that the equivalent of 150-260 hard-sphere collisions occur during the transition from liquid to vacuum. (C) 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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