Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Luigi Vigliotti, Dario Bilardello, Aldo Winkler, Paola Del Carlo
Summary: A detailed rock magnetic study was conducted on ash samples from different explosive activities of Mount Etna. The study found that magnetic properties can be used as effective factors for discriminating among different eruptive products. The more explosive products were characterized by oxidized Ti-rich titanomagnetites, higher coercivity distributions, and higher magnetizations and susceptibilities. Additionally, the magnetic properties of tachylite-bearing tephra provided a useful tool for studying the fragmentation process and explosive character of volcanic activities.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Horst Langer, Susanna Falsaperla, Salvatore Spampinato, Alfio Messina
Summary: Pattern classification has been proven to be an effective method for flagging alerts of volcano unrest before eruptive activity at Mt. Etna, Italy since the 2010s. However, the duration of volcano unrest and the onset of eruptive activity are still uncertain. By using thresholds to detect conditions leading to paroxysmal activity, early warning can be provided for impending eruptions, which is crucial for volcanologists' assessments.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Giuseppe Nunnari
Summary: This paper discusses the classification of volcanic activity into three classes using volcanic tremor as a feature, evaluating the reliability of Machine Learning algorithms in performing such classifications. The study shows that at least Paroxysm activity can be reliably classified. The research is conducted on a dataset from Mt Etna, but the methods and strategies can be easily applied to similar volcanic areas due to the widespread availability of volcanic tremor as a geophysical signal.
EARTH SCIENCE INFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Paolo Scanferla, Claudio Finocchiaro, Ameni Gharzouni, Germana Barone, Paolo Mazzoleni, Sylvie Rossignol
Summary: This study tested the thermal performances of volcanic ash-based alkali-activated materials at 1000 degrees C using sodium or potassium solutions. After confirming the feasibility of the potassium set, a multidisciplinary characterization was conducted, including spectroscopic, thermal, mechanical, diffractometric, and dilatometric analyses. The formation kinetics of different networks were evaluated. The results demonstrated a correlation between high mechanical properties and lower water content in non-treated samples. Treated samples at 1000 degrees C exhibited higher compressive strengths due to the crystallization of wollastonite, leucite, and nepheline. Additionally, the thermal stability was observed to increase with higher solid content in potassium-based formulations.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Roberta Occhipinti, Maria Cristina Caggiani, Fabrizio Andriulo, Germana Barone, Lavinia de Ferri, Paolo Mazzoleni
Summary: Research has shown that alkali activated binders and mortars made from volcanic pyroclastic residues from Mt. Etna are barely affected by atmospheric exposure after being outdoors for six months. The composition, mechanical properties, dynamic vapour sorption, and visual aspect of the materials remained relatively unchanged before and after exposure, demonstrating their durability in outdoor conditions.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
G. Lanzafame, M. C. Caggiani, C. Finocchiaro, G. Barone, C. Ferlito, L. Gigli, P. Mazzoleni
Summary: This study investigates the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of Ghiara, a peculiar aggregate found beneath solidified lava flows in Mt. Etna volcano. The analytical results show the presence of hematite, which gives Ghiara its reddish appearance. The heterogeneous samples make it difficult to determine a precise genetic model, but potential factors influencing its genesis include chemical oxidation, biological oxidation, and hydrothermal transformation. This research provides valuable insights for the use of Ghiara in construction and contributes to understanding hematite formation processes.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
L. Zuccarello, S. De Angelis, V Minio, G. Saccorotti, C. J. Bean, M. Paratore, J. M. Ibanez
Summary: This study presents observations from a seismic array deployment during the eruption of Mt. Etna in 2021. The results show different characteristics of eruption activity, with lava flows and ash plumes in the southeast sector, and mild degassing and effusion in the central and northeast summit craters. Changes in seismic array locations were found to consistently anticipate the onset of paroxysmal activity in the southeast sector.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Studies
Federico Pasquare Mariotto, Fabio Luca Bonali, Alessandro Tibaldi, Emanuela De Beni, Noemi Corti, Elena Russo, Luca Fallati, Massimo Cantarero, Marco Neri
Summary: In this work, a virtual geotrail showcasing historical geological sites and features on the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano in Italy is presented. By scanning QR codes, visitors can virtually explore these sites and fly above them. The main outcome is a virtual geotrail with eight geostops, allowing for complementary field teaching in earth sciences.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Antonio Paonita, Marco Liuzzo, Giuseppe Salerno, Cinzia Federico, Piero Bonfanti, Antonio Caracausi, Giovanni Giuffrida, Alessandro La Spina, Tommaso Caltabiano, Sergio Gurrieri, Gaetano Giudice
Summary: The balance between the amount of gas coexisting with mantle-derived magmas at depth and that emitted during intereruptive phases may play a key role in the eruptive potential of volcanoes. The signals indicate a long-lasting prelude stage to eruption and a brief preeruptive phase, with evidence showing that volcanoes may be in a state of extreme overpressurization in the weeks before the onset of the eruption.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ciro Ricco, Simona Petrosino, Ida Aquino, Paola Cusano, Paolo Madonia
Summary: The study reveals complex spatio-temporal variations of Mt. Vesuvius volcano from 2012 to 2019, including changes in ground deformation, seismicity, and geofluid circulation. These variations indicate changes in volcanic activity and shed light on the volcano's evolution in 4D space. These inferences play a crucial role in civil protection scenarios for Mt. Vesuvius.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lorenzo Guerrieri, Stefano Corradini, Nicolas Theys, Dario Stelitano, Luca Merucci
Summary: The study quantitatively estimates the volcanic cloud produced during the eruptions of Mount Etna from December 2020 to February 2022. The results show variations in volcanic cloud top height, as well as the mass of ash, ice, and sulfur dioxide emitted during this period. The findings have important implications for understanding the impact of the eruptions on human life, the environment, and air traffic.
Article
Remote Sensing
Marina Bisson, Claudia Spinetti, Daniele Andronico, Monica Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Maria Fabrizia Buongiorno, Oleg Alexandrov, Thomas Cecere
Summary: This study compared digital elevation models derived from different remote sensing techniques to accurately map and quantify morphological changes caused by eruptions at Mt. Etna, Italy. The results provide insights into the most affected areas and the total volume of erupted products.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Mariangela Sciotto, Andrea Cannata, Giuseppe Di Grazia, Placido Montalto
Summary: This study analyzed volcanic tremor and LP events recorded at Mt. Etna and concluded that they are not caused by a common source mechanism.
PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Mohammad Noor Akmal Anuar, Mohd Hariri Arifin, Hassan Baioumy, Mohd Nawawi
Summary: The study investigated the geothermal potentials of volcanic and non-volcanic thermal sources in East Malaysia, highlighting differences in reservoir temperatures and geochemical processes affecting the evolution of thermal groundwater. Geothermal indices, geochemistry, geothermometry, and mineral saturation were used to analyze surface temperatures, pH values, and characteristic components of the thermal sources. Results indicated distinct geochemical compositions for non-volcanic and volcanic thermal sources, with quartz geothermometers showing varying reservoir temperatures and energy requirements for heating water. Ultimately, the study classified most thermal springs as intermediate to slightly high enthalpy, with observations of mixing of hot water close to the surface and the influence of host rocks on thermal water characteristics.
JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Maura Fugazzotto, Roberta Occhipinti, Maria Cristina Caggiani, Alessia Coccato, Claudio Finocchiaro, Gabriele Lanzafame, Paolo Mazzoleni, Girolamo Nucatolo, Giammarco Piacenti, Silvia Starinieri, Antonio Stroscio, Germana Barone
Summary: This paper presents a case-study of alkali activated mortars based on volcanic-ash being used directly on-site at the Monreale Cathedral in Sicily, Italy, a UNESCO Heritage site. The application focused on repairing damaged mosaic areas by filling gaps, repositioning detached tesserae, replicating the decorations, and creating new tesserae. The study highlights the challenges and improvements made during the preparation process, as well as the successful long-term results of the intervention.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
P. Censi, P. Zuddas, A. Caracausi, F. Sortino, M. Cangemi, D. Piazzese, V Censi, E. Falcone
Summary: Understanding the dynamics of volcanoes is crucial for evaluating volcanic risks and fundamental for understanding the Earth system. The Zr/Hf ratio in fumarole fluids can be used as a sensitive tool for volcanic risk strategies, with sub-chondritic values indicating fast magmatic rising and super-chondritic values corresponding to fluid-rock processes resulting from the cooling of uprising magmatic fluids. The study suggests that the Zr/Hf ratio in fumarole fluids may serve as a potential marker for volcanic risks and provide valuable information for volcanic risk evaluation.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ramon Yosvanis Batista Cruz, Marcello Liotta, Jose Alberto Batista Rodriguez, Yalina Montecelos Zamora, Thomas Gunter Kretzschmar, Iliana Margarita de la Garza Rodriguez, Luis Eutiquio Canales Gutierrez, Roberto Diaz Martinez, Jesus Antonio Blanco Moreno, Yuri Almaguer Carmenates, Antonio Rodriguez Vega, Felipe de Jesus Lopez Saucedo
Summary: Hydrogeological resources in Mexico's semiarid regions face various challenges, including adverse climatic conditions, overexploitation, pollution, and salinity. It is important to seek alternative water sources, manage resources responsibly, choose crops that can adapt to semiarid conditions, and increase hydrochemical monitoring.
APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Lauro Chiaraluce, Gaetano Festa, Pascal Bernard, Antyonio Caracausi, Ivano Carluccio, John F. Clinton, Raffaele Di Stefano, Luca Elia, Christos P. Evangelidis, Semih Ergintav, Ovidiu Jianu, George Kaviris, Alexandru Marmureanu, Stanka Sebela, Efthimios Sokos
Summary: The Near Fault Observatories (NFOs) community, part of the European Plate Observing System (EPOS), collects high-resolution data through multidisciplinary monitoring and dense sensor networks. This research aims to understand the characteristics of earthquakes and faults, and provide scientific information to stakeholders. NFOs focus on continuously upgrading monitoring systems, which creates marketing opportunities for European enterprises in sensor technology. They also conduct multidisciplinary experiments and develop tools for better earthquake research and hazard prediction.
ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Barbara Marchesini, Eugenio Carminati, Luca Aldega, Francesco Mirabella, Maurizio Petrelli, Antonio Caracausi, Massimiliano R. Barchi
Summary: We analyzed the chemical interaction between deep fluids and carbonate rocks along the seismically active Gubbio normal fault. The bleaching effect is enhanced by the exploitation of inherited stylolitic seams and the progressive leaching and mobilization of primary components. Analysis of fluid inclusions trapped in calcite veins revealed the presence of low salinity fluid with a trapping temperature higher than the host rock peak T conditions. The findings suggest a mixed contribution between crustal-derived fluids and diagenetic fluids in the bleaching process.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Andrea Ricci, Stefano Cremonini, Paolo Severi, Franco Tassi, Orlando Vaselli, Andrea Luca Rizzo, Antonio Caracausi, Fausto Grassa, Jens Fiebig, Bruno Capaccioni
Summary: This paper presents new chemical and isotopic data to characterize different types of deep natural gases in the Southern Po River Basin. It identifies three main deep reservoirs of hydrocarbons and proposes a conceptual model of natural fluid migration pathways in the sedimentary prism of the basin.
MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Cinzia Federico, Ornella Cocina, Salvatore Gambino, Antonio Paonita, Stefano Branca, Mauro Coltelli, Francesco Italiano, Valentina Bruno, Tommaso Caltabiano, Marco Camarda, Giorgio Capasso, Sofia De Gregorio, Iole Serena Diliberto, Roberto Maria Rosario Di Martino, Susanna Falsaperla, Filippo Greco, Giovannella Pecoraino, Giuseppe Salerno, Mariangela Sciotto, Sergio Bellomo, Giuseppe Di Grazia, Ferruccio Ferrari, Alessandro Gattuso, Leonardo La Pica, Mario Mattia, Antonino Fabio Pisciotta, Lucia Pruiti, Francesco Sortino
Summary: In September 2021, the La Fossa crater at Vulcano, Italy, showed signs of unrest. Monitoring parameters such as seismicity, GPS, tiltmeters, and geochemical analysis were used to track the sequence of effects related to the crisis. Increased seismic activity, inflation of the cone, gravity variations, and anomalies in soil and fumarole gases indicated the impending crisis. The multidisciplinary approach proved essential in interpreting the underlying processes and evaluating the hazards.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pierdomenico Del Gaudio, Valeria Misiti, Barbara Cantucci, Marcello Liotta, Guido Ventura, Tullio Ricci, Alessandra Sciarra, Deborah Di Naccio, Sara Amoroso, Paola Monaco
Summary: We present a study on the mud emitted during the Norcia earthquake in central Italy, as well as the effects of the earthquake sequence on pre-existing mud volcanoes. The mud samples were analyzed for composition, grain size, and rheological properties. The results suggest a continental origin for the mud and provide insights into its flow behavior. The findings contribute to a better understanding of mud emissions and their relationship with seismic activity.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Cinzia Federico, Salvatore Inguaggiato, Marcello Liotta, Andrea Luca Rizzo, Fabio Vita
Summary: This study reports on continuous observations of the chemical and isotopic composition of thermal waters and dissolved gases from Stromboli Island in Southern Italy over a period of 14 years (2004-2018). The results reveal that the shallow thermal aquifer of Stromboli is formed through mixing of meteoric water, seawater, and magmatic fluids, resulting in a wide range of variations in water and gas chemistry. The study also shows that the helium isotopic composition of thermal waters can serve as a record of magmatic activity and changes in magma supply at depth during periods of intense volcanic activity.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
A. Sandoval-Velasquez, A. L. Rizzo, F. Casetta, T. Ntaflos, A. Aiuppa, M. Alonso, E. Padron, M. J. Pankhurst, A. Mundl-Petermeier, V. Zanon, N. M. Perez
Summary: This study characterizes the temporal evolution of volatiles during the Tajogaite eruption by analyzing the composition of fluid inclusions in erupted lavas. The results show substantial variations in volatile composition during the eruption, which can be explained by the contribution of more primitive magma from the deeper reservoir. The isotopic signatures of helium suggest a mixing of different magma sources.
JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samantha Remigi, Maria-Luce Frezzotti, Andrea Luca Rizzo, Rosario Esposito, Robert J. Bodnar, Andres Sandoval-Velasquez, Alessandro Aiuppa
Summary: Measuring the carbon stable isotope ratio in geogenic CO2 fluids is important for studying Earth's degassing. In this study, we developed a high-resolution Raman configuration for non-destructive analysis of the C stable isotopic composition of CO2 in mantle rocks. Our results demonstrate the accuracy of this technique in determining CO2 isotopic signatures at the microscale.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Taryn Lopez, Tobias P. Fischer, Terry Plank, Alberto Malinverno, Andrea L. Rizzo, Daniel J. Rasmussen, Elizabeth Cottrell, Cynthia Werner, Christoph Kern, Deborah Bergfeld, Tehnuka Ilanko, Janine L. Andrys, Katherine A. Kelley
Summary: Subduction plays a crucial role in transporting volatiles and creating a habitable Earth. This study uses isotopes to track the movement of carbon from subduction to volcanic outgassing along the Aleutian-Alaska Arc. The findings reveal significant variations in the isotopic composition of volcanic gases due to different recycling efficiencies and subduction characteristics. Fast and cool subduction releases a higher percentage of sediment-derived organic carbon to the atmosphere through degassing, while slow and warm subduction favors the recycling of altered oceanic crust carbon. These results challenge previous assumptions about carbon recycling in subduction zones and highlight the limitations of subducting organic carbon as an atmospheric carbon sink over long time scales.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Mariano Agusto, Maria Clara Lamberti, Franco Tassi, Fabricio Carbajal, Joaquin Llano, Victoria Nogues, Nicolas Nunez, Hernan Sanchez, Andrea Rizzo, Sebastian Garcia, Jazmin Yiries, Maria Laura Velez, Antonella Massenzio, Gabriela Velasquez, Claudia Bucarey, Martin Gomez, Pablo Euillades, Victor Ramos
Summary: Based on geochemical and isotopic monitoring of the Peteroa volcano, a conceptual model was constructed to describe the evolution of the magmatic-hydrothermal system. Precursory geochemical signals of the last eruption were identified. The study revealed different compositions of fumarolic gases during different periods of volcanic activity, indicating the interaction between deep magmatic and shallow hydrothermal fluids. The study also found that the deep magmatic gas source remained relatively constant throughout variations in the volcano's activity.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Claudio Ventura Bordenca, Barbara Faccini, Antonio Caracausi, Massimo Coltorti, Andrea Di Muro, Theodoros Ntaflos, Raphael Pik, Andrea Luca Rizzo, Marco Liuzzo, Alessandro Aiuppa
Summary: Petrology and fluid inclusions geochemistry were used to study the lithospheric mantle in the western Indian Ocean. The results showed different degrees of melting and metasomatic processes in the sampled lithospheric portion. The isotopic analyses support a lithospheric origin of the Comoros magmas and argue against any deep mantle plume-related contribution.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Antonio Caracausi, Dario Buttitta, Matteo Picozzi, Michele Paternoster, Tony Alfredo Stabile
Summary: The degassing of helium from fault zones is a common occurrence throughout the seismic cycle and can serve as a valuable seismic monitoring tool. Variations in helium flux are influenced by low-magnitude earthquakes, indicating the impulsive nature of helium degassing in tectonically active continental regions.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Zhen-Min Ge, Xiao-Long Huang, Wei Xie, Tobias W. Hofig, Fan Yang, Yang Yu, S. Khogenkumar Singh
Summary: The mantle source composition of the nascent oceanic crust in the central part of the Gulf of California has been investigated using basaltic glass samples. These samples show trace element patterns similar to enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts, suggesting that the nascent oceanic crust in the Guaymas Basin might be generated through partial melting of a depleted mantle source metasomatized by subducted slab materials.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jean-Michel Brazier, Katja E. Goetschl, Martin Dietzel, Vasileios Mavromatis
Summary: This study estimated the distribution coefficient of Zn2+ between calcite/aragonite and reactive fluids and found that the growth rate strongly influences D-Zn(2+) in both minerals. Additionally, a linear correlation was found between D-Zn(2+) and the saturation degree of the reactive fluid.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ming Lei, Michele Lustrino, Jifeng Xu, Zhiqiang Kang, Zhengfu Guo, Jianlin Chen
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive geochronological, mineralogical, and geochemical analysis of olivine leucitites in the Maiga area of southern Tibet, suggesting that these rocks originate from a carbonated peridotite mantle source and highlighting the possibility of carbonates being recycled deep into the mantle during continental subduction.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yuntao Ye, Xiaomei Wang, Huajian Wang, Haifeng Fan, Zhigang Chen, Qingjun Guo, Ziteng Wang, Chaodong Wu, Donald E. Canfield, Shuichang Zhang
Summary: Phosphorus is an essential element for life and its cycle in the ocean is closely connected with the carbon and oxygen cycles. The study of phosphate oxygen isotopes can provide insights into various reactions related to phosphorus. By analyzing carbonate fluorapatite samples from the Mesoproterozoic Era in North China, it was found that the oxygen isotope values were lower compared to modern samples, indicating a warmer climate during that time period and a potential reason for the scarcity of phosphorite.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Vincent Busigny, Oanez Lebeau, Didier Jezeduel, Carine Chaduteau, Sean Crowe, Magali Ader
Summary: This study conducted high-precision Mo isotope research on hydrothermal metal sulfides from a porphyry copper deposit in Southwest China and found that different stages of mineralization have distinct Mo isotope compositions, providing valuable insights into the behavior of Mo isotopes in magmatic-hydrothermal systems.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Min Ji, Xiao-Ying Gao, Yong-Fei Zheng, Bing Gong
Summary: The study examines the anatectic mechanisms in the Himalayan orogen, finding that pressure and temperature control the reaction, while water content mainly affects the solid-phase composition. Dehydration and hydration melting likely occur at different depths in the crust. This research provides important insights into the melting processes in collisional orogens.