Article
Energy & Fuels
Jie Zhang, Chuanxian Li, Fei Yang, Lei Shi, Bo Yao, Guangyu Sun
Summary: This study investigates the effects of asphaltene subfractions on the growth process of hydrate particles. The dispersion state and interfacial adsorption amount of the asphaltene subfractions were found to impact the change degree of particle morphology and the growth rate of hydrate shells. The effects of the asphaltene subfractions on hydrate growth varied with concentration.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Nkululeko Nkosi, Diakanua Nkazi, Kaniki Tumba
Summary: This article reviews the emerging and innovative gas hydrate-based fruit juice concentration technology, highlighting its advantages of preserving bioactive compounds and conserving energy. Carbon dioxide is found to be the preferred hydrate former for juice concentration. However, further research is needed to confirm the sustainability of this novel process.
JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Satoshi Takeya, Akihiro Hachikubo, Hirotoshi Sakagami, Hirotsugu Minami, Satoshi Yamashita, Masayoshi Takahashi, Keiichi Hirano, Kazuyuki Hyodo, Akio Yoneyama
Summary: Understanding the dissolution processes of natural methane (CH4) hydrates is crucial for assessing the amount of methane released into seawater from unconventional natural gas resources. High-resolution experiments have successfully visualized the spatial relationships between methane hydrates and seawater, revealing that dissociation of methane hydrates leads to the formation of microbubbles.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bin Huang, Jiaoyang Li, Cheng Fu, Tianyue Guo, Chang Ding, Lu Zhang, Wei Guo
Summary: Hydrates and asphaltene-resin-wax deposits pose a significant problem in offshore oil and gas production and transportation. This study investigated the rheological properties of hydrate slurry in water-in-asphaltene-resin-wax deposits, with a focus on the effects of pressure, emulsion component ratio, and deposit composition. The results showed that higher pressure accelerated hydrate formation and aggregation, and resulted in shear-thinning behavior. The emulsion component ratio positively correlated with hydrate slurry viscosity and yield stress, and negatively correlated with hydrate crystallization time. Asphaltene and wax hindered hydrate crystallization, while resin promoted it.
JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Jie Zhang, Chuanxian Li, Lei Shi, Xue Xia, Fei Yang, Guangyu Sun
Summary: This study summarizes the recent development of hydrate formation and aggregation in water in-oil emulsions containing wax crystals, asphaltenes, and solid particles. The research found that these compositions can either promote or inhibit hydrate formation, and can also change the surface properties of hydrate particles, affecting their aggregation.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nur Aminatulmimi Ismail, Carolyn A. Koh
Summary: Understanding the effect of salt on gas hydrate crystal growth is crucial for advanced gas hydrate management and application. The growth of THF hydrate single crystals in the presence of salt inhibits crystal growth and leads to the formation of parallel intergrowths of octahedral hydrate crystals.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qian Zhang, Malcolm A. Kelland
Summary: Kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) have been used for over 25 years in oil and gas production flowlines to prevent gas hydrate formation. The main component in KHI formulations is a water-soluble polymer, with polymaleamides showing significant performance enhancement in inhibiting gas hydrate formation. Studies have improved our understanding of the optimal structural features for KHI polymers.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mohsen Abbaspour, Fateme Fotourechi, Hamed Akbarzadeh, Sirous Salemi
Summary: In this study, water molecules in fixed and rigid (15,0) CNTs formed a hexagonal ice nanotube. The addition of methane molecules replaced the hexagonal structure of confined water molecules. When inhibitors were added to methane clathrates in CNT, benzene, [emim(+)][Cl-] IL, methanol, NaCl, and THF were found to have different inhibition behaviors. [emim(+)][Cl-] IL showed the best inhibition effects, while THF and benzene were more effective than NaCl and methanol. The IL and THF inhibitors tended to aggregate, while benzene and IL molecules were distributed along the CNT and affected the behavior of THF as an inhibitor in the CNT. Furthermore, the IL had stronger inhibition effects in the armchair (9,9) and the flexible (15,0) CNTs compared to other systems.
Article
Thermodynamics
Foroozan Keshavarzi, Jafar Javanmardi, Khashayar Nasrifar, Amir H. Mohammadi
Summary: The study aimed to estimate the effects of different aqueous solutions on hydrates using a model. Evaluation of 828 experimental data points showed the high accuracy of the model, with comparisons indicating excellent agreement between the predicted values and experimental data.
FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ali Rasoolzadeh, Ali Bakhtyari, Khayyam Mehrabi, Jafar Javanmardi, Khashayar Nasrifar, Amir H. Mohammadi
Summary: This study presents a new method for calculating water activity in gas hydrate systems using the van der Waals-Platteeuw model. The model incorporates both short-range and long-range interactions and has been tested against a comprehensive database, showing excellent performance. It is capable of accurately predicting gas hydrate dissociation temperatures in complex systems.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Qing-quan Fu, Hai-bo Shi, Lei Zhou, Pan-pan Li, Rong-rong Wang
Summary: The present study investigated the effects of different ultrasonic powers on the stability, rheological properties, and microstructure of non-salt chicken myofibrillar protein emulsions. Ultrasonic treatment improved emulsion stability, reduced droplet size, and increased viscosity. The optimal ultrasonic power for emulsion stability was found to be 450 W.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Liu Chenwei, Yang Liang, Zhou Chenru, Wang Zhiyuan, Li Mingzhong
Summary: This study investigated the effects of various hydrate inhibitors on the adhesion of sintered hydrate deposits. The results showed that increasing the concentration of ethylene glycol and glycerol led to a decrease in adhesion strength, while DBSA and Span 80 increased adhesion strength at lower concentrations. Two modified models were proposed to better predict/explain the adhesion of hydrate deposits with different inhibitors.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qian Zhang, Malcolm A. Kelland, Evan M. Lewoczko, Caleb A. Bohannon, Bin Zhao
Summary: The use of zwitterionic polymers as kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) in gas and oil industry has shown promising results, with the key performance parameter being the length of the alkyl chain on the monomer unit side chains. Copolymers of the zwitterionic monomers and NIPMAM exhibit better increase in KHI performance with increasing concentration, suggesting the importance of strong hydrogen-bonding groups for high KHI performance.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hongfei Xu, Faisal Khan, Seungho Jung, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: The study aims to develop a risk-based flow assurance model for hydrates and wax, assessing the likelihood of blockages using thermo-hydraulic data. The models were tested against published studies and lab data, and their application was demonstrated through case studies. The models would aid in developing and implementing pipeline design and intervention strategies for a safe operation.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Amir Saberi, Abdolmohammad Alamdari, Ali Rasoolzadeh, Amir H. Mohammadi
Summary: This study investigated the impact of three chemicals at different concentrations on gas hydrate formation, and identified the optimal choices. Furthermore, the combination of PVP and MEG in an aqueous solution was found to have a simultaneous synergistic impact on both natural gas hydrate formation induction time and the rate of gas consumption.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yonghwan Kim, Hyunjung Kim, Kwiyong Kim, Ho Hyeon Eom, Xiao Su, Jae W. Lee
Summary: The study demonstrates effective electrochemical uptake and release of cadmium ions using a copper-based metal-organic framework electrode, achieving higher absorption capacity compared to traditional methods. The research presents a reusable platform for efficient removal of Cd2+ and supports further development of Faradaic electrodes for electrochemical wastewater treatment.
Article
Electrochemistry
Dong Kyu Lee, Chi Won Ahn, Jae W. Lee
Summary: A two-dimensional MXene-wrapped sulfur composite was synthesized via electrostatic self-assembly. This composite exhibits high sulfur content, suppressed shuttle effect, and provides a high capacity, high Coulombic efficiency, and low capacity decay rate in lithium-sulfur batteries.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chaeyeong Seo, Heecheon Lee, Minyong Lee, Jae W. Lee
Summary: This study presents improved energy savings in the separation of ternary azeotropic mixture using a heat-integrated distillation column with structural variations. The conventional sequence was replaced with a double annular column, which allowed for efficient heat transfer between hot and cold fluids. The newly proposed partial double annular structure achieved significant energy savings compared to the conventional sequence.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Ayeong Byeon, Won Chan Yun, Jong Min Kim, Jae W. Lee
Summary: This review focuses on the application of metal-free heteroatom-doped carbon catalysts in the electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide through the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e(-) ORR). The electronic properties of carbon can be changed depending on the type of heteroatoms, which significantly affect the ORR catalytic activity. The location of active catalytic sites within the carbon network and the reaction environment, such as pH and electrolyte additives, are also investigated. This review provides fundamental insights into how heteroatoms enhance the electrocatalytic activity of metal-free carbon materials for the 2e(-) ORR.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hyunjung Kim, Ho Hyeon Eom, Yonghwan Kim, David Harbottle, Jae W. Lee
Summary: A zinc hexacyanoferrate composite was designed using ZIF-8 derived carbon and utilized as an electrode for selective removal of cesium ions. The composite exhibited a large cesium uptake capacity and high selectivity in different environments. In-depth characterizations were conducted to investigate the performance, phase transition, and stability of the composite.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jeongwoo Yang, Dong Woo Kang, Hodong Kim, Byunghoon Hwang, Jae W. Lee
Summary: The use of a free-standing carbon interlayer in lithium-sulfur batteries shows promise due to its ability to suppress the shuttle effect and provide flexibility. However, the thickness of the interlayer inhibits Li-ion transport. This study addresses this issue by synthesizing a composite with superior pore characteristics and evenly distributed catalytic sites, resulting in improved Li-ion diffusion and redox reaction.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Byunghoon Hwang, Jeongwoo Yang, Dohyeun Kim, Won Chan Yun, Jae W. Lee
Summary: We designed a membraneless potassium bromide electrochemical capacitor (ML-PBEC) single cell that generates high energy density and reduces self-discharge. Highly porous carbon with a hierarchical structure was synthesized from CO2 gas, and the effect of nitrogen doping on the CO2-derived carbon materials' electrochemical performance was investigated. The ML-PBEC single cell, using the synthesized carbon as electrodes and a Br-/Br3- redox active aqueous electrolyte, achieved enhanced energy density by suppressing the cross-diffusion of soluble bromine molecules through electrostatic interaction between N-doped sites' protons and polybromide anions even without a membrane.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jeil Park, Wonhyeong Lee, Jae W. W. Lee
Summary: This study explored the impact of dual impeller geometry on droplet size in the S-PVC polymerization process. A borescope method was used to measure droplet size in a biphasic liquid system, and it was found that replacing the upper paddle impeller with a 20-degree pitched paddle increased the Sauter mean diameter by 46.5%. The Sauter mean diameter also increased with larger impeller diameter and blade width. A revised geometrical factor (F) was considered, and a calculated maximum energy dissipation rate was used to establish a correlation for the Sauter mean diameter.
KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dasol Bae, Yikyeom Kim, Eun Hee Ko, Seung Ju Han, Jae W. Lee, Minkyu Kim, Dohyung Kang
Summary: This study investigated the reaction kinetics and mechanism of CH4 pyrolysis in mixtures of molten MnCl2 with various chlorides, and found that MnCl2-KCl mixture showed the lowest apparent activation energy and the highest crystallinity. This suggests that MnCl2-KCl has unique pathways for methane dehydrogenation and carbon formation.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Wonhyeong Lee, Dong Woo Kang, Yun-Ho Ahn, Jae W. Lee
Summary: In this study, a mixture of hydrate seed solution and liquid phase thermodynamic promoter was introduced to promote the formation of hydrogen hydrates for safe hydrogen storage.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ki Heum Park, Jae W. Lee, Yutaek Seo
Summary: In this study, a VOC recovery process based on selective condensation was developed. By analyzing the economic benefits, the process efficiency was optimized, and a cascade refrigerant system using carbon dioxide and ammonia was proposed to achieve more efficient and eco-friendly operation of the VOC recovery system.
JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Donggun Kim, Minyong Lee, Yongbeom Shin, Jeongwoo Lee, Jae W. Lee
Summary: This study presents a novel process for the direct production of diethyl carbonate and ethylene glycol from ethylene carbonate and ethanol through reactive distillation. By integrating reactive distillation systems and eliminating the need for separating the azeotrope mixture, an energy-efficient process is achieved. Two design alternatives are proposed, with both resulting in reductions in energy consumption, cost, and CO2 emissions compared to conventional processes. These alternatives demonstrate their economic viability and effectiveness in CO2 mitigation.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yikyeom Kim, Hyeon Seok Kim, Dohyung Kang, Minkyu Kim, Jae W. Lee
Summary: Chemical looping steam methane reforming (CL-SMR) can produce high-purity hydrogen without additional separation units. The reactivity of LaFeO3 oxygen carrier towards methane can be enhanced by introducing a small amount of iridium. Both particle reduction and oxidation were significantly improved by the presence of iridium, and the preparation pathways of oxygen carriers greatly affected the long-term performance. Although surface iridium species prepared by an impregnation method were severely aggregated during successive redox cycling, B-site incorporation of iridium led to the exsolution of IrOx nanoparticles anchored on the perovskite host and enhanced redox stability, which is essential for the long-term operation of the chemical looping process.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Electrochemistry
Ayeong Byeon, Won Chan Yun, Jong Min Kim, Jae W. Lee
Summary: Hydrogen peroxide is widely used in various industries for different purposes, such as water purification and rocket fuels. The conventional method of hydrogen peroxide production consumes a lot of energy and generates chemical waste. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the electrochemical production method using non-precious metal catalysts, such as transition metals and heteroatoms, for eco-friendly and low-energy synthesis. This review focuses on the modification of atomic configuration to enhance the catalytic activity of non-precious metal catalysts for the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jeil Park, Wonhyeong Lee, Jae W. W. Lee
Summary: This study investigated the impact of dual impeller geometry on droplet size in S-PVC polymerization process and proposed a correlation equation to estimate droplet size with a certain margin of error, aiding in predicting the normality of the polymerization reaction under specific impeller geometry.
KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qing Han, Mengqing Shi, Linkai Han, Di Liu, Mingwei Tong, Yuxin Xie, Zhonghua Xiang
Summary: Developing highly efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is crucial for zinc-air flow batteries. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic polymers (COPs) have emerged as promising alternatives due to their designable and controllable atomic-level structures. However, their catalytic performances are limited by conductivity and catalytic activity. In this study, nanosheet FeNi-MOF and iron phthalocyanine rich COP hybrid materials are assembled through the pi-pi stacking effect to create highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts. The resulting catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance and stability, making it a promising candidate for zinc-air flow batteries.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Daria Grigorash, Dmytro Mihrin, Rene Wugt Larsen, Erling H. Stenby, Wei Yan
Summary: The article introduces a new approach to describe the cross-association between molecules, allowing for the simulation of weakly bound molecular complexes with different conformations in mixtures. By incorporating this approach into the equation of state, accurate predictions of vapor-liquid equilibrium and liquid-liquid equilibrium can be made. The new method is validated through experiments on alcohol and acid mixtures, with the results compared to experimental data, demonstrating its accuracy and reliability.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mohammed Al-Sharabi, Daniel Markl, Vincenzino Vivacqua, Prince Bawuah, Natalie Maclean, Andrew P. E. York, Axel Zeitler
Summary: This study used terahertz pulsed imaging to investigate the transport process of different solvents into ceramic catalytic materials. The results showed that the heating rate of the samples influenced the water transport rate, while the viscosity of 1-octanol slowed down its transport.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chukwunonso Anyaoku, Sati Bhattacharya, Rajarathinam Parthasarathy
Summary: This study aimed to enhance understanding of settling dynamics in viscoelastic fluids by developing a semi-empirical correlation and a dimensionless ratio, which accurately described the characteristics of settling suspensions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Antti I. Koponen, Janika Viitala, Atsushi Tanaka, Baranivignesh Prakash, Olli-Ville Laukkanen, Ari Jasberg
Summary: This study focuses on the development of foam application chemicals for the paper and board industry. The research explores the rheology of the polyvinyl alcohol foam used in the process. Measurements were conducted to determine the foam viscosity and slip flow. The results suggest that slip flow contributes significantly to the total flow rate, and the obtained viscosity and slip models provide a solid foundation for industrial processes.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dalei Sun, Jinghui Cai, Yating Yang, Zhiwu Liang
Summary: In this study, Fe-doped alpha-Bi2O3 catalysts with different Fe/Bi molar ratios were synthesized and utilized in the carbonylation of isobutyl amine with CO2. The results showed that Fe doping significantly enhanced the catalytic abilities of alpha-Bi2O3.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yuan Tian, Xinxin Wang, Yanrong Liu, Wenping Hu
Summary: This paper predicts the solubility of nitrogen gas in ionic liquids (ILs) using two quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models. By combining machine learning methods and ionic fragments contribution method, the accuracy and reliability of the prediction models are improved.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Liwang Wang, Wei Liu, Pan Yang, Yulong Chang, Xiaoxu Duan, Lingyu Xiao, Yaoming Hu, Jiwei Wu, Liang Ma, Hualin Wang
Summary: This study investigates the effective phase interfacial area (ae) of hydro-jet cyclones at different injection angles. The results show that a 45 degrees upward incidence angle yields the most favorable flow field characteristics for efficient mass transfer. The significant enhancement in ae of the hydro-jet cyclones offers the advantage of reducing equipment volume and cost savings.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chuanjun Wu, Jiangzhi Chen, Jiyue Sun, I-Ming Chou, Shenghua Mei, Juezhi Lin, Lei Jiang
Summary: In this study, the solubility of H2S hydrate in water was measured using Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the solubility increases with temperature under certain equilibrium conditions, and the solubility also depends on pressure and temperature under different equilibrium conditions. A thermodynamic model based on the van der Waals-Platteeuw theory was developed to predict the solubility, demonstrating its accuracy.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lorenzo Brivio, Serena Meini, Mattia Sponchioni, Davide Moscatelli
Summary: This study investigates the influence of three main parameters and proposes a kinetic model to predict the optimal operating conditions for high yield of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) in the chemical recycling process of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hongju Lin, Fanhui Liao, Yanchang Chu, Mingyu Xie, Lun Pan, Yuanyuan Wang, Lijian Leng, Donghai Xu, Le Yang, Gangfeng Ouyang
Summary: A honeycomb NiCo/C-Na catalyst with a micro-meso-macroporous structure has been fabricated and shown to have significantly higher catalytic activity for the decarboxylation of fatty acids. It also proves to be efficient in upgrading sludge HTL bio-crude, resulting in a biofuel with decreased viscosity and increased density.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xiaoxian Li, Rui Li, Min Lin, Mingde Yang, Yulong Wu
Summary: A series of coated non-noble metal porous carbon catalysts were synthesized and applied to the aqueous-phase deoxygenation of algal bio-oil. One of the catalysts showed excellent deoxygenation selectivity and catalytic activity at 250 degrees C. The catalyst exhibited good hydrothermal stability and the reaction mechanism was proposed based on product analysis and active site analysis.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
M. V. Chudakova, M. V. Popov, P. A. Korovchenko, E. O. Pentsak, A. R. Latypova, P. B. Kurmashov, A. A. Pimenov, E. A. Tsilimbaeva, I. S. Levin, A. G. Bannov, A. V. Kleymenov
Summary: A series of catalysts with different potassium contents were prepared using solution combustion synthesis and characterized using various techniques. The results showed that the potassium content affected the phase composition and texture of the catalysts. The addition of a small amount of potassium resulted in a change in particle size distribution, leading to higher hydrogen yield. The Ni-1%K2O/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited the highest hydrogen yield at temperatures of 675 and 750 degrees Celsius.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Aliakbar Roosta, Nima Rezaei
Summary: In this study, we modified the electrolyte cubic plus association equation of state (e-CPA EoS) and integrated it with two electrical conductivity models to estimate the electrical conductivity of 11 monovalent electrolyte solutions in water. The modified e-CPA model demonstrated better performance and the hybridization with electrical conductivity models resulted in two predictive models for estimating the electrical conduction of dilute and concentrated electrolyte solutions. These predictive models showed relative average percentage deviations (AARD) of 11.15% and 13.87% over wide ranges of temperature and electrolyte concentration.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Haoren Niu, Jianzheng Wang, Qingzhu Jia, Qiang Wang, Jin Zhao, Fangyou Yan
Summary: A study developed two quantitative structure-property relationship models for the complexation performance of alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins and validated their stability and predictive ability through internal and external validation. The models showed robustness and satisfactory performance, as demonstrated by the experimental results and model validations. These models can effectively predict the binding constants between cyclodextrins and various types of molecules, providing valuable tools for cyclodextrin design.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)