Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ljubisa Gavrilovic, Erik A. Jorgensen, Umesh Pandey, Koteswara R. Putta, Kumar R. Rout, Erling Rytter, Magne Hillestad, Edd A. Blekkan
Summary: Fischer-Tropsch synthesis has been investigated over a commercial cobalt-based catalyst, showing a positive effect of water on catalyst activity and increased C(5+) selectivity regardless of the H2/CO ratio. Increasing conversion led to increased C(5+) selectivity, while higher conversions resulted in significantly enhanced selectivity to CO2.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qingyuan Zheng, Jack H. Williams, Scott Elgersma, Mick D. Mantle, Andrew J. Sederman, G. Leendert Bezemer, Constant M. Guedon, Lynn F. Gladden
Summary: In this study, a pilot-scale fixed-bed reactor compatible with NMR/MRI was developed for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Multiple magnetic resonance techniques were applied to quantitatively characterize different product species within catalyst pellets, providing valuable information for catalyst and reactor optimization.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zahra Gholami, Zdenek Tisler, Josef Simek
Summary: Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a widely recognized process for converting syngas into higher hydrocarbons and oxygenates. The use of a multilayered catalytic bed has shown positive effects in addressing temperature control and heat dissipation, as well as underutilization of the catalyst bed in fixed-bed reactors.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Arash Yahyazadeh, Somaye Seraj, Philip Boahene, Ajay K. Dalai
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of Fe catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and compared DOE 2 and DOE 5 catalysts. The results showed that DOE 2 had higher C2-C4 selectivity, while DOE 5 had higher C5+ selectivity. In addition, COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to simulate FTS fixed-bed reactor and was validated with experimental data.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jianqi Shen, Wei Hua Ho, Xinying Liu, Diane Hildebrandt
Summary: A tubular reactor internals were designed and tested to suppress hot spot formation in a catalyst bed, with simulation showing a reduction in maximum temperature rise by as much as 22.6% and a slight increase in C3+ product selectivity. The optimized internals demonstrate effective heat transfer and dispersion of reaction heat intensity.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jianqi Shen, Yun-Chao Li, Wei H. Ho, Xinying Liu, Diane Hildebrandt
Summary: The temperature distribution in a bench-scale fixed bed Fischer-Tropsch reactor using Co-based catalyst was investigated. A 2D pseudo-homogeneous fixed bed reactor model was developed to predict temperature more accurately, and analyze how to increase reactor production capacity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cesar I. Mendez, Fernando Trejo, Jorge Ancheyta
Summary: A control scheme was developed for a fixed-bed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor to optimize its performance, with the use of optimal initial operating conditions and dynamic control strategies to ensure efficient operation.
ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Gi Hoon Hong, Dongil Shin, Dong Ju Moon
Summary: The catalyst bed for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis reactor was prepared using a mixture of Ru/Co/Al2O3 catalyst and dilution materials with different thermal conductivity. The effect of dilution materials on controlling the reaction heat was investigated in a shell and tube type fixed bed reactor with an oil circulation system. It was found that lower thermal conductivity of the dilution materials stabilized the reactivity of the FTS reactor at relatively low temperatures.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
V. Chandra, D. Vogels, E. A. J. F. Peters, J. A. M. Kuipers
Summary: A numerical model based on fundamental continuum transport equations has been developed for simulating the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a slender packed column, considering internal and external mass transport limitations and a two-way coupling between mass and heat transport. The model uses a Langmuir-Hinshelwood type kinetic model for the reaction rate and employs the Immersed Boundary Method for fluid phase transport coupling. The influence of temperature and concentration on conversion and selectivity is investigated in a fixed bed reactor consisting of randomly packed particles using the Discrete Element Method.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Serena Poto, Fausto Gallucci, M. Fernanda Neira d'Angelo
Summary: The direct hydrogenation of CO2 to dimethyl ether (DME) is a promising technology, and a 1D phenomenological reactor model was developed to optimize membrane reactor performance for this conversion. The study found that the circulation of a sweep gas stream through the permeation zone increased overall DME yield, and determined optimal membrane properties for reactor performance, considering non-ideal separation and non-isothermal operation. The membrane reactor demonstrated higher water removal efficiency and improved CO2 conversion and DME yield compared to a conventional packed bed, showing promising potential for CO2 valorisation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Alejo Aguirre, Esther Scholman, John van der Shaaf, M. Fernanda Neira D'Angelo
Summary: This study investigates the effects of intra and extra-particle mass transfer limitations on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction rate and product selectivity using open-cell foam catalysts, finding that an increase in washcoat layer thickness leads to higher selectivity towards methane and the reaction rate peaks around 60 micrometers. The developed model predicts that washcoat layers thicker than 50 micrometers severely impact the productivity to long-chain hydrocarbons (C5+).
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yingying Xue, Shengyang Duan, Zihao Liu, Miaomiao Cui, Zhanghui Xiong, Zengchen Liu, Jiangang Chen
Summary: Stable Fe-based superhydrophobic surfaces are constructed using a hydrothermal method and an autocatalytic CO hydrogenation reaction. The use of syngas as an alternative to traditional low-free-energy materials is proposed. Syngas may serve as a powerful tool for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces that can catalyze the CO hydrogenation reaction.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tobias F. Kimpel, Jin-Xun Liu, Wei Chen, Robert Pestman, Emiel J. M. Hensen
Summary: Through IR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, it has been discovered that in the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, Mn promotes a silica-supported Co catalyst with a MnO layer covering the Co surface, activating adsorbed CO through reaction with an oxygen vacancy. This results in higher activity, higher CHx coverage, increased C5+ selectivity, and decreased CH4 selectivity. Increasing pressure amplifies the selectivity differences. However, above around 4 bar, the addition of Mn decreases C5+ selectivity, possibly due to its promotion of C-O bond dissociation but not chain growth. Migration of formed monomers for chain growth on the Co surface may be hindered by high CO coverage, especially at high pressure.
JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Huong Lan Huynh, Wakshum Mekonnen Tucho, Qi Shen, Zhixin Yu
Summary: The study focuses on the formation of hot-spots in CO2 methanation bed reactors and finds that the presence of hot-spots significantly increases methane yield. Optimizing bed packing configuration and utilizing hot-spot formation can enhance CO2 methanation performance at low temperatures.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sebastian Taco-Vasquez, Cesar A. Ron, Herman A. Murillo, Andres Chico, Paul G. Arauz
Summary: This study presents thermochemical analysis of a packed-bed reactor using multi-dimensional CFD modeling, comparing F1exPDE and COMSOL models for methane production via F-T synthesis. Results show that different approaches for CFD modeling of F-T processes can provide reliable results through comparison and validation with experimental data.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Thomas Busser, Marion Serres, Regis Philippe, Valerie Vidal
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2020)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Carlotta Panzone, Regis Philippe, Alban Chappaz, Pascal Fongarland, Alain Bengaouer
JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Camille Mehault, Laurent Vanoye, Regis Philippe, Claude de Bellefon
Summary: This paper discusses the efficiency of alternated slug flow in capillaries for separating droplets with different compositions, and provides a solution to the issue of droplet coalescence using a gas bubble as a separator. The study quantitatively demonstrates that the mass transfer between resulting liquid- (gas-liquid)-liquid flow is negligibly impacted by the gas bubble size distribution. Overall, mastering such alternated slug flow opens up opportunities for various applications requiring compartmentation of reactions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Houcine Touati, Alexandre Guerin, Yousef Swesi, Catherine Batiot Dupeyrat, Regis Philippe, Valerie Meille, Jean-Marc Clacens
Summary: The catalytic decomposition of ozone using Pd/Al2O3 catalysts at 40 degrees C showed that the presence of NOx can significantly poison the catalyst, leading to a decrease in ozone conversion rate over time. However, it was found that the poisoning effect is reversible when using NOx-free ozone feed, allowing for total recovery of the initial catalyst properties.
CATALYSIS COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hanane Bouras, Yacine Haroun, Regis Philippe, Frederic Augier, Pascal Fongarland
Summary: This study investigates Gas-Liquid-Solid mass transfer coupled to heterogeneous catalytic reaction using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). By validating the numerical model and studying different reactor structures, the study shows that convective transport significantly impacts Gas-Liquid-Solid mass transfer.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Davina Messou, Vincent Bernardin, Frederic Meunier, Marta Borges Ordono, Atsushi Urakawa, Bruno F. Machado, Vincent Colliere, Regis Philippe, Philippe Serp, Carole Le Berre
Summary: The catalytic performances of TiO2-supported Ni catalysts for the methanation of CO2 are investigated, showing that the crystalline phases of TiO2 significantly affect the activity of Ni. Mixing rutile and anatase TiO2 can increase the reaction rate significantly without direct contact between the two catalysts. The synergy between the two catalysts is attributed to hydrogen spillover mediated by surface or gas-phase species.
JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hanane Bouras, Yacine Haroun, Francisco Fortunato Bodziony, Regis Philippe, Pascal Fongarland, Frederic Augier
Summary: This study investigated the hydrodynamics in Trickle-Bed-Reactors using Computational-Fluid-Dynamics to improve existing correlations, with a focus on catalyst shape effect and wetting prediction. The Volume-Of-Fluid approach was used to simulate two-phase flow through different particle shapes, and a new wetting efficiency correlation was proposed with good predictions for a wide range of liquid and gas velocities.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yousef Swesi, Amaury Gillet, Alexandre Guerin, Marie-Line Zanota, Frederic Bornette, Regis Philippe, Valerie Meille
Summary: In the future, more electrical aircraft will not be allowed to perform ozone conversion at high temperatures. Better performance is expected for the next generation of ozone converters, mainly working in a catalytic heterogeneous manner. The study highlights the importance of structural design in heterogeneous catalytic reactions.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Carlotta Panzone, Regis Philippe, Clemence Nikitine, Laurent Vanoye, Alain Bengaouer, Alban Chappaz, Pascal Fongarland
Summary: Experimental study on CO2 hydrogenation over a Fe-K/Al2O3 catalyst showed that the H-2/CO2 inlet molar ratio significantly affects the catalyst activity and selectivity, with an excess of H-2 leading to increased CO2 conversion and reduced CO formation. A semiempirical macrokinetic model was developed to accurately predict the experimental data within an error of 20% and a MARR lower than 5%.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dolores Bourbiaux, Yu Xu, Laurence Burel, Firat Goc, Pascal Fongarland, Regis Philippe, Guillaume Aubert, Cyril Aymonier, Franck Rataboul, Laurent Djakovitch
Summary: Lignin is a major component of lignocellulosic biomass and can be depolymerized under mild oxidizing conditions with the Pd catalyst to produce oxygenated aromatic compounds. The richness of functional groups in lignin makes it an attractive precursor for a wide variety of aromatic compounds. Differences in selectivity in aromatic monomers may arise depending on the catalyst nature and synthetic methods used.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Carlotta Panzone, Regis Philippe, Clemence Nikitine, Alain Bengaouer, Alban Chappaz, Pascal Fongarland
Summary: Mechanistic kinetic models were developed to study the CO2 hydrogenation reaction over an Fe-K/Al2O3 catalyst. The models provide insights into the mechanism and kinetics of the reaction, including the formation of hydrocarbons and oxygenates. The study reveals a complex mechanism involving chain-growth via an alkyl mechanism and CO insertion mechanism for the formation of oxygenate products.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Laurent Vanoye, Boris Guicheret, Camila Rivera-Carcamo, Ruben Castro Contreras, Claude de Bellefon, Valerie Meille, Philippe Serp, Regis Philippe, Alain Favre-Reguillon
Summary: A process intensification study for the full hydrogenation of bio-derived platform molecule squalene (SQE) into squalane (SQA) using commercial heterogeneous Pd catalysts and Pd supported on carbon nanotubes (CNT) is reported. The study found that Pd/CNT catalyst showed improved catalytic activity for the hydrogenation reaction, but the scalability and operability of the stirred reactor were limited due to the exothermic nature of the reaction. The implementation of the Pd/CNT catalyst in a flow reactor coated on metallic open cell foams allowed for efficient and scalable production of SQA.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Boris Guicheret, Laurent Vanoye, Camila Rivera-Carcamo, Claude de Bellefon, Philippe Serp, Regis Philippe, Alain Favre-Reguillon
Summary: A newly developed catalyst with high activity and stability in liquid phase hydrogenation of terpenes has been reported, showing promise for commercial applications in continuous flow processes.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lea Vilcocq, Ana Paez, Victoria D. S. Freitas, Laurent Veyre, Pascal Fongarland, Regis Philippe
Summary: This study investigated the hydrogenation of xylose to xylitol in aqueous medium using two Ru/TiO2 catalysts prepared with different commercial TiO2 supports. The results revealed a significant impact of the support on catalytic performance, with Ru/TiO2-R showing high activity and selectivity, while Ru/TiO2-A exhibited lower activity and poor selectivity. Detailed characterization and analysis of the catalysts and reaction products provided insights into the mechanism and factors influencing the reaction outcomes.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
C. Rivera-Carcamo, I. C. Gerber, I. del Rosal, B. Guicheret, R. Castro Contreras, L. Vanoye, A. Favre-Reguillon, B. F. Machado, J. Audevard, C. de Bellefon, R. Philippe, P. Serp
Summary: This study reveals a structure/activity correlation in Pd/C catalysts for alkene hydrogenation, showing that highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles, surface defects, and oxygenated groups on the support play crucial roles in the catalytic process. A combination of these structural characteristics allows cooperative catalysis between Pd-NP and Pd-SA, leading to the formation of highly active Pd-SA-H species for alkene hydrogenation and isomerization. Additionally, an efficient method to control the ratio between Pd-SA and Pd-NP in Pd/C catalysts has been developed, enabling the design of stable and highly active catalysts with a rational use of precious metals.
CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qing Han, Mengqing Shi, Linkai Han, Di Liu, Mingwei Tong, Yuxin Xie, Zhonghua Xiang
Summary: Developing highly efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is crucial for zinc-air flow batteries. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic polymers (COPs) have emerged as promising alternatives due to their designable and controllable atomic-level structures. However, their catalytic performances are limited by conductivity and catalytic activity. In this study, nanosheet FeNi-MOF and iron phthalocyanine rich COP hybrid materials are assembled through the pi-pi stacking effect to create highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts. The resulting catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance and stability, making it a promising candidate for zinc-air flow batteries.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Daria Grigorash, Dmytro Mihrin, Rene Wugt Larsen, Erling H. Stenby, Wei Yan
Summary: The article introduces a new approach to describe the cross-association between molecules, allowing for the simulation of weakly bound molecular complexes with different conformations in mixtures. By incorporating this approach into the equation of state, accurate predictions of vapor-liquid equilibrium and liquid-liquid equilibrium can be made. The new method is validated through experiments on alcohol and acid mixtures, with the results compared to experimental data, demonstrating its accuracy and reliability.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mohammed Al-Sharabi, Daniel Markl, Vincenzino Vivacqua, Prince Bawuah, Natalie Maclean, Andrew P. E. York, Axel Zeitler
Summary: This study used terahertz pulsed imaging to investigate the transport process of different solvents into ceramic catalytic materials. The results showed that the heating rate of the samples influenced the water transport rate, while the viscosity of 1-octanol slowed down its transport.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chukwunonso Anyaoku, Sati Bhattacharya, Rajarathinam Parthasarathy
Summary: This study aimed to enhance understanding of settling dynamics in viscoelastic fluids by developing a semi-empirical correlation and a dimensionless ratio, which accurately described the characteristics of settling suspensions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Antti I. Koponen, Janika Viitala, Atsushi Tanaka, Baranivignesh Prakash, Olli-Ville Laukkanen, Ari Jasberg
Summary: This study focuses on the development of foam application chemicals for the paper and board industry. The research explores the rheology of the polyvinyl alcohol foam used in the process. Measurements were conducted to determine the foam viscosity and slip flow. The results suggest that slip flow contributes significantly to the total flow rate, and the obtained viscosity and slip models provide a solid foundation for industrial processes.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dalei Sun, Jinghui Cai, Yating Yang, Zhiwu Liang
Summary: In this study, Fe-doped alpha-Bi2O3 catalysts with different Fe/Bi molar ratios were synthesized and utilized in the carbonylation of isobutyl amine with CO2. The results showed that Fe doping significantly enhanced the catalytic abilities of alpha-Bi2O3.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yuan Tian, Xinxin Wang, Yanrong Liu, Wenping Hu
Summary: This paper predicts the solubility of nitrogen gas in ionic liquids (ILs) using two quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models. By combining machine learning methods and ionic fragments contribution method, the accuracy and reliability of the prediction models are improved.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Liwang Wang, Wei Liu, Pan Yang, Yulong Chang, Xiaoxu Duan, Lingyu Xiao, Yaoming Hu, Jiwei Wu, Liang Ma, Hualin Wang
Summary: This study investigates the effective phase interfacial area (ae) of hydro-jet cyclones at different injection angles. The results show that a 45 degrees upward incidence angle yields the most favorable flow field characteristics for efficient mass transfer. The significant enhancement in ae of the hydro-jet cyclones offers the advantage of reducing equipment volume and cost savings.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chuanjun Wu, Jiangzhi Chen, Jiyue Sun, I-Ming Chou, Shenghua Mei, Juezhi Lin, Lei Jiang
Summary: In this study, the solubility of H2S hydrate in water was measured using Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the solubility increases with temperature under certain equilibrium conditions, and the solubility also depends on pressure and temperature under different equilibrium conditions. A thermodynamic model based on the van der Waals-Platteeuw theory was developed to predict the solubility, demonstrating its accuracy.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lorenzo Brivio, Serena Meini, Mattia Sponchioni, Davide Moscatelli
Summary: This study investigates the influence of three main parameters and proposes a kinetic model to predict the optimal operating conditions for high yield of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) in the chemical recycling process of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hongju Lin, Fanhui Liao, Yanchang Chu, Mingyu Xie, Lun Pan, Yuanyuan Wang, Lijian Leng, Donghai Xu, Le Yang, Gangfeng Ouyang
Summary: A honeycomb NiCo/C-Na catalyst with a micro-meso-macroporous structure has been fabricated and shown to have significantly higher catalytic activity for the decarboxylation of fatty acids. It also proves to be efficient in upgrading sludge HTL bio-crude, resulting in a biofuel with decreased viscosity and increased density.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xiaoxian Li, Rui Li, Min Lin, Mingde Yang, Yulong Wu
Summary: A series of coated non-noble metal porous carbon catalysts were synthesized and applied to the aqueous-phase deoxygenation of algal bio-oil. One of the catalysts showed excellent deoxygenation selectivity and catalytic activity at 250 degrees C. The catalyst exhibited good hydrothermal stability and the reaction mechanism was proposed based on product analysis and active site analysis.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
M. V. Chudakova, M. V. Popov, P. A. Korovchenko, E. O. Pentsak, A. R. Latypova, P. B. Kurmashov, A. A. Pimenov, E. A. Tsilimbaeva, I. S. Levin, A. G. Bannov, A. V. Kleymenov
Summary: A series of catalysts with different potassium contents were prepared using solution combustion synthesis and characterized using various techniques. The results showed that the potassium content affected the phase composition and texture of the catalysts. The addition of a small amount of potassium resulted in a change in particle size distribution, leading to higher hydrogen yield. The Ni-1%K2O/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited the highest hydrogen yield at temperatures of 675 and 750 degrees Celsius.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Aliakbar Roosta, Nima Rezaei
Summary: In this study, we modified the electrolyte cubic plus association equation of state (e-CPA EoS) and integrated it with two electrical conductivity models to estimate the electrical conductivity of 11 monovalent electrolyte solutions in water. The modified e-CPA model demonstrated better performance and the hybridization with electrical conductivity models resulted in two predictive models for estimating the electrical conduction of dilute and concentrated electrolyte solutions. These predictive models showed relative average percentage deviations (AARD) of 11.15% and 13.87% over wide ranges of temperature and electrolyte concentration.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Haoren Niu, Jianzheng Wang, Qingzhu Jia, Qiang Wang, Jin Zhao, Fangyou Yan
Summary: A study developed two quantitative structure-property relationship models for the complexation performance of alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins and validated their stability and predictive ability through internal and external validation. The models showed robustness and satisfactory performance, as demonstrated by the experimental results and model validations. These models can effectively predict the binding constants between cyclodextrins and various types of molecules, providing valuable tools for cyclodextrin design.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2024)
