Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jonas Wentrup, Georg R. Pesch, Jorg Thoming
Summary: This review provides an overview of recent experimental and simulation studies on dynamic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) operation and summarizes the main findings. The results suggest that dynamic operation might not be as challenging as previously assumed and can potentially enhance diesel production.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Freek Kapteijn, Jacob A. Moulijn
Summary: This perspective paper provides a brief overview of the past developments in structured catalysts and reactors, highlighting the potential for process intensification, energy and materials efficiency. It also discusses current exciting new developments for demanding processes and suggests directions that contribute to a future sustainable chemical industry.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Jing Tan, Ya-Ni Ji, Wen-Sheng Deng, Yue-Feng Su
Summary: Trickle bed reactors (TBRs) are widely used in gas/liquid/solid catalytic reactions due to their flexibility and simplicity, but they suffer from inefficiencies and hot spots caused by non-uniform fluid distribution and incomplete wetting of the catalyst. Process intensification in TBRs is necessary to meet the current and future demands of the chemical industry.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Gonzalo Vega, Asuncion Quintanilla, Pablo Lopez, Manuel Belmonte, Jose A. Casas
Summary: This paper compares the performance of three different reactors in the catalytic phenol oxidation reaction, and finds that the use of mechanical stirring in three-dimensional monolithic reactors can solve the external mass transport limitation caused by oxygen bubbles. It also reveals the impact of wall porosity on catalyst stability.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Himanshu Goyal, Tai-Ying Chen, Weiqi Chen, Dionisios G. Vlachos
Summary: Microwaves offer an alternative heating method and process intensification in multiphase reactors. However, the mechanism of how microwaves affect chemical processes is still debated, highlighting the need for further research in experimental and modeling studies to bridge this gap. Promising results have been shown by recent modeling studies, indicating the potential for comprehensive understanding and optimization of microwave multiphase reactors through a combination of experimental and modeling tools.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Shujun Geng, Zai-Sha Mao, Qingshan Huang, Chao Yang
Summary: Pneumatically agitated slurry reactors, such as bubble column reactors and airlift loop reactors, play a crucial role in gas-liquid-solid multiphase reactions. They offer low shear stress, excellent mixing, and efficient mass/heat transfer properties, making them widely used in biological fermentation and energy chemical industries. To enhance performance and meet industrial demands, process intensification is essential.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Himanshu Goyal
Summary: This article discusses the significant challenges hindering the development and deployment of microwave multiphase reactors and the opportunities for further research. Structured reactors are emphasized as a canonical setup for experiments and modeling.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Austin Morales, Praveen Bollini, Michael P. Harold
Summary: Periodic operation of chemical reactors can enhance reactant conversion and product selectivity. This study presents a simple method to establish the relationship between isothermal point reaction enhancement and dynamic and kinetic parameters during low frequency operation. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can predict integral conversion enhancement for ideal reactors.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lingqing Yan, Thomas F. Edgar, Michael Baldea
Summary: This article discusses using dynamic process intensification (DPI) as a strategy to improve energy efficiency in distillation processes, demonstrating through a case study on a hydrocarbon mixture that DPI can significantly reduce reboiler energy consumption compared to steady-state operation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yi Ouyang, Geraldine J. Heynderickx, Kevin M. Van Geem
Summary: The use of intensified equipment in the chemical industry faces obstacles. This paper proposes a methodology perspective based on coupling lab experiments, simulations, and assessment to accelerate process intensification technology.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
John Lowd, Theodore Tsotsis, Vasilios I. Manousiouthakis
Summary: The novel membrane storage reactor process intensifies production of a desired species through dynamic operation and physically distinct domains, demonstrating superior performance compared to a reactor operating at steady state.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Florent Minette, Luis Calamote de Almeida, Sanjiv Ratan, Juray De Wilde
Summary: Structured catalytic reactors, such as ZoneFlow(TM) reactors, were experimentally measured for pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient, showing a potential for improved heat transfer performance compared to conventional pellets at similar pressure drops.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Laura Andrea Villada Atehortua, Mario Andres Noriega Valencia, Javier Fontalvo Alzate, Oscar Andres Prado-Rubio
Summary: This study investigates the use of dynamic pervaporation as a strategy to enhance ethanol separation performance. A mathematical model is developed and tuned using experimental data, and a sensitivity analysis is performed. The results show that periodic operation significantly increases the ethanol flux.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Azis Boing Sitanggang, Anja Drews, Matthias Kraume
Summary: Enzymatic membrane reactors (EMRs) are increasingly used in biotechnology, (bio)chemistry, agro-food, and energy sectors due to their feasibility of running continuous enzymatic reaction and product separation in a single operation. This review discusses available designs of EMRs based on membrane functions, hydrodynamic and filtration characteristics, and outlines various applications of EMRs in agro-food, pharmaceutical, environmental, and energy sectors. Fouling, a well-known problem in membrane technology, and its circumventions in size-exclusion EMR are critically discussed.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Luis Humberto Lopez-Murillo, Victor Hugo Grisales-Diaz, Manuel Pinelo, Oscar Andres Prado-Rubio
Summary: Concentration polarization and fouling are key issues in designing ultrafiltration and microfiltration units, and dynamic operation can enhance separation performance. Two hybrid mathematical models were developed and tuned to predict the behavior of the polarization layer in dynamic UF. Experimental results and developed models indicate that dynamic operation intensifies system performance without decreasing membrane flux.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ariana Bampouli, Ioanna Tzortzi, Anthony de Schutter, Konstantina Xenou, Guillaume Michaud, Georgios D. Stefanidis, Tom Van Gerven
Summary: This work investigates the influence of reactant quality and reaction conditions on the production of HEURs and selected prepolymers without solvents. It is found that polyol water concentration hinders the main urethane forming reaction, emphasizing the importance of carefully drying reactants. Increasing mixing speed, reaction temperature, and catalyst concentration can enhance the rate of molecular weight buildup, but their impact diminishes over time.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Emine Kayahan, Ulderico Di Caprio, Annelot Van den Bogaert, Mohammed N. Khan, Metin Bulut, Leen Braeken, Tom Van Gerven, M. Enis Leblebici
Summary: This study investigates the effects of using pure MEA in a spray column on mass transfer coefficient and absorption efficiency. The results show that increasing liquid flow rate and MEA concentration can improve the mass transfer coefficient. In addition, it is found that the inlet CO2 to MEA molar ratio greatly affects the absorption efficiency.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ioanna Tzortzi, Christos Xiouras, Chrysovalantis Tserpes, Andromachi Tzani, Anastasia Detsi, Tom Van Gerven, Georgios D. Stefanidis
Summary: This study investigates the effect of microwave heating on the synthesis and pretreatment steps of HEURs. The results show that microwaves can significantly reduce processing time and energy consumption. However, PEG pretreatment/dehydration by microwaves leads to faster degradation of PEG and should be avoided.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ruben M. M. Dewes, Yanshen Zhu, Valentina Dami, Giovanni Baldi, Erin Koos, Tom Van Gerven
Summary: Ultrasound technology can significantly reduce the production time of nano-TiO2, especially when precursors with long alkoxide chains are used.
JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Cedric Devos, Elena Brozzi, Tom Van Gerven, Simon Kuhn
Summary: In this study, a proof-of-concept modular nucleation section for seeded multiphase flow crystallization of an active pharmaceutical ingredient is presented. The setup can be operated in four different modes and provides insights into design and operation of crystallization processes. The study evaluates the performance of off-line continuous seeding, the yields of seeded and unseeded crystallization, the clogging behavior of the continuous microcrystallizer, and the effect of seeds and microbubbles on crystal size distribution.
ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Biographical-Item
Acoustics
C. Argirusis, C. L. Bianchi, D. Boffito, P. Bra, P. Cintas, G. Cravotto, E. Flores, J. Y. Hihn, N. H. Ince, D. Kobayashi, J. Lee, J. M. Leveque, R. Mettin, A. Muthupandian, S. Nikitenko, B. Pollet, K. Suslick, T. Van Gerven
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ulderico Di Caprio, Min Wu, Florence Vermeire, Tom Van Gerven, Peter Hellinckx, Steffen Waldherr, Emine Kayahan, M. Enis Leblebici
Summary: To mitigate the catastrophic impact of global warming, reducing CO2 emissions is crucial. The most advanced technology for reducing industrial CO2 emissions is the absorption of CO2 into aqueous mono-ethanolamine (MEA) solutions. While spray columns offer advantages such as reduced corrosion and enhanced mass transfer coefficients, there is currently no model available to predict these coefficients in spray columns.
JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Serkan Solmaz, Liesbeth Kester, Tom Van Gerven
Summary: Virtual reality is a valuable tool for engineering education and training, helping to reduce barriers to understanding difficult concepts. In this study, the Virtual Garage, a virtual reality application with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, was developed to address challenges in engineering education. The prototype was well-received by graduate students and further improvements were identified to enhance the VR experience with CFD simulations.
EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mathias Jacobs, Amer Hakki, Leen C. J. Thomassen, Simon Kuhn, Tom Van Gerven, Enis Leblebici
Summary: Photo-assisted methanol reforming was used to produce hydrogen as an alternative to catalytic steam reforming. 1wt.% Au/TiO2 was used as a photocatalyst and immobilized on beads or plates. The optimized system showed significantly higher hydrogen production compared to previous studies using beads as catalyst support, and it was also more energy efficient.
APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yafei Mao, Xing Yang, Tom Van Gerven
Summary: In recent years, the hybrid technology of CO2 capture-mineral carbonation (CCMC) using alkaline streams has become popular. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the choice of amine types and sensitivity of parameters in the simultaneous CCMC process. In this study, we investigated the CCMC process using different amines and found that DEAE is the ideal choice due to its high carbonation efficiency and low sensitivity to temperature. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for future CCMC processes. This technology could contribute to carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) efforts in achieving carbon neutrality.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ioanna Tzortzi, Christos Xiouras, Chrysi Choustoulaki, Andromachi Tzani, Anastasia Detsi, Guillaume Michaud, Tom Van Gerven, Georgios D. D. Stefanidis
Summary: In this work, the synthesis processes of hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethanes (HEURs) were investigated. It was found that the two-step method allows for higher molecular weight polymers with less toxic diisocyanates compared to the conventional one-step method. The addition timepoint of the end-capping agent can be tailored to achieve HEURs with a wide range of molecular weight and polydispersity index. Efficient end-capping of high molecular weight polymers remains a challenge and alternative mixing technologies should be considered.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Philippe Chan, Tom Van Gerven, Jean-Luc Dubois, Kristel Bernaerts
Summary: Safety training is necessary in high-risk industries, and VR serious games can be used as a hands-on training tool to motivate and engage trainees. However, complicated usability and unfamiliarity with VR technology can affect trainees' autonomous motivation for safety training.
Article
Acoustics
Ariana Bampouli, Quinten Goris, Jonas Van Olmen, Serkan Solmaz, Mohammed Noorul Hussain, Georgios D. Stefanidis, Tom Van Gerven
Summary: In this work, the effect of viscosity on ultrasound field was investigated experimentally and numerically by sonication of mixtures with increasing viscosity using an ultrasonic horn at 30 kHz. The study qualitatively and semiquantitatively examined the impact of higher viscosity on acoustic pressure distribution using sonochemiluminescence and quantified acoustic streaming effects using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). A numerical model was developed to predict cavitationally active zones, considering both thermoviscous and cavitation based attenuation. The results showed two cavitation zones and a decrease in intensity with increasing viscosity. The findings have important implications for the design and modeling of horn based sonochemical reactors.
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Cedric Devos, Anja Vananroye, Ruth Cardinaels, Christos Xiouras, Tom Van Gerven, Simon Kuhn
Summary: Cooling crystallization of small organic molecules is important for drug product separation. This study investigates shear-induced nucleation in a parallel plate geometry and reveals the connection between nucleation and the formation of circular crystalline patterns. The results show that nucleation occurs preferentially in high shear rate zones at the outer edges of the plates. The study also proposes a new mechanism involving stick-slip motion and surface modification to control pattern formation.
Proceedings Paper
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Pedro Santos Bartolome, Tom Van Gerven
Summary: There is abundant literature on game-based learning for engineering education, but limited research on engineering educational games designed using pedagogical principles. This article presents 17 guidelines validated for classroom settings that can be directly applied into pedagogical game design, with a demonstration applied to the design of a pedagogical game for Vapor-Liquid equilibrium.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2022 IEEE GLOBAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION CONFERENCE (EDUCON 2022)
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Laura L. Trinkies, Marlene Crone, Michael Tuerk, Manfred Kraut, Roland Dittmeyer
Summary: In this study, mono- and bimetallic Pd and Pt catalysts were deposited via supercritical fluid reactive deposition (SFRD) on TiO2 coated additively manufactured substrates. The focus of this work was to evaluate the suitability of these catalysts for the direct synthesis of H2O2 in the liquid phase. The results showed that all catalysts exhibited high activity and productivity, with PdPt bimetallic catalysts showing the highest productivity and an increase in Pd loading leading to a decrease in productivity. Comparison with literature data demonstrated the high suitability of the SFRD method for the proposed application, with the added benefits of simplicity and environmental friendliness in catalyst production.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiongbao Hu, Zuguo Shen, Yu Wang
Summary: It is impossible to control the outer wall temperature of the micro-combustor below the maximum allowable temperature of commercial thermoelectric generators simply through increasing the equivalent heat transfer coefficient. Three simple strategies were developed to improve temperature uniformity, yet none of them could ensure full temperature control.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2024)