Article
Engineering, Chemical
Benedikt Finke, Marcel Schrader, Arno Kwade, Carsten Schilde
Summary: This paper presents stress and process models for dispersing processes in laminar shear flow. A methodology is developed based on investigations of kneaders to model the dispersing process using a stress model and a population balance model. The results indicate that the specific energy input plays a crucial role in the dispersing progress. The population balance model is required to obtain parameters for the stress model. This study has important implications for scale-up, process control, and process design.
ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tsubasa Kashino, Masanori Hosoyamada, Rena Haruki, Naoyuki Harada, Nobuhiro Yanai, Nobuo Kimizuka
Summary: The study presents the first example of achieving efficient and air-stable photon upconversion in rigid epoxy resins by homogeneously dispersing emitter molecules without aggregation in the resin. This innovative approach opens up new possibilities for real-world applications.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. M. Simunin, A. S. Voronin, Yu. V. Fadeev, S. S. Dobrosmyslov, A. A. Kuular, T. A. Shalygina, K. A. Shabanova, D. Yu. Chirkov, S. Yu. Voronina, S. V. Khartov
Summary: This paper investigates the effects of adding alumina nanofibers on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin. It is found that the addition of alumina nanofibers can increase the flexural strength of the resin, but exceeding a certain threshold leads to a decrease in strength. Furthermore, adding nanofibers lowers the resin's glass transition temperature, indicating a decrease in molecular weight.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Congling Shi, Mei Wan, Xiaodong Qian, Jingyun Jing, Keqing Zhou
Summary: In this study, novel hybrid flame retardants containing zinc hydroxystannate and carbon nanotubes (ZHS-CNTs) were synthesized and their structure and morphology were characterized. The flame-retardant and smoke inhibition performance of composites incorporating ZHS, CNTs, and ZHS-CNTs into epoxy resin (EP) were compared and studied. It was found that the EP/ZHS-CNT composites showed the highest improvements in fire resistance and smoke inhibition properties. The synergistic effects between ZHS and CNTs, catalyzing effect of ZHS, and stable network structure of CNTs contributed to the enhanced properties.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Taiki Hoshino, Yasushi Okamoto, Atsushi Yamamoto, Hiroyasu Masunaga
Summary: Epoxy resin is essential in modern industry due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and moldability. This study investigated the microscopic dynamics in the curing process of catalytic epoxy resin under different temperature conditions using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. The results showed that temperature conditions significantly impacted the dynamical heterogeneity and cross-linking density of the cured materials, providing important insights for optimizing curing conditions of various materials.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roberta Bertani, Alessandra Bartolozzi, Alessandro Pontefisso, Marino Quaresimin, Michele Zappalorto
Summary: This work provides a comprehensive overview of the preparation of multifunctional epoxies with improved antimicrobial activity and enhanced mechanical properties through nanomodification. The approaches to achieve antimicrobial activity, methods used to evaluate efficacy, mechanical behaviors of nanomodified epoxies, and the possibility of achieving antimicrobial and mechanical improvement capabilities through nanomodification are discussed. Some examples of mechanical properties of nanomodified polymers and the application of nanoclays in nanomodified epoxies and glass/epoxy composite laminates are also provided.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Muneaki Kurimoto, Takahiro Umemoto, Sigeyoshi Yoshida, Takahiro Mabuchi, Hirotaka Muto
Summary: Removing agglomerations of TiO2 nanofillers can improve the breakdown strength of TiO2/epoxy nanocomposites, especially at low filler concentrations.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Ertan Kosedag, Recep Ekici, Nail Yildiz, Umut Caliskan
Summary: This study investigates the mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites filled with Graphene (Gr) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) nanoparticles. Tensile, compression, and three point bending tests were performed to determine the effects of additive type and weight ratios. The results show that CFRECs with Gr additive exhibit improved tensile properties compared to the unfilled composites, especially at higher filler contents and specific fiber orientations.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dandan Jin, Jinyue Dai, Liyue Zhang, Qing Chen, Xiaoqing Liu
Summary: In order to improve the flammability and brittleness issues of epoxy resin (EP), a series of hyper-branched benzoxazines (HB1.0-HB2.5) were synthesized using DOPO-2OH and Jeffamine T403. The results showed that HB2.0 with the optimized hard/soft segment ratio was the most effective additive for EP. The EP/HB2.0 system exhibited enhanced performance with a 115% increase in impact strength and 5.7 degrees C higher Tg compared to the pristine EP. Impressively, even at a low loading of HB2.0, the modified EP achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating and a LOI value of 30.8%, indicating improved flame retardancy.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoqian Mi, Nuo Liang, Haifeng Xu, Juan Wu, Yu Jiang, Bei Nie, Daohong Zhang
Summary: This review provides an up-to-date overview of toughening methods and mechanisms for epoxy resins, as well as guidance for the sustainable development of epoxy resins in versatile high-tech fields.
PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Richa Chaudhary, Varun Chaudhary, Yoshiyuki Suda, Raju V. Ramanujan, Terry W. J. Steele
Summary: Magnetocuring refers to the curing of epoxy using controlled heating of magnetic nanoparticles, achieving remote, wireless curing without resin overheating. By tuning CNP composition and adding carbon allotropes, SAR can be improved, while electromagnetic shielding, resin conductivity, and viscosity can regulate heat generation and dissipation. Nanocoils and nanotubes of CA enhance heating profiles of epoxy thermosets, leading to activation of magnetocured composites within 180 s under optimized conditions.
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ren Tominaga, Yukihiro Nishimura, Yasuhito Suzuki, Yoshihiro Takeda, Masaru Kotera, Akikazu Matsumoto
Summary: Co-continuous network polymers (CNPs) are a new type of composite material made by filling the continuous pores of a hard epoxy monolith with various low-T-g polymers. The mechanical properties and fractural behavior of CNPs significantly depend on the network structure of the filler polymers, achieving a high strength and toughness through sacrificial fracture mechanism of epoxy-based hard materials with co-continuous network structures.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
M. Kisiel, B. Mossety-Leszczak, B. Strachota, A. Strachota
Summary: This article presents a detailed study of the curing process of liquid crystalline epoxy resin, focusing on selecting optimal crosslinking conditions to achieve a highly anisotropic product. The results show that a combination of low curing temperature, short curing time, and high magnetic induction can create the most anisotropic network. Introduction of graphite-like nanofiller slightly decreases the anisotropy of the polymer network. The optimized curing process allows to obtain highly anisotropic material and shows tendencies between material ordering and curing properties.
EXPRESS POLYMER LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Priyanka Tripathy, Sandhyarani Biswas
Summary: This study investigates the effects of adding calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles to basalt fiber reinforced epoxy (BFRP) composites on their mechanical, thermal, and physical properties. The results show that adding 1 wt% of nanoparticles to the matrix significantly improves the tensile, flexural, impact, and inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS). In addition, the inclusion of 1.5 wt% of nano CaCO3 in the composites leads to better micro-hardness and glass transition temperature.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Nazrul Islam Khan, Sudipta Halder, Subhankar Das, Manjeet S. Goyat
Summary: This study successfully improved the mechanical performance of nanocomposites and hybrid CFRP composites by functionalizing graphitic nanoparticles and incorporating either epoxy or silanization agents.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Laura Gottschalk, Christine Oertel, Nanny Strzelczyk, Jannes Mueller, Jannik Krueger, Wolfgang Haselrieder, Arno Kwade
Summary: Current research focuses on lithium-ion battery cells with high-energy density and good fast charging properties. Increasing mass loadings is one approach to achieve high-energy densities, but thick electrodes face transport limitations that result in performance drop. Overcoming these limitations can be achieved through the use of different active materials and a two-layer coating of the anode to reduce ionic resistance and enable faster lithiation of the anode. This approach has shown promising results in terms of increased electrical conductivity and capacity retention.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nanny Strzelczyk, Laura Gottschalk, Jannes Muller, Arno Kwade
Summary: High energy density lithium-ion batteries are the focus of current research, with the main challenge being fast charging capability. A study on blend anodes of graphite and hard carbon revealed that combining these materials can enhance lithium-ion diffusion and capacity retention.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Timon R. Heyn, Marcel Schrader, Ingo Kampen, Arno Kwade, Karin Schwarz, Julia K. Keppler
Summary: In this study, beta-lactoglobulin solutions were mechanically stressed using glass beads at high temperatures and low pH value to investigate the effect of mechanical stressing and surfaces on amyloid aggregation kinetics. The findings provide valuable insights into the role of specific mechanical factors in facilitating the assembly of building blocks for efficient production of functional amyloid aggregates. The use of different diameters of glass beads and shaking frequencies allowed for the manipulation of mechanical stress energy, which was quantified using CFD-DEM simulations. Surface effects were examined by modifying the hydrophobicity and surface roughness of the glass beads. The analysis of amyloid aggregates and bead surfaces was performed using ThT-assay, AFM, and ATR-FTIR techniques.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Daniel Puckhaber, Anna-Lena Voges, Supriya Rane, Sarah David, Bindhumadhavan Gururajan, Jan Henrik Finke, Arno Kwade
Summary: Modeling the structural and mechanical properties of tablets with multiple components using minimal experimental data is of great interest to minimize time and cost in the development of new tablet formulations. Most available models use compressibility and compactibility of constituent components and mixing rules to predict tablet properties. However, these models are limited to single materials, excluding lubricants. This study combines compaction and lubrication models to systematically predict properties of lubricated multi-component tablets.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kostas Giannis, Arno Kwade, Jan Henrik Finke, Carsten Schilde
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the deformation behavior of non-spherical particles during high-load compaction using the multi-contact discrete element method (MC-DEM). The bonded multi-sphere method (BMS), which incorporates intragranular bonds between particles, and the conventional multi-sphere (CMS), where overlaps between particles are allowed to form a rigid body, were used. The results showed that the BMS method was able to handle large elastic deformations and achieved good agreement with experimental data, while the CMS approach had limitations in capturing the compression behavior of a single rubber sphere.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Karl Vorlaender, Lukas Bahlmann, Arno Kwade, Jan Henrik Finke, Ingo Kampen
Summary: This study investigates the drying of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae via fluidized bed spray granulation and finds that lactose is the most effective carrier material for maintaining microbial viability.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Karl Vorlaender, Paula Pramann, Arno Kwade, Jan Henrik Finke, Ingo Kampen
Summary: In order to ensure the effectiveness of probiotic microorganisms when administered to patients in sufficient doses, dry dosage forms are preferred, particularly tablets. The drying process must be as gentle as possible. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was dried using spray drying and various additives and process parameters were investigated to improve yeast cell survival. The use of protective additives was found to be essential and the outlet temperature during drying determined the survival rate. Subsequent compression of the spray-dried yeast reduced viability, but tabletability of the yeast protectant particles was good, providing insights into cell inactivation during tableting.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Laura Helmers, Finn Frankenberg, Julian Brokmann, Christine Burmeister, Annika Buchheit, Arno Kwade, Peter Michalowski
Summary: To achieve the commercialization of solid-state batteries, further improvement in the properties of solid electrolytes is needed. The hybrid solid electrolyte approach, which combines different solid electrolyte classes, is being systematically investigated. However, mixing thiophosphate or oxide filler particles into the matrix does not improve the electrochemical properties. Silanization of the thiophosphate filler particles significantly increases the ionic conductivity, and the surface structure of the filler particles affects the overall conductivity of the hybrid solid electrolyte. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored filler design in solid-state battery applications.
Article
Electrochemistry
Mattis Batzer, Daniel Gundlach, Peter Michalowski, Arno Kwade
Summary: This article introduces the potential of sulfidic solid electrolytes as key elements of solid-state batteries. It also discusses the establishment of an extrusion process for scalable production of separators and cathode suspensions. Through systematic investigation, the article presents improved layers with better adhesive strength, ionic conductivity, and capacity. The Li3PS4-based separators show high ionic conductivity and specific capacity.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Maike S. Wullenweber, Jonathan Kottmeier, Ingo Kampen, Andreas Dietzel, Arno Kwade
Summary: Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) is a passive microfluidic separation method used to separate micron-scale particles based on their size. This study investigates the limitations of DLD under specific conditions by varying particle volume fractions and flow rates in the microsystem. Computational simulations were performed to evaluate the separation efficiency. The results suggest that by limiting the volume fraction to a maximum of 3.6%, the flow rate and separation efficiency can be increased.
Article
Electrochemistry
Alexander Hahn, Stefan Doose, Daniel Saathoff, Arno Kwade
Summary: This study investigates the effect of different external compression on the thermal runaway of battery cells. By performing crush tests on commercially available 5 Ah pouch cells at four different normal stresses, it is found that applying compression not only improves the reproducibility of experiments but also affects the thermal runaway process itself. Decreasing clamping stresses increase the reaction time of thermal runaway by up to 19% and decrease mass ejection by up to 10%, which significantly influences measurable gas concentrations by up to 80%.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Christoph Thon, Marvin Roehl, Somayeh Hosseinhashemi, Arno Kwade, Carsten Schilde
Summary: Since the early 2010s, the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has been growing exponentially, with widespread applications in daily life and industry. In particle technology, there have been successful AI applications for predictive modeling, process control, fault recognition, and mechanistic modeling. However, there is still untapped potential for further adoption and productivity gains compared to other industries.
KONA POWDER AND PARTICLE JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Arno Kwade, Marcel Moeller, Jannes Mueller, Jutta Hesselbach, Sabrina Zellmer, Stefan Doose, Julian Mayer, Peter Michalowski, Malcolm Powell, Sandra Breitung-Faes
Summary: This paper discusses the use of comminution processes and machines in the production of lithium-ion batteries, covering particle breakage, dispersing, and separation. It highlights the importance of raw material production and recycling in the battery manufacturing process, and the need for milling and classification in the synthesis of active materials. The paper also explores the use of mills and classifiers in designing graphite and producing nanosized silicon. Additionally, it emphasizes the dispersion of conductive additives using machines like planetary mixers and stirred media mills.
KONA POWDER AND PARTICLE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Marcella Horst, Julian K. Burmeister, Mozaffar Abdollahifar, Salavatore Pillitteri, Arno Kwade
Summary: This paper introduces a solvent-free low-cost dry coating process for manufacturing high load electrodes and investigates its impact on the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries. The electrodes fabricated through hot-pressing process exhibit high specific capacity and improved rate capability.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
