Chromatin modifications in trypanosomes due to stress

Trypanosomatids are parasites of worldwide distribution with relevant importance in human and veterinary health, which inhabit invertebrate and vertebrate hosts, such that they are exposed to large environmental variations during their life cycle. The signalling mechanisms and molecular basis that lead these parasites to adjust to such distinct conditions are beginning to be understood, and are somehow related to modifications in gene expression. Although the control of gene expression in this group of organisms happens predominantly at the post-transcriptional level, they present modifications in chromatin that has been implicated in transcription initiation, replication and DNA repair. Here, we explore the current scenario of chromatin alterations in these protozoans and how these changes affect transcription, replication and DNA repair in response to environmental modifications.