The Retrovirus/Superantigen Hypothesis of Multiple Sclerosis

Activation of the Long Terminal Repeat of Human Endogenous Retrovirus K by Melanoma-Specific Transcription Factor MITF-M

(2015) Iyoko Katoh et al.   NEOPLASIA

In acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, infiltrating macrophages are immune activated, whereas microglia remain immune suppressed

(2014) I. D. Vainchtein et al.   GLIA

Transcriptional Derepression of the ERVWE1 Locus following Influenza A Virus Infection

(2014) F. Li et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Human endogenous retrovirus type W envelope protein inhibits oligodendroglial precursor cell differentiation

(2013) David Kremer et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Human endogenous retrovirus W family envelope gene activates the small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel in human neuroblastoma cells through CREB

(2013) S. Li et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

Uptake and Intracellular Trafficking of Superantigens in Dendritic Cells

(2013) María B. Ganem et al.   PLoS One

Human Endogenous Retrovirus Protein Activates Innate Immunity and Promotes Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Mice

(2013) Hervé Perron et al.   PLoS One

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) induces Human Endogenous Retrovirus (HERV) transcription

(2013) Alice Assinger et al.   Retrovirology

Activation of elements in HERV-W family by caffeine and aspirin

(2013) Chunlan Liu et al.   VIRUS GENES

Expression and Regulation of the Endogenous Retrovirus 3 in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cells

(2013) Stefanie Kewitz et al.   Frontiers in Oncology

Brain dendritic cells: biology and pathology

(2012) Paul M. D’Agostino et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Oligodendrocytes and the early multiple sclerosis lesion

(2012) John W. Prineas et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Impact of Inflammation on Brain Volume in Multiple Sclerosis

(2012) Jojy Cheriyan   ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY

Multiple Sklerose: Verlangsamt Interferon-beta die Erkrankungsprogression? – Langzeiteffekt von IFN-β auf Behinderungsprogression ist noch nicht belegt

(2012) R. Hohlfeld   DEUTSCHE MEDIZINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT

Regulation of the human endogenous retroviral Syncytin-1 and cell-cell fusion by the nuclear hormone receptors PPARγ/RXRα in placentogenesis

(2012) Matthias Ruebner et al.   JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY

Expression of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Type K (HML-2) Is Activated by the Tat Protein of HIV-1

(2012) M. J. Gonzalez-Hernandez et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

From ancestral infectious retroviruses to bona fide cellular genes: Role of the captured syncytins in placentation

(2012) A. Dupressoir et al.   PLACENTA

Radiation-Induced Human Endogenous Retrovirus (HERV)-RenvGene Expression by Epigenetic Control

(2012) Ja-Rang Lee et al.   RADIATION RESEARCH

Autoimmune disease: A role for new anti-viral therapies?

(2011) David H. Dreyfus   AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS

Molecular mimicry as an inducing trigger for CNS autoimmune demyelinating disease

(2011) Emily M. L. Chastain et al.   IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS

Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis

(2011) Stephen Sawcer et al.   NATURE

Expression of human endogenous retrovirus K is stimulated by ultraviolet radiation in melanoma

(2011) Oliver Schanab et al.   Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research

The Etiology of Multiple Sclerosis: Genetic Evidence for the Involvement of the Human Endogenous Retrovirus HERV-Fc1

(2011) Bjørn A. Nexø et al.   PLoS One

Activation of LTRs from Different Human Endogenous Retrovirus (HERV) Families by the HTLV-1 Tax Protein and T-Cell Activators

(2011) Chirine Toufaily et al.   Viruses-Basel

Roles of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and superantigens on adaptive immune responses during CNS staphylococcal infection

(2010) Debbie Vidlak et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

T-cell subsets of the encephalitis induced by the superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (SEA) in the Lewis rat: An immunohistochemical investigation

(2010) A. Emmer et al.   CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY

Regulation of human endogenous retrovirus-K expression in melanomas by CpG methylation

(2010) Sven Stengel et al.   GENES CHROMOSOMES & CANCER

HERVs in Neuropathogenesis

(2010) Tove Christensen   Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Pathogenic CD8+T cells in multiple sclerosis

(2009) Manuel A. Friese et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Antibodies produced by clonally expanded plasma cells in multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid

(2009) Gregory P. Owens et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

The Human Endogenous Retrovirus Link between Genes and Environment in Multiple Sclerosis and in Multifactorial Diseases Associating Neuroinflammation

(2009) Hervé Perron et al.   CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY

Multiple sclerosis and the major histocompatibility complex

(2009) Sreeram V Ramagopalan et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY

Human herpesvirus-6B induces expression of the human endogenous retrovirus K18-encoded superantigen

(2009) Vanda Lauridsen Turcanova et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY

HHV-6A infection induces expression of HERV-K18-encoded superantigen

(2009) Albert K. Tai et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY

Superantigen-mediated differentiation of bovine monocytes into dendritic cells

(2009) K. S. Seo et al.   JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY

Molecular mechanisms mediated by human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in autoimmunity

(2009) Eva Balada et al.   REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Increased surface toll-like receptor 2 expression in superantigen shock

(2008) Philip A. Hopkins et al.   CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

HIV-1 Tat and morphine have interactive effects on oligodendrocyte survival and morphology

(2008) Kurt F. Hauser et al.   GLIA

Human endogenous retrovirus-K18 Env as a risk factor in multiple sclerosis

(2008) AK Tai et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Cerebral Gene Expression of Superantigen Encephalitis in the Lewis Rat Induced by Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A

(2008) A. Emmer et al.   SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

EBV LMP-2A employs a novel mechanism to transactivate the HERV-K18 superantigen through its ITAM

(2008) Francis C. Hsiao et al.   VIROLOGY