Article
Virology
So-Ri Han, Hetron M. Munang'andu, In-Kyu Yeo, Sung-Hyun Kim
Summary: Bacillus subtilis and its surfactin have the ability to inhibit VHSV infection.
Pre-treatment of fish with Bacillus subtilis can prevent the spread of VHSV infection to internal organs.
Bacillus subtilis has the potential to serve as an antiviral therapeutic agent against different viral infections in aquaculture.
Article
Immunology
Subhra P. Hui, Kotaro Sugimoto, Delicia Z. Sheng, Kazu Kikuchi
Summary: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in the epimorphic regeneration of zebrafish caudal fin tissue by infiltrating into the progenitor cell population and upregulating the expression of specific genes to promote tissue repair and cell proliferation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Yanwen Liu, Hongzhou Jiang
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between fish swimming performance and their body and caudal fin locomotion, identifying patterns of curvature change between high-efficiency and high-speed swimming modes. The research also shows a positive correlation between tail-beat frequency and swimming speed, stride length, and Cost of Transport (COT) when the Reynolds number is in the range of 10(4)-10(6). Furthermore, a comparison among different types of BCF fish reveals insights into the optimal swimming performance of different species.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Zoology
Timo Moritz, Jacqueline Walter, Bianka Grunow, Philipp Thieme
Summary: The distinctive caudal-fin skeleton of gadiforms has long been a puzzle for scientists due to its differences compared to other teleosts. By studying the development of Lota lota, it was found that although there are differences, there are also similarities with other teleosts. The morphology of adult caudal fins of all major gadiform families were also studied and reviewed to understand the evolution of the gadiform caudal fin.
ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jun-Duo Zhang, Hyung Jin Sung, Wei-Xi Huang
Summary: In this study, the hydrodynamic interaction between the large crescent dorsal fin and caudal fin in tuna was numerically explored. The presence of the dorsal fin substantially enhanced the thrust on the caudal fin, and a constructive interaction between the leading-edge vortex on the caudal fin and the vortices shed from the dorsal fin was identified. The flapping phase of the caudal fin and the Strouhal number had an influence on the dorsal fin-caudal fin interaction, while the Reynolds number did not have a substantial effect.
BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julan Kim, Ja Young Cho, Ju-Won Kim, Dong-Gyun Kim, Bo-Hye Nam, Bong-Seok Kim, Woo-Jin Kim, Young-Ok Kim, JaeHun Cheong, Hee Jeong Kong
Summary: PoMaf1 is a global suppressor of RNA polymerase III-dependent transcription, potentially playing a crucial role in the immune response to viral infections in fish. It is expressed in all tissues, with highest levels in eye and muscle tissues. The transcript levels of PoMaf1 decrease during VHSV infection, and its disruption leads to increased VHSV glycoprotein mRNA levels, indicating its involvement in the immune response to VSHV infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Yang Luo, Lu Yu, Zizhao Feng, Qikang Chen, Liqun Lu, Qiya Zhang, Dan Xu
Summary: The study identified 156 differentially expressed virus genes during CyHV-2 infection, with 7 up-regulated and 28 down-regulated at 96 hpi compared to 48 hpi. Proteome analysis detected 78 viral proteins, including membrane proteins and capsid proteins associated with viral assembly. These findings lay a foundation for further investigation on virus gene expression and miRNA regulation of CyHV-2.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Robert M. Jackson, Catherine F. Hatton, Jarmila Stremenova Spegarova, Maria Georgiou, Joseph Collin, Emily Stephenson, Bernard Verdon, Iram J. Haq, Rafiqul Hussain, Jonathan M. Coxhead, Hardeep-Singh Mudhar, Bart Wagner, Megan Hasoon, Tracey Davey, Paul Rooney, C. M. Anjam Khan, Chris Ward, Malcolm Brodlie, Muzlifah Haniffa, Sophie Hambleton, Lyle Armstrong, Francisco Figueiredo, Rachel Queen, Christopher J. A. Duncan, Majlinda Lako
Summary: Conjunctival epithelial cells, the largest exposed epithelium of the ocular surface tissue, may serve as a potential route for SARS-CoV-2 entry. Through the use of an organotypic model and molecular assays, it was found that although conjunctival cells are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, productive infection does not occur. Furthermore, the early innate immune response in conjunctival cells is characterized by robust NF-KB activity without activation of antiviral interferon signaling.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
May Hlaing Win Khin, Shinnosuke Obi
Summary: A 3D fluid-structure coupled simulation is conducted to visualize the flow field around a flexible flapper, representing a caudal fin. The thrust generated by the flapper is quantitatively analyzed at various flapping frequencies to explore the mechanism of thrust generation. The numerical results provide estimates of the motion of the flapper's edges, as well as the pressure distribution and deformation of the flapper. The findings suggest that the relative deformation of the flapper plays a crucial role in the estimation of the flow field and thrust generation. These results may offer new insights for the design of robotic underwater vehicles.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Developmental Biology
Rosalind G. Bump, Camille E. A. Goo, Emma C. Horton, Jeffrey P. Rasmussen
Summary: This study investigates the cellular relationship between nerves, bones, and endothelium using the zebrafish caudal fin as a model. The researchers found that in adult zebrafish, somatosensory axons run through the inside of the bony fin rays, juxtaposed with osteoblasts on the inner hemiray surface. During development, the caudal fin progresses through sequential stages of endothelial plexus formation, bony ray addition, ray innervation, and endothelial remodeling. They also discovered that spr osteoblasts are required for endothelial remodeling and somatosensory axon innervation in the developing fin.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Takafumi Ito, Tohru Mekata, Niels Jorgen Olesen, Niels Lorenzen
Summary: The monoclonal antibody IP5B11 used for diagnosing viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) in fish reacts with all genotypes of VHS virus (VHSV) and also with the carpione rhabdovirus (CarRV). By sequencing the CarRV genome and comparing N protein sequences with five types of fish novirhabdoviruses, the epitope recognized by IP5B11 was identified. Dot blot analysis confirmed that the epitope of IP5B11 is located between amino acids N219 and N233 of the N protein of VHSV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CarRV is a new member of the fish novirhabdoviruses.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Amaro Saco, Magali Rey-Campos, Beatriz Novoa, Antonio Figueras
Summary: In this study, mussels were challenged with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), and the viral load was eliminated after 24 hours. Mussels showed antiviral activity towards VHSV, indicating that the virus was recognized and eliminated by the mussel immune system, confirming that mussels are not VHSV vectors in the marine environment. The study also revealed the involvement of cytoplasmic viral sensors, JAK-STAT pathway activation, and various downstream antiviral effectors in the mussel immune response.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Jing Li, Yousef Sultan, Yaoyi Sun, Shuqiang Zhang, Yang Liu, Xiaoyu Li
Summary: Zebrafish is an ideal model organism for studying tissue regeneration, and this study focused on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of caudal fin regeneration. By analyzing gene expressions and protein levels at different stages of regeneration, the study suggested the involvement of the fish immune system and the potential role of Hsp90 alpha in initiating and promoting fin regeneration.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Gilbert Audira, Jong-Chin Huang, Kelvin H. -C. Chen, Kevin Adi Kurnia, Ross D. Vasquez, Marri Jmelou M. Roldan, Yu-Heng Lai, Chung-Der Hsiao, Cheng-Yo Yen
Summary: The usage of zebrafish for pain studies has increased recently, and this study evaluated the effects of different analgesics on the behavior of fin-amputated zebrafish. Five painkillers were found to potentially improve the behavior of amputated fish. The combination of indomethacin and diclofenac showed prominent effects in recovering zebrafish behaviors.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Troy J. Kieran, Juliana DaSilva, Thomas J. Stark, Ian A. York, Claudia Pappas, John R. Barnes, Taronna R. Maines, Jessica A. Belser
Summary: Influenza A virus (IAV) can infect various tissues beyond the respiratory tract, causing complications such as conjunctivitis or gastrointestinal disease. Studies on within-host assessments of genetic diversity are usually limited to respiratory tract cells, but it is important to consider the variation in selective pressures due to different anatomical sites of infection. This study examined the viral diversity and genetic mutations of IAV in tissues from different organ systems, providing insights into the dynamics of virus evolution within a human host. Rating: 8/10
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Shawna L. Semple, George Heath, Carina T. Filice, Daniel D. Heath, Brian Dixon
Summary: The study assessed the immune performance of inbred and outbred/hybrid crosses of Chinook salmon after challenge with the marine pathogen Vibrio anguillarum. Significant differences in mortality were observed between different crosses, with hybrids showing better survival having more individuals with a heterozygous genotype. Additionally, stress induced during infection resulted in signs of Bacterial Kidney Disease in some individuals, suggesting chronic co-infection may have contributed to susceptibility.
AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biology
Carolina Figueroa, Debora Torrealba, Byron Morales-Lange, Luis Mercado, Brian Dixon, Pablo Conejeros, Gabriela Silva, Carlos Soto, Jose A. Gallardo
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of two commercial vaccines against two prevalent genetic variants of Piscirickettsia salmonis. The vaccines were found to be ineffective in providing protection. Further research is needed to explore the impact of pathogen heterogeneity on vaccine efficacy.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wenwen Cai, Hugh J. MacIsaac, Runbing Xu, Jinlong Zhang, Xiaofu Pan, Yuanwei Zhang, Junxing Yang, Brian Dixon, Jiaojiao Li, Yuanyan Zi, Xuexiu Chang
Summary: This study investigated the neurotoxicity and toxicity mechanisms of Microcystis aeruginosa exudates (MaE) on embryos of the endangered fish Sinocyclocheilus grahami. The results showed that MaE affected the development of fish embryos, leading to malformation and mortality while decreasing fertilization rate. MaE also inhibited fish neurobehavior and affected gene and protein expression of neurotransmitters and receptors.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Joseph F. A. Varga, Sascha R. Brunner, Grant Cheng, Daniel Min, Marc G. Aucoin, Andrew C. Doxey, Brian Dixon
Summary: In this study, a novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP) derived from rainbow trout von Willebrand Factor was identified using computational methods, showing antibacterial activity against Streptococcus iniae. The findings improve understanding of fish immune responses towards zoonotic pathogens.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Bruno F. E. Matarese, Hassan Rahmoune, Nguyen T. K. Vo, Colin B. Seymour, Paul N. Schofield, Carmel Mothersill
Summary: This study characterizes the emission of acoustic waves from cultured cells exposed to X-ray photon radiation. Acoustic signals were recorded using an ultrasound transducer before, during, and after irradiation. The results show that radiation dose rate and cell viability affect the acoustic signal characteristics. Live and dead cells exhibit different acoustic signal patterns.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Adriano A. P. Cunha, Shawn R. Garner, Erin Ingoldsby, Brian Dixon, Scott A. MacDougall-Shackleton, Rosemary Knapp, Bryan D. Neff
Summary: Prolactin and 11-ketotestosterone are important reproductive hormones in fishes, but our experiment on bluegill fish showed no significant relationship between these hormones and immunocompetence measures.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huming Guo, Lindy Whitehouse, Roy Danzmann, Brian Dixon
Summary: Higher water temperatures and pathogens have negative effects on the welfare of teleost fish. Early-life thermal preconditioning can improve thermotolerance, but its effects on the immune system are not well understood. In this experiment, thermal preconditioned rainbow trout were subjected to a secondary thermal challenge and various measurements were taken. The results showed changes in transcript levels and lower cortisol levels in the preconditioned animals compared to the control group.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Fuguo Liu, Brian Dixon, Maria del Mar Ortega-Villaizan, Carolina Tafalla, Hongsen Xu, Christopher J. Secombes, Tiehui Wang
Summary: This study compared the gene expression profiles of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines in eight different rainbow trout cell lines, including three epithelial cell lines, one endothelial cell line, one fibroblast cell line, two stromal cell lines, and one monocyte/macrophage-like cell line. The study found that certain cytokines were mainly expressed in leukocytes, while others were not expressed in these cells. The investigation of these cell lines provides a valuable database for studying cytokine function in fish and confirms the phenotypic relationship of these cell types at the molecular level.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Vimbai Irene Machimbirike, Ignacio Vasquez, Trung Cao, Joy Chukwu-Osazuwa, Oluwatoyin Onireti, Cristopher Segovia, Pongsak Khunrae, Triwit Rattanarojpong, Marije Booman, Simon Jones, Manuel Soto-Davila, Brian Dixon, Javier Santander
Summary: This study investigates the genetic differences and evolution of the most common fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum serotype O1. The O1 strain has two chromosomes and two typical plasmids. Furthermore, the O1 strain displays resistance to colistin sulphate, which differs from the O2 serotype and may be attributed to the ugd gene. The study also reveals that the genetic heterogeneity in the O-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster is characterized by the absence or presence of unique genes, which could result in differences in immune evasion mechanisms among serotypes.
Article
Fisheries
Valentina Wong-Benito, Jill de Rijke, Brian Dixon
Summary: This article summarizes the structural and functional aspects of antigen presentation pathways in vertebrates, with a focus on MHC receptors and other related proteins.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Aaron P. Frenette, Tania Rodriguez-Ramos, Fabio Zanuzzo, Devyn Ramsay, Shawna L. Semple, Cheryl Soulliere, Tania Rodriguez-Cornejo, George Heath, Emily McKenzie, Jack Iwanczyk, Mark Bruder, Marc G. Aucoin, A. Kurt Gamperl, Brian Dixon
Summary: In this study, a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to accurately measure the concentration of IL-1 beta protein in salmonids. By comparing changes in IL-1 beta protein levels to the expression of its mRNA, a more accurate and complete understanding of IL-1 beta's role in the immune response of salmonids can be achieved.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Nguyen T. K. Vo, Eric Leis, Stephanie J. DeWitte-Orr
Summary: This study investigates the innate immune response in bullfrog tadpoles, particularly focusing on the biology of class-A scavenger receptors (SR-As) and their responsiveness to dsRNA. The researchers found that the bullfrog tadpole cell line BullTad-leg expresses functional SR-As and can exhibit cytotoxicity in response to poly IC treatment. These findings shed new light on the innate immune response in bullfrog tadpoles and its potential implications for viral infections.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Paulina Bustos, Carolina Figueroa, Barbara Cadiz, Tamara Santander, Brian Dixon, Jose A. Gallardo, Pablo Conejeros
Summary: Recently, it was found that Atlantic salmon vaccinated against Piscirickettsia salmonis lose their protection when co-infected with Caligus rogercresseyi. The reasons for this effect and the molecular basis of the immune responses in vaccinated salmon during C. rogercresseyi infection have not been determined. In this study, changes in immune gene expression were investigated in vaccinated Atlantic salmon co-infected with C. rogercresseyi and P. salmonis. The results showed that the co-infection had a similar effect on immune gene expression as a single P. salmonis infection, suggesting a decreased cellular response. However, some individual fish exhibited a significantly higher immune response, indicating variation in vaccine efficacy.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Janet Velazquez, Tania Rodriguez-Cornejo, Tania Rodriguez-Ramos, Geysi Perez-Rodriguez, Laura Rivera, James Hugh Campbell, Lowia Al-Hussinee, Yamila Carpio, Mario Pablo Estrada, Brian Dixon
Summary: PACAP has been found to have antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects in fish, making it a potential alternative to antibiotics in the aquaculture industry. The study demonstrates that PACAP can directly inhibit bacterial growth and pre-treatment with low concentrations of the peptide significantly suppresses infection.
Article
Fisheries
James Hugh Campbell, Xiaoqing Dang, Tania Rodriguez-Ramos, Yamila Carpio, Mario P. Estrada, Brian Dixon
Summary: Recent research suggests that PACAP may be a potential antimicrobial and immune stimulating agent for use in aquaculture. However, its effects on teleost immunity are not well understood. This study explored the effects of PACAP on Atlantic salmon macrophage cells and found that it increased the expression of il-1beta when administered prior to LPS stimulation. Furthermore, PACAP also increased the expression of il-1beta and tnf-alpha in cells challenged with heat-killed Flavobacterium columnare. The study also investigated the mechanism underlying the enhanced il-1beta expression and found that it was not mediated by cAMP accumulation, but rather by phospholipase C activity. These findings suggest that fish may utilize PACAP receptors differently than mammals, but PACAP still exhibits immunostimulatory effects in fish.
FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)