Review
Plant Sciences
Jeremy Astier, Jordan Rossi, Pauline Chatelain, Agnes Klinguer, Angelique Besson-Bard, Claire Rosnoblet, Sylvain Jeandroz, Valerie Nicolas-Frances, David Wendehenne
Summary: The study of nitric oxide in embryophytes and algae has deepened our understanding of its biological functions, including its production pathways, signaling networks, and regulated proteins. Interestingly, while some algae have a conserved nitric oxide synthase, the typical NO-cyclic GMP signaling module is not found in algae or embryophytes, showing a divergent acquisition of NO signaling between green and animal lineages.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hua Wu, Xue-qin Lin, Yu Long, Jing Wang
Summary: Osteoporosis, a skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone mineral density, is becoming more prevalent in an aging population. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has shown potential in promoting bone homeostasis by stimulating osteogenesis and bone absorption. However, there is still limited development in the clinical application of CGRP for osteoporosis treatment.
Article
Immunology
Xuan Zhang, Jiali Cao, Siqi Zhao, Xutong Yang, Jie Dong, Yaqi Tan, Teng Yu, Yanling He
Summary: This study reveals the essential role of sensory neuron-derived CGRP in IMQ-induced IL-23 expression. Neuron-derived CGRP expression is completely abolished by sensory denervation, thereby downregulating IL-23 expression, which can be reversed through the introduction of CGRP into the denervated skin. Neociceptive sensory neurons may drive the production of IL-23, resulting in IL-17A production from gamma delta T cells via neuropeptide CGRP in psoriasis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Simon Akerman, Daniela Salvemini, Marcela Romero-Reyes
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role of reactive nitroxidative species in the mechanisms of migraine and identified peroxynitrite as a potential effective target for migraine treatment. Targeting reactive nitroxidative species with drugs can alleviate migraine-related pain responses.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adriano Bonura, Nicoletta Brunelli, Marilena Marcosano, Gianmarco Iaccarino, Luisa Fofi, Fabrizio Vernieri, Claudia Altamura
Summary: The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide with complex systemic impact beyond nociception. It plays a crucial role in vasodilation, inflammation, intestinal motility, and apoptosis. CGRP has contradictory effects, acting as a potent vasodilator in the cardiovascular system but not inducing arterial hypertension. It also exhibits both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects as an immunomodulator.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qichang Wang, Haotian Qin, Jiapeng Deng, Huihui Xu, Su Liu, Jian Weng, Hui Zeng
Summary: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid peptide initially known for its vasodilatory and nociceptive effects. Recent research has revealed its close association with bone metabolism and shown CGRP to be a bridge between the nervous system and the skeletal muscle system. CGRP can promote osteogenesis, inhibit bone resorption, stimulate vascular growth, and regulate the immune microenvironment. Various signaling pathways, including the G protein-coupled pathway, MAPK, Hippo, and NF-κB, play a role in CGRP's effects on cell proliferation and differentiation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the bone repair effects of CGRP and discusses therapeutic approaches such as drug injection, gene editing, and novel bone repair materials.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Julien Pujo, Giada De Palma, Jun Lu, Heather J. J. Galipeau, Michael G. G. Surette, Stephen M. M. Collins, Premysl Bercik
Summary: Abdominal pain is common in gastrointestinal disorders, and gut microbiota and sex both play a role in determining visceral sensitivity. Germ-free mice displayed greater pain responses to colorectal distension, and the production of CGRP was higher in germ-free mice, especially in females.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ilana D. Breen, Caitlin M. Brumfiel, Meera H. Patel, Richard J. Butterfield, Juliana H. VanderPluym, Leroy Griffing, Mark R. Pittelkow, Aaron R. Mangold
Summary: The study found that microvascular complications of CGRP antagonist use in patients with underlying RP are uncommon, but caution is still needed when considering the use of these agents in these patients.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Michael L. Garelja, Tyla I. Alexander, Amy Bennie, Mhairi Nimick, Jakeb Petersen, Christopher S. Walker, Debbie L. Hay
Summary: This study demonstrates that erenumab can antagonize both CGRP and AMY(1) receptors, providing insights into the clinical profile of erenumab.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Stephen E. Mercer, Prasad V. Chaturvedula, Charles M. Conway, Deborah A. Cook, Carl D. Davis, Sokhom S. Pin, Robert Macci, Richard Schartman, Laura J. Signor, Kimberly A. Widmann, Valerie J. Whiterock, Ping Chen, Cen Xu, John J. Herbst, Walter A. Kostich, George Thalody, John E. Macor, Gene M. Dubowchik
Summary: CGRP receptor antagonist zavegepant has demonstrated efficacy in acute migraine treatment but with low oral bioavailability. By designing a series of compounds, researchers have successfully improved oral bioavailability of a compound while maintaining high affinity binding and in vivo efficacy.
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Yixuan Jiang, Zhanfeng Zhu, Bin Wang, Ying Yuan, Qin Zhang, Yanxi Li, Yu Du, Ping Gong
Summary: This study reveals the important role of neuronal TRPV1 in regulating bone defect repair. Activation of TRPV1 triggers the production of CGRP, leading to accelerated bone healing. In contrast, knockdown of TRPV1 reduces CGRP expression and impairs bone formation and osteogenic capability. Neuronal TRPV1 enhances osteoblast physiology through the Hippo signaling pathway.
CELLULAR SIGNALLING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-hao Zhang, Xiao-bo Zhang, Yu-bao Lu, Yi-cun Hu, Xiang-yi Chen, De-chen Yu, Jin-tao Shi, Wen-huan Yuan, Jing Wang, Hai-yu Zhou
Summary: This study found that the expression of CGRP in the femur of osteoporotic patients was downregulated, while the expression of CGRP and serotonin in the spinal cord and brainstem was increased. These results suggest that the activation of osteoclasts may trigger the release of CGRP from sensory nerve fibers and promote serotonin release in the spinal cord and brainstem, contributing to bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Twan Sia, Taylor Webb, Shufeng Li, Leon S. Moskatel, Anne Lynn S. Chang
Summary: This exploratory retrospective study examined the effect of CGRP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on rosacea in patients with migraines. The majority of patients experienced improvement in rosacea severity after receiving CGRP mAbs. Prospective, placebo-controlled clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the use of CGRP mAbs in rosacea.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Physiology
Kimberly D. Mackenzie, Mario Ortega, Yoel Kessler, Verena Ramirez Campos, Lynda J. Krasenbaum, Karen Carr, Xiaoping Ning, Jennifer Stratton
Summary: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway-targeted treatments are effective for preventing and treating migraines, but may cause constipation. However, limited data from a review article do not support the claim that constipation occurs in more than 50% of patients treated with CGRP pathway-targeted treatments.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nazia Karsan, Helin Gosalia, Peter J. Goadsby
Summary: Migraine is a common and disabling condition for individuals in their working years, with a lack of effective targeted therapies available. Recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of migraine have allowed for the development of therapies targeting key molecules, such as nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and neuropeptides. This has led to the introduction of treatments, like CGRP inhibitors, which have shown positive outcomes in migraine patients. Further research into nitrergic and peptidergic mechanisms may provide additional therapeutic strategies for migraine in the future.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)