Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yiwei Huang, Yuyun Song, Jichen Li, Changning Lv, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Zhijun Liu
Summary: Human herpes simplex viruses use cell surface receptors such as heparan sulfate, herpesvirus entry mediator, and nectin-1/-2, 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate to enter host cells. No vaccine or curative treatment is currently available for HSV infections.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Qing Fan, Richard Longnecker, Sarah A. Connolly
Summary: The viral fusion protein glycoprotein B (gB) is essential for virus entry in all herpesviruses. By introducing structure-based mutations, researchers identified mutations that counteracted a slow-entry phenotype in the virus and found that these mutations were located in different regions of the gB protein.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Nithya Jambunathan, Carolyn M. Clark, Farhana Musarrat, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Jared Rudd, Konstantin G. Kousoulas
Summary: HSV-1 and HSV-2 are prototypical alphaherpesviruses that infect neurons and establish lifelong latent infections. They cause orofacial and ocular infections, genital and neonatal infections respectively. The viral glycoproteins bind to cellular receptors to enter cells and mediate cell-to-cell fusion for virus spread. The complex of viral glycoproteins and cellular receptors play a critical role in virus entry and spread.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bishajit Sarkar, Md. Asad Ullah, Yusha Araf, Sowmen Das, Md. Hasanur Rahman, Abu Tayab Moin
Summary: HSV is a highly infectious virus with two types, HSV-1 and HSV-2, infecting millions worldwide. This study designed three polyvalent subunit vaccines targeting multiple strains of HSV, which showed stability and potential effectiveness through molecular docking and simulation studies. Validation of these vaccines in wet lab-based studies is still needed.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Han Yan, Jie Wang, Jiayi Yang, Zhongqiu Xu, Chunxia Li, Cui Hao, Shixin Wang, Wei Wang
Summary: This study explored the anti-HSV-2 activity of a marine sulfated polysaccharide known as PSSD. It was found that PSSD demonstrated significant anti-HSV-2 activity with low cytotoxicity in vitro. PSSD was observed to directly interact with virus particles to prevent virus adsorption and inhibit virus-induced membrane fusion. In vivo experiments showed that PSSD effectively attenuated genital herpes symptoms, reduced virus shedding, and outperformed acyclovir. These findings highlight the potential of PSSD as a novel anti-genital herpes agent.
Article
Microbiology
Qing Fan, Daniel P. Hippler, Yueqi Yang, Richard Longnecker, Sarah A. A. Connolly
Summary: This study reveals that two mutations in gH (H789Y and S830N) contribute to the activation of gB during herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) entry into cells. These findings provide valuable insights into the functional interactions between gH/gL and gB.
Article
Virology
Katrina A. Gianopulos, Tri Komala Sari, Darin J. Weed, Suzanne M. Pritchard, Anthony Nicola
Summary: Low endosomal pH facilitates herpesvirus entry in a cell-specific manner. The gC protein of HSV-1 plays a critical role in low-pH entry pathway by regulating the conformational changes of viral envelope glycoprotein B (gB). This study reveals that low pH triggers conformational changes in gC itself, and a specific gC epitope is important for low-pH entry inhibition.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Xixi Gui, Wuchao Zhang, Peng Gao, Yongning Zhang, Lei Zhou, Xinna Ge, Xin Guo, John W. Wills, Jun Han, Hanchun Yang
Summary: This study reports a previously unrecognized aberrant form of glycoprotein I (gl) in HSV-1-infected cells. This aberrant gl has a unique migration behavior and stable fold, contributing to its abnormal molecular size. These findings have important implications in understanding viral spread and pathogenesis.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Andrew G. Diamos, Mary D. Pardhe, Melissa H. Bergeman, Aigerim S. Kamzina, Michelle P. DiPalma, Sara Aman, Artemio Chaves, Kenneth Lowe, Jacquelyn Kilbourne, Ian B. Hogue, Hugh S. Mason
Summary: This study designed a self-binding recombinant immune complex (RIC) vaccine that mimics the larger immune complexes (ICs) generated during natural infection. The results showed that RIC formed larger complexes and enhanced C1q receptor binding 25-fold compared to traditional IC. Immunization with RIC induced significantly higher gD-specific antibody titers and stronger virus-specific neutralization against HSV-2.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Takuma Suzuki, Hiroaki Uchida, Tomoko Shibata, Yasuhiko Sasaki, Hitomi Ikeda, Mika Hamada-Uematsu, Ryota Hamasaki, Kosaku Okuda, Shigeru Yanagi, Hideaki Tahara
Summary: Researchers have developed a more potent oncolytic herpes simplex virus that can effectively treat various tumors through injection; this virus can induce long-lasting tumor cell syncytia in vivo, resulting in strong killing effects on the tumors.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS
(2021)
Article
Pathology
Melissa Krystel-Whittemore, May P. Chan, Sara C. Shalin, Kenan J. Sauder, Amy Hudson, Ruth K. Foreman, Mai P. Hoang, Jeoffry B. Brennick, Shaofeng Yan, Rosalynn M. Nazarian
Summary: This study presents the first known report of herpes virus infecting deep stromal cells of the dermis, highlighting the importance of considering cutaneous stromal herpes in patients with atypical clinical lesions, especially when immunocompromised. Establishing the correct diagnosis is crucial for initiating therapy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Deepthi Konda, Laxmisha Chandrashekar, Rahul Dhodapkar, Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh, Devinder Mohan Thappa
Summary: This study characterized the clinical markers of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection among patients with pemphigus vulgaris. It was found that male sex, presence of fissures, hemorrhagic crusts, erosions with angulated margins, linear erosions, and raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly associated with HSV infection. Hemorrhagic crusts and linear erosions were identified as independent predictors of HSV infection.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Malgorzata Krzyzowska, Anders Jarneborn, Karolina Thorn, Kristina Eriksson, Tao Jin
Summary: This study provides evidence that treatment with tofacitinib may increase the risk of disease aggravation and severe encephalitis in primary herpes simplex infection by impairing antiviral response induced by monocytes and microglia.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Cooper K. Hayes, Christopher K. Villota, Fiona B. McEnany, Stacey Ceron, Sita Awasthi, Moriah L. Szpara, Harvey M. Friedman, David A. Leib, Richard Longnecker, Matthew D. Weitzman, Lisa N. Akhtar
Summary: Clinical HSV-2 isolates collected from neonates with encephalitis are more neurovirulent in human neuronal cell culture and murine models as compared to isolates from neonates with skin-limited disease, suggesting that viral factors contribute to neurologic outcome following human neonatal infection.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Yang Liu, Jiao Guo, Junyuan Cao, Guangshun Zhang, Xiaoying Jia, Peilin Wang, Gengfu Xiao, Wei Wang
Summary: The study identified casticin and bergamottin as potential candidate molecules for LASV therapy, with both compounds inhibiting LASV entry via different mechanisms and also showing inhibitory effects on authentic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. The conserved F446 in LASV GPC was found to play an important role in drug resistance in mammarenaviruses.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)