4.4 Article

Immunoreactive intensity of FXPRL amide neuropeptides in response to environmental conditions in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Journal

CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
Volume 342, Issue 3, Pages 459-469

Publisher

SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-1083-4

Keywords

Neuropeptide hormone; Diapause; Seasonal polyphenism; Insects; Bombyx mori

Categories

Funding

  1. Research for the Future Program [JSPS-RFTF99L01203]
  2. Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science [20380033]
  3. Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan
  4. Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [20380033] Funding Source: KAKEN

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In the silkworm Bombyx mori, the diapause hormone-pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide gene, DH-PBAN, is a neuropeptide gene that encodes a polypeptide precursor consisting in five Phe-X-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 (FXPRL) amide (FXPRLa) neuropeptides; DH (diapause hormone), PBAN (pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide) and alpha-, beta- and gamma-SGNPs (subesophageal ganglion neuropeptides). These neuropeptides are synthesized in DH-PBAN-producing neurosecretory cells contained within three neuromeres, four mandibular cells, six maxillary cells, two labial cells (SLb) and four lateral cells of the subesophageal ganglion. DH is solely responsible, among the FXPRLa peptide family, for embryonic diapause. Functional differentiation has been previously suggested to occur at each neuromere, with the SLb cells releasing DH through brain innervation in order to induce embryonic diapause. We have investigated the immunoreactive intensity of DH in the SLb when thermal (25A degrees C or 15A degrees C) and light (continuous illumination or darkness) conditions are altered and following brain surgery that induces diapause or non-diapause eggs in the progeny. We have also examined the immunoreactivity of the other FXPRLa peptides by using anti-beta-SGNP and anti-PBAN antibodies. Pupal SLb somata immunoreactivities seem to be affected by both thermal and light conditions during embryogenesis. Thus, we have been able to identify a close correlation between the immunoreactive intensity of neuropeptides and environmental conditions relating to the determination of embryonic diapause in B. mori.

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