Article
Food Science & Technology
Pengfei Ren, Xinyue Yu, Qingjuan Tang, Yuchen Huan, Jie Xu, Yuming Wang, Changhu Xue
Summary: This study aimed to assess whether astaxanthin ameliorates weight loss and skeletal muscle atrophy in sorafenib-treated hepatocellular carcinoma mice. The results showed that astaxanthin significantly delayed weight loss and skeletal muscle atrophy in sorafenib-treated mice, without affecting food intake. Astaxanthin enhanced glucose competition in skeletal muscle by targeting the PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 signaling pathway, thereby slowing skeletal muscle atrophy. These findings indicate the significant potential of astaxanthin as a nutritional supplement for cancer patients and the importance of implementing nutritional interventions at the initiation of cancer treatment rather than waiting for cachexia to occur.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Wai W. Cheung, Sheng Hao, Ronghao Zheng, Zhen Wang, Alex Gonzalez, Ping Zhou, Hal M. Hoffman, Robert H. Mak
Summary: In Ctns(-/-) mice, IL-1 blockade was effective in reversing cachexia symptoms, normalizing energy homeostasis and muscle metabolism, and regulating abnormal gene expression related to muscle wasting, energy expenditure, and lipolysis. Anakinra could potentially be a targeted novel therapy for infantile nephropathic cystinosis patients.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2021)
Article
Management
Parag A. Pathak, Alex Rees-Jones, Tayfun Sonmez
Summary: Affirmative action policies implemented through reserve systems are often misunderstood by the public, leading to support for ineffective policies. A study involving 1,013 participants found that individuals rarely use optimal decision rules when choosing between reserve systems. The confusion about the importance of processing order explains surprising decisions made in field applications of reserve systems. This has implications for managers and policy makers accountable to the public.
MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Katharine Ricke, Detelina Ivanova, Taylor McKie, Maria Rugenstein
Summary: Modeling of climate geoengineering proposals demonstrates that interventions depend on implementation specifics. The study shows that selectively cooling the Indian Ocean can increase precipitation in the Sahel region, reversing extreme conditions like the Sahelian drought of the mid-20th century. However, side effects may include changes in Sahelian precipitation distribution and substantial reductions in precipitation in sub-Saharan East Africa.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Petter Holland, Eduardo Martin Quintana, Rojyar Khezri, Todd Andrew Schoborg, Tor Erik Rusten
Summary: Drosophila melanogaster tumor models have become increasingly popular due to their genetic and functional similarities to humans. The researchers used high resolution micro-CT scanning to study the effects of tumor development on larval organs in D. melanogaster. They found significant reductions in muscle, gut, and kidney volume during tumor development. Interestingly, the correlation between the time-point of tumor development and organ volume loss was stronger than that with tumor volume, suggesting that tumor size does not directly determine the extent of cachexia.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Genetics & Heredity
Alessandra Boletta
Summary: A new study has shown that re-expressing PKD genes early in the course of polycystic kidney disease can completely reverse the disease in mice, indicating an unexpected ability of the kidney to regenerate.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhipeng Cao, Kening Zhao, Irvin Jose, Nick J. Hoogenraad, Laura D. Osellame
Summary: Cancer cachexia is common in cancer patients, limiting treatment options due to decreased tolerance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Current diagnostic criteria based on weight loss and muscle function may be limiting and late for treatment. Biomarkers could supplement current diagnostic criteria and assess potential treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
News Item
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Hana Jurikova
Summary: The enhanced formation of clay in marine sediments before the end-Permian mass extinction likely caused the Earth to return to a hot, high-CO2 state similar to that of the Precambrian.
News Item
Optics
Matthias Zens, Stefan Rotter
Summary: Researchers have experimentally demonstrated that more atoms, when prepared in a specific quantum state, can absorb light faster than single atoms in a process known as superradiance.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hailun Xie, Guotian Ruan, Lishuang Wei, Heyang Zhang, Yizhong Ge, Qi Zhang, Shiqi Lin, Mengmeng Song, Xi Zhang, Xiaoyue Liu, Xiangrui Li, Kangping Zhang, Ming Yang, Meng Tang, Chun-Hua Song, Jialiang Gan, Han-Ping Shi
Summary: The hand grip strength-based cancer cachexia index (H-CXI) is a simple and practical predictor for cancer cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Grzegorz Sobieszek, Tomasz Powrozek, Aneta Skwarek-Dziekanowska, Teresa Malecka-Massalska
Summary: The TT genotype of TNFRSF1A is associated with a higher risk of cachexia in CHF patients, characterized by weight loss and muscle wasting. Patients with the TT genotype have lower albumin concentration, poorer cardiac function parameters, and higher risk for cachexia.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Hwa-Hee Koh, Eun-Suk Cho, Jae-Hoon Lee, Su-Jin Shin, Hye Sun Lee, Eun Jung Park, Seung Hyuk Baik, Kang Young Lee, Jeonghyun Kang
Summary: The ALBI grade is significantly associated with myosteatosis, and the combination of ALBI and myosteatosis shows an additive value in discriminating survival of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Tristan Grotvedt Haze
Summary: In this paper, the author discusses counterexamples proposed by Gillian Russell to argument forms such as Conjunction Introduction and Identity, and argues that these counterexamples are not genuine due to equivocation. The author also suggests that the linguistic context sensitivity involved in these counterexamples reveals new valid forms rather than supporting logical nihilism. The author presents a simple logic system to illustrate this idea.
Review
Psychology, Mathematical
Gregory Francis, Evelina Thunell
Summary: Current research methods may lead to overly conservative error rates and low power, necessitating a new statistical approach for addressing these issues. The reverse Bonferroni method can improve statistical power, but should be restricted to situations where researchers pre-register their analysis plans.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuta Seko, Takao Kato, Takeshi Morimoto, Hidenori Yaku, Yasutaka Inuzuka, Yodo Tamaki, Neiko Ozasa, Masayuki Shiba, Erika Yamamoto, Yusuke Yoshikawa, Takeshi Kitai, Yugo Yamashita, Moritake Iguchi, Kazuya Nagao, Yuichi Kawase, Takashi Morinaga, Mamoru Toyofuku, Yutaka Furukawa, Kenji Ando, Kazushige Kadota, Yukihito Sato, Koichiro Kuwahara, Takeshi Kimura
Summary: Weight loss of ≥5% at 6-month visit after discharge is associated with subsequent all-cause death in patients with AHF.
