Journal
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 224, Issue 3, Pages 303-313Publisher
BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD
DOI: 10.1530/JOE-14-0474
Keywords
TWIST; metabolism; glycogen; skeletal muscle
Categories
Funding
- Swedish Institute
- Swedish Research Council
- European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes
- Swedish Diabetes Association
- Novo Nordisk Research Foundation
- Johan and Jakob Soderbergs Foundation
- Diabetes Wellness Foundation
- Stockholm County Council
- Diabetes Research Program at Karolinska Institute
- Swedish Society of Medicine
- Novo Nordisk Fonden [NNF12OC1016320] Funding Source: researchfish
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TWIST proteins are important for development of embryonic skeletal muscle and play a role in the metabolism of tumor and white adipose tissue. The impact of TWIST on metabolism in skeletal muscle is incompletely studied. Our aim was to assess the impact of TWIST1 and TWIST2 overexpression on glucose and lipid metabolism. In intact mouse muscle, overexpression of Twist reduced total glycogen content without altering glucose uptake. Expression of TWIST1 or TWIST2 reduced Pdk4 mRNA, while increasing mRNA levels of Il6, Tnf alpha, and Il1 beta. Phosphorylation of AKT was increased and protein abundance of acetyl CoA carboxylase ( ACC) was decreased in skeletal muscle overexpressing TWIST1 or TWIST2. Glycogen synthesis and fatty acid oxidation remained stable in C2C12 cells overexpressing TWIST1 or TWIST2. Finally, skeletal muscle mRNA levels remain unaltered in ob/ob mice, type 2 diabetic patients, or in healthy subjects before and after 3 months of exercise training. Collectively, our results indicate that TWIST1 and TWIST2 are expressed in skeletal muscle. Overexpression of these proteins impacts proteins in metabolic pathways and mRNA level of cytokines. However, skeletal muscle levels of TWIST transcripts are unaltered in metabolic diseases.
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