Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ignacio Vazquez-Garcia, Florian Uhlitz, Nicholas Ceglia, Jamie L. P. Lim, Michelle Wu, Neeman Mohibullah, Juliana Niyazov, Arvin Eric B. Ruiz, Kevin M. Boehm, Viktoria Bojilova, Christopher J. Fong, Tyler Funnell, Diljot Grewal, Eliyahu Havasov, Samantha Leung, Arfath Pasha, Druv M. Patel, Maryam Pourmaleki, Nicole Rusk, Hongyu Shi, Rami Vanguri, Marc J. Williams, Allen W. Zhang, Vance Broach, Dennis S. Chi, Arnaud Da Cruz Paula, Ginger J. Gardner, Sarah H. Kim, Matthew Lennon, Kara Long Roche, Yukio Sonoda, Oliver Zivanovic, Ritika Kundra, Agnes Viale, Fatemeh N. Derakhshan, Luke Geneslaw, Shirin Issa Bhaloo, Ana Maroldi, Rahelly Nunez, Fresia Pareja, Anthe Stylianou, Mahsa Vahdatinia, Yonina Bykov, Rachel N. Grisham, Ying L. Liu, Yulia Lakhman, Ines Nikolovski, Daniel Kelly, Jianjiong Gao, Andrea Schietinger, Travis J. Hollmann, Samuel F. Bakhoum, Robert A. Soslow, Lora H. Ellenson, Nadeem R. Abu-Rustum, Carol Aghajanian, Claire F. Friedman, Andrew McPherson, Britta Weigelt, Dmitriy Zamarin, Sohrab P. Shah
Summary: This study provides insights into the relationship between mutational processes, anatomical sites, and immune resistance mechanisms in HGSOC, highlighting the importance of personalized immunotherapeutic approaches and early detection research.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giovanni Tossetta, Sonia Fantone, Eva Montanari, Daniela Marzioni, Gaia Goteri
Summary: This review summarizes the role of NRF2 in ovarian cancer, focusing on its function in drug resistance, natural and synthetic modulators of NRF2, and its protective function in normal ovarian preservation.
Article
Oncology
Vikas Garg, Lalit Kumar
Summary: Translational research and targeted therapies have significantly impacted the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Recurrent ovarian cancer remains a challenge and requires innovative strategies. Metronomic chemotherapy, which inhibits angiogenesis and activates the immune system, has emerged as a promising approach.
Review
Cell Biology
Dorota E. Jazwinska, Diana G. Kulawiec, Ioannis K. Zervantonakis
Summary: The metastatic ovarian cancer microenvironment is characterized by complex interactions between cancer cells and host cells, such as mesothelial cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Understanding the crosstalk between these cell types can provide insights into biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metastatic progression and chemotherapy sensitivity restoration.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yingli Wu, Yu Yang, Xiaolin Lv, Menghan Gao, Xujin Gong, Qingqiang Yao, Yanna Liu
Summary: Ovarian cancer is commonly treated with combination therapy, such as paclitaxel and platinum anticancer drug. Nanoparticles provide opportunities to overcome the limitations of combination therapy by improving drug properties and increasing drug accumulation in targeted tissues. This review summarizes nanoparticle-based combination therapies for ovarian cancer, highlighting the advantages of nanocarriers in combination treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Omotola D. Ogundipe, Oluwabukunmi Olajubutu, Simeon K. Adesina
Summary: Ovarian cancer is a deadly disease, with most patients diagnosed in advanced stages. Targeted drug conjugate systems offer a promising treatment strategy.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicole E. James, Morgan Woodman, Jennifer R. Ribeiro
Summary: EOC patients have low response rates to immunotherapies, but evidence suggests ovarian tumors are immunogenic and immune-related genomic profiles can serve as prognostic markers. Specific research areas that need to be addressed include developing immune-based prognostic signatures and driving advancements in this field.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ghofraan Abdulsalam Atallah, Nirmala Chandralega Kampan, Kah Teik Chew, Norfilza Mohd Mokhtar, Reena Rahayu Md Zin, Mohamad Nasir bin Shafiee, Nor Haslinda binti Abd. Aziz
Summary: Ovarian cancer is a deadly reproductive tumor affecting women worldwide. Chemoresistance and the need for biomarkers to predict platinum resistance in order to improve survival and quality of life are important factors in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
P. Harter, J. Sehouli, I Vergote, G. Ferron, A. Reuss, W. Meier, S. Greggi, B. J. Mosgard, F. Selle, F. Guyon, C. Pomel, F. Lecuru, R. Zang, E. Avail-Lundqvist, J-W Kim, J. Ponce, F. Raspagliesi, G. Kristensen, J-M Classe, P. Hillemanns, P. Jensen, A. Hasenburg, S. Ghaem-Maghami, M. R. Mirza, B. Lund, A. Reinthaller, A. Santaballa, A. Olaitan, F. Hilpert, A. du Bois
Summary: The study demonstrates that in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer, secondary cytoreductive surgery followed by chemotherapy results in longer overall survival compared to chemotherapy alone. Quality of life measures did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roberto Buonaiuto, Giuseppe Neola, Sabrina Chiara Cecere, Aldo Caltavituro, Amedeo Cefaliello, Erica Pietroluongo, Pietro De Placido, Mario Giuliano, Grazia Arpino, Carmine De Angelis
Summary: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies worldwide. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) plays a critical role in ovarian cancer and may impact treatment response. Low levels of glucocorticoids can suppress ovarian cancer growth and metastasis, while high GR expression is associated with poor prognosis and outcomes. GR activation also impairs the effectiveness of chemotherapy. This review summarizes the function and role of GR in ovarian cancer and explores its potential as a prognostic and predictive biomarker. It also discusses the interplay between GR and BRCA expression and reviews new therapeutic strategies to enhance chemotherapy sensitivity.
Review
Oncology
Olivia G. Huffman, Danielle B. Chau, Andreea I. Dinicu, Robert DeBernardo, Ofer Reizes
Summary: This review examines the impact of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) on ovarian cancer and discusses its effects on the immune response, DNA damage, DNA damage repair pathways, and synergy with chemotherapy. It provides important insights for the development of new therapeutic strategies for ovarian cancer patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Linjuan Huang, Jing Zhang, Youling Deng, Hao Wang, Piao Zhao, Guozhi Zhao, Wei Zeng, Yonghui Wang, Connie Chen, William Wagstaff, Rex C. Haydon, Russell R. Reid, Tong-Chuan He, Le Shen, Hue H. Luu, Ling Zhao
Summary: Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal malignancy, often diagnosed at advanced stages due to the lack of early diagnosis methods. The standard treatment includes surgery and chemotherapy, but many patients develop chemoresistant tumors. Therefore, there is a need to develop new therapeutic agents to overcome chemoresistance. Niclosamide, an anti-parasite agent, has shown potent anti-cancer activities in ovarian cancer and other types of human cancers. This study investigates the potential of repurposing niclosamide as a therapeutic agent.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xinyuan Xi, Fan Lei, Keliang Gao, Jingjing Li, Rihe Liu, Adam R. Karpf, Tatiana K. Bronich
Summary: Combining chemotherapeutic drugs in a single nanocarrier offers advantages in cancer treatment, including reducing toxicity, improving drug properties, and enhancing therapeutic effects. In this study, we developed functional multimodal polypeptide-based polymeric nanogels (NGs) to encapsulate a combination of drugs. These NGs exhibited selective cytotoxicity towards EGFR overexpressing ovarian cancer cells and showed preferential associations with EGFR (+) tumor cells. Furthermore, ligand-installed NGs carrying the drug combination significantly improved the treatment response of ovarian cancer xenografts compared to individual drug-loaded NGs. This work highlights the potential of our carrier system for efficient delivery of drug combinations to treat EGFR overexpressing cancers.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Rachel N. N. Grisham, Beryl L. L. Manning-Geist, M. Herman Chui
Summary: Estrogen receptor immunohistochemistry is not reliable for assessing response to antihormonal therapy; further research is needed for prognostic value of progesterone receptor immunohistochemistry. Multigene assays have the potential to serve as a diagnostic tool to identify patients who are less likely to respond to single-agent endocrine therapy and determine optimal combination strategies.
Article
Oncology
Owen Heath, Chiara Berlato, Eleni Maniati, Anissa Lakhani, Colin Pegrum, Panoraia Kotantaki, Samar Elorbany, Steffen Bohm, Simon T. Barry, Alessandro Annibaldi, Desmond P. Barton, Frances R. Balkwill
Summary: The study suggests that neoadjuvant chemotherapy may shift the TAM population in HGSOC towards an anti-tumor phenotype that could benefit adaptive immune responses. Therapies aimed at enhancing or sustaining this phenotype during remission may help delay relapse.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Paolo Tralongo, Sebastiano Bordonaro, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Ugo De Giorgi, Nicolo Borsellino, Gaetano Facchini, Sabrina Rossetti, Giuseppe Fornarini, Vito Longo, Antonino Carmelo Tralongo, Francesca Caspani, Massimiliano Spada, Nicola Calvani, Paolo Carlini
Summary: In this retrospective study, the effectiveness and safety of cabazitaxel in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients aged ≥80 years were evaluated. The results showed that the treatment duration was 4.8 months, with a disease control rate of 63% and a median overall survival of 13.1 months. The most frequently documented toxicities were neutropenia and diarrhea. It was concluded that octogenarian patients can be treated with reduced doses or alternative schedules of cabazitaxel to minimize toxicity and treatment interruptions.
Review
Oncology
Liliana Montella, Mariella Cuomo, Nunzio Del Gaudio, Michela Buonaiuto, Davide Costabile, Roberta Visconti, Teodolinda Di Risi, Roberta Vinciguerra, Federica Trio, Sara Ferraro, Guglielmo Bove, Gaetano Facchini, Lucia Altucci, Lorenzo Chiariotti, Rosa Della Monica
Summary: This article reviews the druggable epigenetic features of glioblastomas and discusses the corresponding targeted therapies and their potential efficacy. It emphasizes the recent technological improvements that allow routine investigation of many glioblastoma epigenetic biomarkers in clinical practice.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Ursula A. A. Matulonis, Domenica Lorusso, Ana Oaknin, Sandro Pignata, Andrew Dean, Hannelore Denys, Nicoletta Colombo, Toon Van Gorp, Jason A. A. Konner, Margarita Romeo Marin, Philipp Harter, Conleth G. G. Murphy, Jiuzhou Wang, Elizabeth Noble, Brooke Esteves, Michael Method, Robert L. L. Coleman
Summary: The MIRV antibody-drug conjugate demonstrated significant antitumor activity and favorable tolerability in patients with platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer, particularly in those who had received multiple prior therapies including bevacizumab.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Lucia Cannella, Francesco Perri, Ottavia Clemente, Claudia Von Arx, Antonio Pizzolorusso, Maurizio Di Bonito, Alessandra Bracigliano, Massimiliano Di Marzo, Giuseppina Della Vittoria Scarpati, Annarosaria De Chiara, Salvatore Tafuto
Summary: In this retrospective analysis, the authors compared their institute's experience with the existing literature on breast angiosarcoma. They found that patients with primary angiosarcoma had a lower median recurrence-free survival and overall survival compared to those with secondary angiosarcoma, but the difference was not statistically significant. Patients with primary angiosarcoma were also younger at the time of diagnosis.
Review
Biology
Amelia Barcellini, Alexandra Charalampopoulou, Loris De Cecco, Andrei Fodor, Emanuela Rabaiotti, Giorgio Candotti, Simona Secondino, Angelica Facoetti, Laura Deborah Locati, Sandro Pignata, Ester Orlandi, Giorgia Mangili
Summary: Radiotherapy is increasingly being used in combination with surgery, chemotherapy, and novel drugs to treat ovarian cancer. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the radiosensitivity and radioresistance of ovarian cancer, which is the deadliest gynecological cancer worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms of radiosensitivity and identifying potential biomarkers of radioresistance could be crucial in guiding clinical decision-making, considering the high rate of recurrence in and out of the radiotherapy fields, especially in the era of personalized oncology.
Review
Oncology
Alfredo Berruti, Sergio Bracarda, Orazio Caffo, Enrico Cortesi, Rolando D'Angelillo, Marzia Del Re, Gaetano Facchini, Giovanni Pappagallo, Giuseppe Procopio, Roberto Sabbatini, Daniele Santini
Summary: Non-metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) refers to a clinical setting where patients treated with ADT have rising levels of PSA but no detectable metastases on conventional imaging. Recent phase III trials have shown that adding a next-generation androgen receptor targeted agent (ARTA) to ADT delays the development of metastases and improves overall survival in nmCRPC patients. Novel imaging techniques and potential tumor biomarkers are changing the diagnosis and management of nmCRPC.
CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Domenica Lorusso, Nicoletta Colombo, Antonio Casado Herraez, Alessandro D. Santin, Emeline Colomba, David Scott Miller, Keiichi Fujiwara, Sandro Pignata, Sally E. Baron-Hay, Isabelle Laure Ray-Coquard, Ronnie Shapira-Frommer, Yong Man Kim, Mary Mccormack, Rachid Massaad, Allison Martin Nguyen, Qi Zhao, Jodi Mckenzie, Vimalanand S. Prabhu, Vicky Makker
Summary: In the phase 3 study 309/KEYNOTE-775, Lenvatinib and pembrolizumab (LEN+PEMBRO) showed significant improvements in efficacy compared to treatment of physician's choice (TPC) for patients with advanced endometrial cancer (aEC). Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was reported.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Martin Boegemann, Gaetano Facchini, Thomas Bauernhofer, Richard Cathomas, Evanguelos Xylinas, Bertrand Tombal
Summary: This article summarizes the real-world experience with the use of Apalutamide in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for patients with advanced prostate cancer, showing good tolerability and efficacy in a broad patient population.
IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Pathology
Giuseppa Zannini, Gaetano Facchini, Marco De Sio, Ferdinando De Vita, Andrea Ronchi, Michele Orditura, Maria Teresa Vietri, Fortunato Ciardiello, Renato Franco, Marina Accardo, Federica Zito Marino
Summary: BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes involved in DNA repair mechanism and their mutations increase the risk of several cancer types. FDA has approved PARP inhibitors for treating BRCA1/2 mutated ovarian, breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancer patients. Guidelines for BRCA testing vary between tumor types, and there is limited data on detecting BRCA1/2 somatic mutations in FFPE samples. This review provides an overview of BRCA mutations, testing guidelines, molecular assays, and approved PARP inhibitors for various cancers, including breast, ovarian, fallopian tube, primary peritoneal, prostate, and pancreatic cancer.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Giuseppe Caruso, Amelia Barcellini, Roberta Mazzeo, Roberta Gallo, Maria Giuseppa Vitale, Anna Passarelli, Giorgia Mangili, Sandro Pignata, Innocenza Palaia
Summary: Vulvar Paget's disease (VPD) is a rare form of cutaneous adenocarcinoma of the vulva, often misdiagnosed due to non-specific symptoms. This systematic review aims to provide a concise overview of the current evidence and emerging therapeutic opportunities for VPD.
Review
Oncology
Alessandro Ottaiano, Sergio Facchini, Mariachiara Santorsola, Guglielmo Nasti, Gaetano Facchini, Liliana Montella, Nicola Maurea, Marco Cascella, Domenico Iervolino, Bianca Arianna Facchini, Monica Montopoli, Pierluigi Consolo, Vincenzo Quagliariello, Luca Rinaldi, Massimiliano Berretta
Summary: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between pre-operative vitamin D levels and time-to-outcome in stage III colorectal cancer patients. The results showed that patients with lower levels of vitamin D had an increased risk of death and recurrence. These findings suggest that a low vitamin D concentration negatively impacts the time-to-outcome in stage III colorectal cancer.
Article
Cell Biology
Lucia Cannella, Rosa Della Monica, Antonella Lucia Marretta, Domenico Iervolino, Bruno Vincenzi, Anna Rosaria De Chiara, Ottavia Clemente, Michela Buonaiuto, Maria Luisa Barretta, Annabella Di Mauro, Massimiliano Di Marzo, Michele Guida, Giuseppe Badalamenti, Lorenzo Chiariotti, Salvatore Tafuto
Summary: This retrospective study investigated the correlation between the methylation status of the MGMT promoter and clinical outcomes of dacarbazine-treated patients with leiomyosarcoma (LMS). The results showed better outcomes in patients with unmethylated MGMT, indicating a relationship between MGMT methylation and poor prognosis in LMS.
Review
Oncology
Kara K. Palmer, Adam Pennell, Bryan Terlizzi, Michael A. Nunu, David F. Stodden, Leah E. Robinson, Alice Bergamini, Sandro Pignata, Ester Orlandi, Giorgia Mangili, David A. Gewirtz
Summary: The management of high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia requires a multimodality treatment that may include radiotherapy. There is little consensus on the indication and role of radiotherapy for extra-central nervous system localizations. Radiotherapy can have a hemostatic role, but the high rate of necrosis requires attention to fractionation schedules and radiation type.
Article
Oncology
V. Interno, F. Massari, R. Ruda, B. A. Maiorano, O. Caffo, G. Procopio, S. Bracarda, F. Atzori, A. Passarelli, M. Bersanelli, M. Stellato, G. Fornarini, L. Galli, C. Ortega, E. Zanardi, L. Incorvaia, G. Facchini, J. R. Giron Berrios, R. Ricotta, M. Santoni, C. Funaioli, P. Trerotoli, C. Porta, M. Rizzo
Summary: This multicenter retrospective study found that good performance status and solitary brain metastasis were positive prognostic factors for patients with brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma, while receiving only one-line systemic therapy and combining external radiation therapy after systemic therapy were negative prognostic factors. It also suggested a potential additive effect of external radiation therapy combined with immunotherapy in terms of intracranial progression-free survival. Therefore, a more comprehensive multimodal therapeutic strategy in a multidisciplinary context is recommended to improve the survival of these patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Herbert Ryan Marini, Bianca Arianna Facchini, Raffaele di Francia, Jose Freni, Domenico Puzzolo, Liliana Montella, Gaetano Facchini, Alessandro Ottaiano, Massimiliano Berretta, Letteria Minutoli
Summary: In cases of cellular injury, excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to various conditions, including cancerogenesis. Glutathione (GSH), the most abundant thiol-containing antioxidant, is crucial for restoring redox homeostasis. The conjugation of GSH with xenobiotics, such as anti-cancer drugs, can either reduce their harmful effects or enhance their toxicity. Further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between GSH and cancer. The use of GSH should only be considered under medical supervision, taking into account the appropriate timing and setting, as self-prescribed GSH lacks strong scientific evidence for its efficacy in reducing toxicity.
Review
Oncology
Xinru Zhou, Yin Jia, Chuanbin Mao, Shanrong Liu
Summary: Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), such as exosomes, have emerged as crucial targets for liquid biopsy and promising drug delivery vehicles in tumor progression. They can serve as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and as drug carriers for cancer treatment.
Article
Oncology
Ruochan Chen, Ju Zhu, Xiao Zhong, Jie Li, Rui Kang, Daolin Tang
Summary: The interplay between autophagy and apoptosis plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy, with HMGB1 serving as a key regulator in these processes.
Article
Oncology
Zongfu Pan, Xixuan Lu, Tong Xu, Jinming Chen, Lisha Bao, Ying Li, Yingying Gong, Yulu Che, Xiaozhou Zou, Zhuo Tan, Ping Huang, Minghua Ge
Summary: This study uncovered the emerging role of HN1 in promoting dedifferentiation of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. HN1 negatively regulated the thyroid differentiation markers and had an inhibitory effect on the transcriptional activation of CTCF, thereby influencing the chromatin accessibility of thyroid differentiation genes.
Article
Oncology
Yi Qin, Shengjun Xiong, Jun Ren, Gautam Sethi
Summary: Autophagy plays an important regulatory role in glioblastoma, and its dysregulation can lead to drug resistance and radioresistance. It also affects stem cell characteristics, overall growth, and metastasis. Therefore, autophagy is a promising target for glioblastoma therapy.
Article
Oncology
Katsuya Nagaoka, Xuewei Bai, Dan Liu, Kevin Cao, Joud Mulla, Chengcheng Ji, Hongze Chen, Muhammad Azhar Nisar, Amalia Bay, William Mueller, Grace Hildebrand, Jin-Song Gao, Shaolei Lu, Hiroko Setoyama, Yasuhito Tanaka, Jack R. Wands, Chiung-Kuei Huang
Summary: This study found that serum 2-OG levels in cholangiocarcinoma patients are associated with the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Patients with progressive disease showed significantly higher levels of serum 2-OG compared to stable disease and partial response patients. The study also revealed that overexpression of ASPH mimics the effects of 2-OG, and knockdown of ASPH improves chemotherapy. Targeting ASPH enhances the effects of chemotherapy by modulating ATM and ATR, two key regulators of DDRs.
