Article
Microbiology
Tsunehiko Shigemori, Atsunori Hiasa, Yasuhiro Inoue, Satoko Oka, Taro Yasuma, Ryo Nishiwaki, Natsuko Sugimasa, Tetsuya Hamaguchi, Midori Noji, Kenji Takeuchi, Yoshiyuki Ito, Toshio Katoh, Esteban C. Gabazza, Ichiro Imoto
Summary: This article describes the first case in Japan of acute calculous cholecystitis caused by Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus infection. The patient presented with epigastric pain and vomiting and was successfully treated with surgery. This bacterial infection is extremely rare in the bile duct.
Article
Immunology
Wan-Chen Chen, Ping-Ing Lee, Hsiao-Chi Lin, Luan-Ying Chang, Tai-Fen Lee, Jong-Min Chen, Po-Ren Hsueh
Summary: Three neonates were diagnosed with bacteremia and/or meningitis caused by Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus (SGSP). They were all treated in the same obstetrics clinic, suggesting a potential outbreak of the same clone. The study highlights the importance of treatment, infection control, and molecular typing in preventing further outbreaks.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jianhui Li, Chongbing Yan, Dong Wei, Xiaohui Gong
Summary: This article reports a rare case of infant meningitis caused by Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus. Over the past 20 years, only a few individual case reports and limited case series have been found in the English-language literature. The article also discusses the possible etiology of S. gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus in infant meningitis.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. S. Gray, J. D. Latorre, D. Hernandez-Patlan, B. Solis-Cruz, V. M. Petrone-Garcia, X. Hernandez-Velasco, K. M. Robbins, R. W. Moore, C. N. Vuong, A. Stein, L. Laverty, K. Martin, M. E. Coles, R. Senas-Cuesta, J. M. Diaz-Gomez, I. Loeza, I. Castellanos-Huerta, J. A. Maguey-Gonzalez, B. D. Graham, B. M. Hargis, G. Tellez-Isaias
Summary: Streptococcus gallolyticus is a Gram-positive cocci found in the gut of animals and humans. It has been identified as a cause of disease in young turkeys. The study confirms that it is a primary infectious microorganism causing septicemia in young poults, which is consistent with previous research.
Article
Oncology
Chun-Han Lo, William J. Blot, Lauren R. Teras, Kala Visvanathan, Loic Le Marchand, Christopher A. Haiman, Yu Chen, Howard D. Sesso, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Lesley F. Tinker, Richard M. Peek, John D. Potter, Timothy L. Cover, Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Sonja Berndt, Tim Waterboer, Meira Epplein, Julia Butt, Mingyang Song
Summary: The study found no association between prediagnostic antibody responses to F. nucleatum and colorectal cancer risk. Higher seroprevalence of any F. nucleatum antibody was observed among non-White participants. Future studies may focus on examining F. nucleatum in stool or tissue samples.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Eva Romay, Juan Manuel Pericas, Maria Jose Garcia-Pais, Marta Hernandez-Meneses, Blanca Ayuso, Javier Garcia-Gonzalez, Rodrigo Vicente Garces-Duran, Ramon Rabunal, Pilar Alonso-Garcia, Fernando Garcia-Garrote, Andres Perissinotti, Barbara Vidal, Carles Falces, Eduard Quintana, Leticia Moreira, Manel Almela, Josep Llach, Asuncion Moreno, Juan Corredoira, Jose Maria Miro
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role of colorectal neoplasms in recurrent endocarditis caused by Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGG) and Enterococcus faecalis (EF). The findings suggest an association between SGG and EF in recurrent endocarditis, highlighting the importance of performing colonoscopy in these cases.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Flavia Genua, Julia Butt, Tim Waterboer, David J. J. Hughes
Summary: The association between immune responses to bacterial exposure and advancing stages of colorectal neoplasia was assessed. Results showed that IgG antibody response to Fn1426 protein of F. nucleatum was associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer, while IgA antibody response to SGG proteins was associated with increased occurrence of advanced adenomas. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of these microbes or the immune response to their antigens in colorectal carcinogenesis stages.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ayu Kasamatsu, Kazuaki Fukushima, Masao Horiuchi, Noritaka Sekiya
Summary: This case highlights the importance of subspecies identification enabled by MALDI-TOF MS in supporting the diagnosis of underlying etiology from a microbiological point of view.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jonas Oberg, Magnus Rasmussen, Pamela Buchwald, Bo Nilson, Malin Inghammar
Summary: This study aimed to describe the incidence of SBSEC bacteremia in Skane Region, Sweden from 2003 to 2018, and found that the most common subspecies was S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus. The study also revealed a strong association between S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus bacteremia and colorectal cancer. The identification of SBSEC subspecies can help guide clinical decision-making regarding colorectal cancer work-up following bacteremia.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Sudhanshu Shekhar, Heidi A. Amdal, Fernanda Cristina Petersen
Summary: Mucosal immunization with S. mitis serotype 5 protects mice against S. pneumoniae serotype 5 infection and induces Th17 and predominant serotype-specific IgG/IgA antibody responses against pneumococcal infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Rahwa Taddese, Rian Roelofs, Derk Draper, Xinqun Wu, Shaoguang Wu, Dorine W. Swinkels, Harold Tjalsma, Annemarie Boleij
Summary: This study reveals that gut bacteria, particularly Streptococcus gallolyticus, can modulate the expression of biotransformation pathways in colonic epithelial cells in an AhR-dependent manner, potentially altering the susceptibility of the intestine to DNA damaging events.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Pim P. P. Edomskis, Willem A. A. Dik, Cloe L. Sparreboom, Nicole M. A. Nagtzaam, Adrie van Oudenaren, Daniel P. V. Lambrichts, Yves Bayon, Noah N. N. van Dongen, Anand G. G. Menon, Eelco J. R. de Graaf, Peter Paul L. O. Coene, Johan F. F. Lange, Pieter J. M. Leenen
Summary: This study provides detailed insights into the peripheral blood leukocyte response after colorectal cancer surgery, showing that surgery induces rapid and significant redistribution of immune cells. The phenotypic alterations in monocytes suggest a mixed profile of cellular activation and deactivation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mitch Brinkkemper, Tim S. Veth, Philip J. M. Brouwer, Hannah Turner, Meliawati Poniman, Judith A. Burger, Joey H. Bouhuijs, Wouter Olijhoek, Ilja Bontjer, Jonne L. Snitselaar, Tom G. Caniels, Cynthia A. van der Linden, Rashmi Ravichandran, Julien Villaudy, Yme U. van der Velden, Kwinten Sliepen, Marit J. van Gils, Andrew B. Ward, Neil P. King, Albert J. R. Heck, Rogier W. Sanders
Summary: Combining spike proteins from different viruses or viral strains on protein nanoparticles can broaden immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and sarbecoviruses. This strategy improves neutralizing antibody responses to various variants and highlights the versatility of two-component nanoparticles in displaying diverse antigens.
Article
Immunology
Mai-Chi Trieu, Amit Bansal, Anders Madsen, Fan Zhou, Marianne Saevik, Juha Vahokoski, Karl Albert Brokstad, Florian Krammer, Camilla Tondel, Kristin G. Mohn, Bjorn Blomberg, Nina Langeland, Rebecca J. Cox
Summary: A study in Norway found that infected healthcare workers showed increases in SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, especially after exposure to COVID-19 patients. While there were relatively few SARS-CoV-2-seropositive healthcare workers in a low-prevalence setting, the proportion of seropositivity was higher than RT-PCR positivity, underscoring the importance of antibody testing.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Anna Blackberg, Therese de Neergaard, Inga-Maria Frick, Pontus Nordenfelt, Rolf Lood, Magnus Rasmussen
Summary: The study showed that Streptococcus dysgalactiae bacteremia can lead to increased levels of antibodies to the infecting pathogen, but these antibodies may not effectively opsonize the bacteria. The apparent failure to produce opsonizing antibodies might partially explain why S. dysgalactiae can cause recurrent invasive infections in the same host.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
John D. Murphy, Andrew F. Olshan, Feng-Chang Lin, Melissa A. Troester, Hazel B. Nichols, Julia Butt, You-Lin Qiao, Christian C. Abnet, Manami Inoue, Shoichiro Tsugane, Meira Epplein
Summary: This study developed a predictive model for noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma risk using serum data on pepsinogen, antibody response to 13 H. pylori antigens, demographic, and lifestyle factors. The model showed higher accuracy and sensitivity compared to the ABC Method, and could assist in targeting screening resources to individuals at high risk.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Robert J. Huang, Meira Epplein, Chisato Hamashima, Il Ju Choi, Eunjung Lee, Dennis Deapen, Yanghee Woo, Thuy Tran, Shailja C. Shah, John M. Inadomi, David A. Greenwald, Joo Ha Hwang
Summary: This study shows that the burden of GC is unequally distributed in the US, predominantly affecting Asian, African American, Hispanic, and American Indian/Alaskan Native populations. International studies have provided substantial evidence supporting the effectiveness of strategies such as H. pylori testing and treatment, as well as endoscopic screening in reducing GC-specific mortality. However, there is a lack of data from US sources. Therefore, there is an urgent need for cancer prevention trials targeting high-risk immigrant and minority populations in the US, and for the development of national strategies for GC prevention.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
John T. Loh, Jennifer H. B. Shuman, Aung Soe Lin, Natalie Favret, M. Blanca Piazuelo, Simon Mallal, Abha Chopra, Mark S. McClain, Timothy L. Cover
Summary: Gastric inflammation was found to increase the activity of Cag T4SS in Helicobacter pylori, resulting in mutations in the katA gene. These mutations led to increased production of catalase, which enhanced the bacterium's resistance to hydrogen peroxide.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Robert J. Huang, Monika Laszkowska, Haejin In, Joo Ha Hwang, Meira Epplein
Summary: Gastric cancer is a leading cause of global mortality, but its distribution is highly unequal. This review aims to define the global epidemiology of the disease, critically evaluate prevention strategies, and assess their applicability in improving outcomes in different regions. Strategies primarily focus on detecting and eradicating the main environmental risk factor, Helicobacter pylori. Screening of asymptomatic populations has been adopted in high-incidence countries, while targeted surveillance of individuals with precancerous lesions is increasingly embraced in low-incidence nations. The review also highlights knowledge gaps in prevention and the role of emerging technologies for early detection and risk stratification.
Article
Immunology
John T. T. Loh, Emily L. L. Struttmann, Natalie Favret, M. Lorena Harvey, Suman B. B. Pakala, Abha Chopra, Mark S. S. McClain, Timothy L. L. Cover
Summary: Both Helicobacter pylori infection and a high-salt diet are risk factors for gastric cancer. We found that the fur-R88H mutation in H. pylori is positively selected under high-salt conditions, both in vivo and in vitro. The fur-R88H mutation enhances H. pylori fitness under high-salt conditions but reduces fitness under routine culture conditions.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Madison G. G. Allen, Miranda Y. Y. Bate, Lauren M. M. Tramonte, Emely Y. Y. Avalos, John Loh, Timothy L. L. Cover, Mark H. H. Forsyth
Summary: This study identified a regulon of 40 genes controlled by the CrdRS two-component system (TCS) in Helicobacter pylori. These genes play important roles in the colonization and survival of H. pylori in the human stomach. Furthermore, the study revealed that the expression of these genes is affected by nitric oxide (NO), providing insights into novel therapeutics.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jessica C. Goodwin, Qichen Wang, Pao-Hwa Lin, Martha J. Shrubsole, Meira Epplein
Summary: Regular supplement use, including multivitamins, was associated with a decreased risk of non-cardia gastric cancer (NCGC) in the SCCS, particularly among participants with a lower quality diet.
CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Priya Alagesan, Jessica C. Goodwin, Katherine S. Garman, Meira Epplein
Summary: Gastric cancer, although its incidence and survival rates have declined, still disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities and individuals of lower socioeconomic status. To address this, improvements are needed in risk factor modification, biomarker development, access to genetic testing and H. pylori eradication testing, and expansion of clinical guidelines for precancerous conditions.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Mark S. McClain, Kaeli N. Bryant, W. Hayes McDonald, Holly M. Scott Algood, Timothy L. Cover
Summary: The Lol system plays a crucial role in exporting lipoproteins to the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria. In the human gastric bacterium Helicobacter pylori, the Lol system deviates from the E. coli paradigm. This study identifies a LolD-like protein, HP0179, in H. pylori, providing insights into the lipoprotein localization processes in this bacterium.
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Julia Butt, Meira Epplein
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Sirena C. Tran, Mark S. Mcclain, Timothy L. Cover
Summary: Helicobacter pylori strains containing the cag pathogenicity island (PAI) are associated with the development of gastric adenocarcinoma and peptic ulcer disease. The cag PAI encodes a secreted effector protein (CagA) and a type IV secretion system (Cag T4SS). This study investigated the role of the CagY antenna region in Cag T4SS OMCC assembly and function.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Katherine S. Garman, Hannahsofia Brown, Priya Alagesan, Shannon J. Mccall, Steven Patierno, Qichen Wang, Frances Wang, Terry Hyslop, Meira Epplein
Summary: The study found that Hp testing and treatment can significantly reduce the risk of death for patients at risk or diagnosed with gastric cancer, especially when done within 1 year prior to or at diagnosis. These findings support the promotion and enhancement of Hp testing and treatment in the US to reduce disparities in gastric cancer mortality.
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
HannahSofia T. Brown, Priya Alagesan, Joseph Wawrzynski, Frances Wang, Meira Epplein, Katherine S. Garman
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Priya Alagesan, HannahSofia Brown, Joseph Wawrzynski, Frances Wang, Terry Hyslop, Meira Epplein, Katherine S. Garman
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
HannahSofia T. Brown, Meira Epplein, Helen Tang, Katherine Garman
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2022)