Article
Oncology
Kanu Priya Bhatia, Shuvadeep Ganguly, Archana Sasi, Vivek Kumar, Suryanarayana Deo, Sandeep Agarwala, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Rajaraman Swaminathan, Gauri Kapoor, Nalliah Manoharan, Sumit Malhotra, Deepam Pushpam, Sameer Bakhshi
Summary: This study analyzed the degree of sex bias in childhood cancer in India and its clinical and demographical associations. The research found that there is a bias towards boys in the sex ratio of childhood cancer in India, which is more pronounced in northern India and in situations demanding greater financial commitment. Therefore, addressing societal sex bias and enhancing affordable healthcare for girls should be pursued simultaneously in India.
Article
Oncology
Robert B. Hines, Xiang Zhu, Eunkyung Lee, Carolyn D. Rapp, Albert M. Volk, Asal M. Johnson
Summary: This study used multiple mediation analysis to identify the most important mediators of the racial disparity in breast cancer survival. The results suggest that increasing uptake of screening mammography and access to and receipt of surgery may offer the greatest potential to reduce racial disparities in breast cancer survival.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hualin Wang, Bowen Du, Yujian Wu, Zhuoyan Li, Yiwei Niu, Fengxiu Ouyang, Jian Wang, Sun Chen, Kun Sun
Summary: The study revealed that children with macrosomia developed cardiovascular changes as early as 4 years of age, with macrosomic boys showing associations with left ventricular structural changes and higher risk of left ventricular hypertrophy, while no association was found in girls.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Miles W. Grunvald, Joshua M. Underhill, Nicholas J. Skertich, Michael D. Williams, Christopher T. Aquina, Anuradha R. Bhama, Dana M. Hayden, Adan Z. Becerra
Summary: This study found that there are racial disparities in treatment delay among colorectal cancer patients, with minority patients experiencing longer treatment times. Income, education, comorbidities, insurance, and hospital type were important factors contributing to these disparities. Treatment delays could be significantly reduced if these factors were equalized to that of white patients.
DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Nikhil Kotha, Abhishek Kumar, Edmund M. Qiao, Alex S. Qian, Rohith S. Voora, Vinit Nalawade, A. Karim Kader, Rana R. McKay, Tyler F. Stewart, Brent S. Rose
Summary: The study suggests that African American patients with bladder cancer have inferior outcomes compared to White patients, but receiving medical care within an equal-access system can reduce disparities in stage at presentation and survival outcomes for African American patients.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Nina Afshar, S. Ghazaleh Dashti, Victoria Mar, Luc te Marvelde, Sue Evans, Roger L. Milne, Dallas R. English
Summary: Women diagnosed with melanoma have better survival rates than men, and factors such as tumor thickness and tumor site play a significant role in reducing the survival gap between genders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Yi Guo, Sarah M. Szurek, Jiang Bian, Dejana Braithwaite, Jonathan D. Licht, Elizabeth A. Shenkman
Summary: The study found that some cancer fatalistic beliefs are associated with breast and colorectal cancer screening in north-central Florida, but not all. Additionally, there were no observed rural-non-rural disparities in the association between fatalistic beliefs and cancer screening utilization.
Article
Surgery
Michael Darden, Geoff Parker, Edward Anderson, Joseph F. Buell
Summary: Studies show sex disparities in liver transplantation rates. 19% of the disparity can be explained by differences in size between men and women. Transplantation rates vary between genders increase with the ratio of male-to-female height and weight.
Article
Microbiology
Chan Wang, Jiyoung Ahn, Thaddeus Tarpey, Stella S. Yi, Richard B. Hayes, Huilin Li
Summary: This study proposes a new microbial causal mediation model framework to uncover the mediating role of the microbiome in health disparities. The utility of this framework is demonstrated through three BMI studies, which show that the microbiome plays a crucial role in explaining disparities in BMI between different ethnicities or regions.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Zheng Wu, Fengwei Tan, Zhuoyu Yang, Fei Wang, Wei Cao, Chao Qin, Xuesi Dong, Yadi Zheng, Zilin Luo, Liang Zhao, Yiwen Yu, Yongjie Xu, Jiansong Ren, Jufang Shi, Hongda Chen, Jiang Li, Wei Tang, Sipeng Shen, Ning Wu, Wanqing Chen, Ni Li, Jie He
Summary: Significant gender differences in the risk of lung cancer were discovered in non-smokers in China. Existing risk factors did not explain the excess lung cancer risk in all non-smoking men, and most known risk factors were more harmful to non-smoking women. The main causes of gender differences in lung cancer risk were lifestyle factors, baseline comorbidity, and family history.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Cesar Higgins Tejera, Erin B. Ware, Lindsay C. Kobayashi, Mingzhou Fu, Margaret Hicken, Matthew Zawistowski, Bhramar Mukherjee, Kelly M. Bakulski
Summary: In a nationally representative sample in the United States, elevated cystatin C was found to be associated with dementia prevalence. The study also suggested that the effect of cystatin C on racial disparities in dementia may be moderated by race/ethnicity. These findings provide evidence of the importance of cystatin C in brain health and its potential role in racial disparities in dementia.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Sanjay R. Patel, Jessie P. Bakker, Christy J. Stitt, Mark S. Aloia, S. Mehdi Nouraie
Summary: CPAP adherence varies significantly by demographics, with 18- to 30-year-old women having the lowest adherence. The pattern of CPAP use over the first 90 days also differs by age and sex, with older patients showing more stable and gradual increases in usage compared to younger patients. Further research on addressing disparities in CPAP adherence will be crucial for optimizing the benefits of CPAP therapy.
Article
Surgery
Khaled I. Alnahhal, Vanessa Urhiafe, Meyyammai Narayanan, Ali Irshad, Payam Salehi
Summary: The concomitance of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and primary lung cancer (LC) is not uncommon due to shared risk factors. This study analyzed the National Inpatient Sample database and found that LC patients had a higher incidence of AAA compared to the general population. In all age groups, female smokers also had a higher rate of AAA.
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Amanda E. Ng, Rodman Turpin, Eric M. Connor, Natalie Slopen
Summary: This study examines the association between childhood socioeconomic disadvantage and all-cause mortality, and finds that males are more vulnerable to this association. Education, substance use, depression, and underlying health conditions play important roles in mediating this association. Further research is needed to clarify the developmental mechanisms behind sex differences and identify effective intervention strategies.
Article
Oncology
Kristin J. Moore, Christopher L. Moertel, Lindsay A. Williams
Summary: The study found that treatment received may partially mediate the association between sex and death after a CNS tumor, but sex itself appears to be a stronger risk factor for death. Male patients had worse overall survival than females for several histologic types, with an increased risk of death after a brain tumor diagnosis. The excess mortality due to sex was significant among males with CNS tumors.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sarah N. Cox, Emily M. Scott, Julia H. Rogers, Eric J. Chow, Jessica K. Wasse, Marco Carone, James P. Hughes, Helen Y. Chu
Summary: This study investigated the presence and impact of long COVID among people experiencing homelessness (PEH). The results showed that many individuals in sheltered settings continued to experience symptoms 30 or more days after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but only a few sought medical care. This suggests that the impact of COVID-19 extends beyond acute illness and may worsen existing challenges faced by marginalized populations in maintaining their health and well-being.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Denise J. McCulloch, Julia H. Rogers, Yongzhe Wang, Eric J. Chow, Amy C. Link, Caitlin R. Wolf, Timothy M. Uyeki, Melissa A. Rolfes, Emily Mosites, Jaydee Sereewit, Jeffrey S. Duchin, Nancy K. Sugg, Alexander L. Greninger, Michael J. Boeckh, Janet A. Englund, Jay Shendure, James P. Hughes, Lea M. Starita, Pavitra Roychoudhury, Helen Y. Chu
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes disproportionate morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations. In a study conducted in homeless shelters in Seattle, RSV was detected in 35 out of 15,364 tested specimens, compared to 77 cases of influenza. Both RSV and influenza showed similar symptoms of cough and rhinorrhea, and significantly impacted individuals' ability to perform regular activities.
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Natalie L. Wu, Yan Chen, Bryan V. Dieffenbach, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Sangeeta Hingorani, Rebecca M. Howell, John L. Jefferies, Daniel A. Mulrooney, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Leslie L. Robison, Brent R. Weil, Yan Yuan, Yutaka Yasui, Melissa M. Hudson, Wendy M. Leisenring, Gregory T. Armstrong, Eric J. Chow
Summary: This study developed a model to predict the risk of kidney failure among childhood cancer survivors based on demographic and treatment characteristics. The model demonstrated high accuracy and predictive power in identifying survivors at risk of late kidney failure. This can inform screening and intervention strategies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
James E. Bates, Suman Shrestha, Qi Liu, Susan A. Smith, Daniel A. Mulrooney, Wendy Leisenring, Todd Gibson, Leslie L. Robison, Eric J. Chow, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Gregory T. Armstrong, Louis S. Constine, Bradford S. Hoppe, Choonsik Lee, Yutaka Yasui, Rebecca M. Howell
Summary: Radiation-associated cardiac disease is a major concern for childhood cancer survivors, with potential risks to cardiac substructures from radiotherapy. There may be no threshold dose below which radiation to the cardiac substructures does not increase the risk of cardiac diseases, highlighting the need for careful treatment planning.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stephanie B. Dixon, Qi Liu, Eric J. Chow, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Paul C. Nathan, Rebecca M. Howell, Wendy M. Leisenring, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Kirsten K. Ness, Kevin R. Krull, Ann C. Mertens, Melissa M. Hudson, Leslie L. Robison, Yutaka Yasui, Gregory Armstrong
Summary: This study found that childhood cancer survivors have a higher risk of late mortality even 40 years after diagnosis, including the leading causes of death in the US population. Modifiable lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors were associated with reduced risk for late mortality.
Article
Oncology
Bryan Dieffenbach, Andrew J. Murphy, Qi Liu, Duncan C. Ramsey, Erik J. Geiger, Lisa R. Diller, Rebecca M. Howell, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Leslie L. Robison, Yutaka Yasui, Gregory T. Armstrong, Eric J. Chow, Brent R. Weil, Christopher B. Weldon
Summary: This study examined the burden of late major surgical interventions among childhood cancer survivors compared with their siblings. It found that childhood cancer survivors have a significant risk of needing major surgeries even more than 20 years after their diagnosis. Specific cancer treatments were associated with higher risks of late surgical interventions. Regular healthcare evaluations and early interventions are needed for the long-term care of childhood cancer survivors.
Review
Oncology
MatthewJ Ehrhardt, Jan M. Leerink, Renee L. Mulder, Annelies Mavinkurve-Groothuis, Wouter Kok, Anju Nohria, Paul C. Nathan, Remy Merkx, Esmee de Baat, Ogechukwu A. Asogwa, Roderick Skinner, Hamish Wallace, E. A. M. Lieke Feijen, Maelle de Ville de Goyet, Maya Prasad, Edit Bardi, Vesna Pavasovic, Helena van der Pal, Brice Fresneau, Charlotte Demoor-Goldschmidt, Ulrike Hennewig, Julia Steinberger, Chris Plummer, Ming Hui Chen, ArcoJ Teske, Nadia Haddy, Elvira C. van Dalen, Louis S. Constine, Eric J. Chow, Gill Levitt, Melissa M. Hudson, Leontien C. M. Kremer, Saro H. Armenian
Summary: Survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer who were previously treated with anthracycline chemotherapy or radiotherapy that exposed the heart have an increased risk of developing cardiomyopathy. Specialist organizations have endorsed guidelines on cardiac surveillance for these high-risk cancer survivors, as symptomatic cardiomyopathy is typically preceded by asymptomatic changes in heart structure and function. The International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group compiled these guidelines into a uniform set of recommendations applicable to different clinical environments. This systematic review and guideline provide updated recommendations based on evidence published up to September 2020.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicholas S. Phillips, Kayla L. Stratton, AnnaLynn M. Williams, Tim Ahles, Kirsten K. Ness, Harvey Jay Cohen, Kim Edelstein, Yutaka Yasui, Kevin Oeffinger, Eric J. Chow, Rebecca M. Howell, Leslie L. Robison, Gregory T. Armstrong, Wendy M. Leisenring, Kevin R. Krull
Summary: Adult survivors of childhood cancer may have an elevated risk for late-onset neurocognitive impairments. Modifiable risk factors identified in early survivorship are associated with the increased risk.
Article
Oncology
Natasha N. Frederick, James L. Klosky, Lillian Meacham, Gwendolyn P. Quinn, Joanne F. Kelvin, Brooke Cherven, David R. Freyer, Christopher C. Dvorak, Julienne Brackett, Sameeya Ahmed-Winston, Elyse Bryson, H. Irene Su, Eric J. Chow, Jennifer Levine
Summary: This study investigated the fertility discussion practices in 220 Children's Oncology Group member institutions. It found that fertility discussions were not routine and males were more likely to be offered appropriate options compared to females. There were no specific criteria for offering fertility preservation options for females, while there were clearer criteria for males.
JCO ONCOLOGY PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Peng Xia, Jingrui Chen, Yadav Sapkota, Erika N. Scott, Yuening Liu, Melissa M. Hudson, Shahrad R. Rassekh, Bruce C. Carleton, Colin J. D. Ross, Eric J. Chow, Zhaokang Cheng
Summary: This study found that RBL2 is an endogenous CDK2 inhibitor in the heart, which can inhibit FOXO1-mediated pro-apoptotic gene expression. Loss of RBL2 increases sensitivity to DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. These findings suggest that RBL2 could be used as a biomarker to predict the risk of cardiotoxicity before the initiation of anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
JACC: CARDIOONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
David H. Noyd, Qi Liu, Yutaka Yasui, Eric J. Chow, Smita Bhatia, Paul C. Nathan, Andrew P. Landstrom, Emily Tonorezos, Jacqueline Casillas, Amy Berkman, Kirsten K. Ness, Daniel A. Mulrooney, Wendy M. Leisenring, Carrie R. Howell, Jamie Shoag, Anne Kirchhoff, Rebecca M. Howell, Todd M. Gibson, Leah L. Zullig, Gregory T. Armstrong, Kevin C. Oeffinger
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether the disparities in cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) caused by race/ethnicity among childhood cancer survivors are similar to those in the general population. The results showed that non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic survivors reported higher incidence rates of diabetes, obesity, and multiple CVRFs compared to non-Hispanic White survivors. Therefore, promoting cardiovascular health equity is crucial in this high-risk population.
JACC: CARDIOONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Kimberly W. Keefe, Andrea Lanes, Kayla Stratton, Daniel M. Green, Eric J. Chow, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Sara Barton, Lisa Diller, Yutaka Yasui, Wendy M. Leisenring, Gregory T. Armstrong, Elizabeth S. Ginsburg
Summary: Linking the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study database to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System revealed that childhood cancer survivors are as likely to undergo treatment with assisted reproductive technology as their siblings. The success of assisted reproductive technology was not reduced after alkylator exposure.
Article
Immunology
Jessica Heimonen, Eric J. Chow, Yongzhe Wang, James P. Hughes, Julia Rogers, Anne Emanuels, Jessica O'Hanlon, Peter D. Han, Caitlin R. Wolf, Jennifer K. Logue, Constance E. Ogokeh, Melissa A. Rolfes, Timothy M. Uyeki, Lea Starita, Janet A. Englund, Helen Y. Chu
Summary: The study found that there was an increased risk of subsequent respiratory viral infections within 90 days after the initial virus detection. Primary infections of rhinovirus, human parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus were associated with a significantly higher risk of subsequent infections.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Julia C. Bennett, Anne Emanuels, Jessica Heimonen, Jessica O'Hanlon, James P. Hughes, Peter D. Han, Eric J. Chow, Constance E. Ogokeh, Melissa A. Rolfes, Christine M. Lockwood, Brian Pfau, Timothy M. Uyeki, Jay Shendure, Samara Hoag, Kairsten Fay, Jover Lee, Thomas R. Sibley, Julia H. Rogers, Lea M. Starita, Janet A. Englund, Helen Y. Chu
Summary: A study found that the presence of common respiratory viruses is associated with higher S. pneumoniae nasal carriage density in children but not in adults in a household setting.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Julia H. Rogers, Sarah N. Cox, Amy C. Link, Gift Nwanne, Peter D. D. Han, Brian Pfau, Eric J. Chow, Caitlin R. Wolf, Michael Boeckh, James P. Hughes, M. Elizabeth Halloran, Timothy M. Uyeki, M. Mia Shim, Jeffrey Duchin, Janet A. Englund, Emily Mosites, Melissa A. Rolfes, Lea A. Starita, Helen Y. Y. Chu
Summary: Homeless shelter residents and staff are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study conducted routine surveillance and outbreak testing in 23 homeless shelters in King County, Washington, and found an infection rate of 4.74 per 100 individuals, with most infections being asymptomatic.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
