Journal
CANCER BIOLOGY & THERAPY
Volume 15, Issue 5, Pages 481-482Publisher
LANDES BIOSCIENCE
DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28465
Keywords
AR-A014418; GSK3; apoptosis; neuroblastoma
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Funding
- NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK52825, R01 DK052825] Funding Source: Medline
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Downstream of growth factor receptors, signaling by the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is known to play an important role in the growth and survival of many tumor types. The PI3K pathway simplistically comprises PI3K itself, followed by PDK-1, then AKT and finally glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3).(1) PI3K/AKT signaling promotes increased GSK3 phosphorylation, that is associated with reduced GSK3 activity. There are two isoforms of GSK3, GSK3 alpha and GSK3 beta, which have a high degree of sequence homology.(2) GSK3 plays a role not only in the regulation of glycogen synthase activity but in the expression of multiple other proteins that play a role in cancer biology, including cyclins and anti-apoptotic proteins.(3,4)
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