Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
R. Wang, D. A. Renouf
Summary: This case report describes a breast cancer survivor who developed rebound hypercalcemia after discontinuation of long-term denosumab treatment. The patient required multiple treatments to achieve long-term normalization of hypercalcemia. Rebound hypercalcemia post-denosumab cessation is a rare but serious complication that clinicians should be aware of.
OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Charles L. Shapiro
Summary: Bone-modifying agents play a crucial role in the treatment of breast cancer, preventing and treating osteoporosis and skeletal metastases. Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake with regular evaluations are recommended for osteoporosis prevention.
CLINICAL BREAST CANCER
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ines Limam, Mohamed Abdelkarim, Mohamed El Ayeb, Michel Crepin, Naziha Marrakchi, Melanie Di Benedetto
Summary: This study demonstrated that Leb-C derived from the venom of Macrovipera lebetina transmediterrannea snakes disrupted the adhesion, migration, and invasion capabilities of breast cancer cells, as well as the adhesion, migration, and invasion of endothelial cells and fibroblast-growth-factor-2-induced proliferation of endothelial cells. In vivo experiments using nude mice showed that treatment with Leb-C resulted in a significant reduction in xenograft tumor size and tumor angiogenesis. These findings suggest the potential utility of Leb-C for inhibiting aggressive and resistant metastatic breast cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Takashi Ishikawa
Summary: Zoledronic acid and denosumab are clinically important bone-modifying agents in breast cancer management. They have different anticancer activities and may improve survival through various mechanisms. Further studies and effective clinical use of these agents are anticipated to improve clinical outcomes for breast cancer patients.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jens-Uwe Blohmer, Theresa Link, Mattea Reinisch, Marianne Just, Michael Untch, Oliver Stotzer, Peter A. Fasching, Andreas Schneeweiss, Pauline Wimberger, Sabine Seiler, Jens Huober, Marc Thill, Christian Jackisch, Kerstin Rhiem, Christine Solbach, Claus Hanusch, Fenja Seither, Carsten Denkert, Knut Engels, Valentina Nekljudova, Sibylle Loibl
Summary: The study showed that adding denosumab to anthracycline/taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not improve pCR rates, while using nab-paclitaxel at a dosage of 125 mg/m(2) weekly significantly increased the pCR rate.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Taewook Kang, Si Young Park, Soon Hyuck Lee, Jong Hoon Park, Seung Woo Suh
Summary: This study compared the effects of DEN and ZOL on postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and found that DEN was associated with greater increase in BMD and TBS, as well as greater inhibition of bone remodeling compared with ZOL.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Christopher Li, Meghan R. Flanagan, Mei-Tzu C. Tang, Peggy L. Porter, Kathleen E. Malone
Summary: This study demonstrates that bisphosphonate use is associated with a lower risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer among women with a history of DCIS, suggesting a potential preventative approach for this high-risk population.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kristin M. D'Silva, Sara Jane Cromer, Elaine W. Yu, Michael Fischer, Seoyoung C. Kim
Summary: This study found that compared to denosumab, treatment with zoledronic acid for osteoporosis and possibly malignancy-related bone disease is associated with a modestly increased risk of incident atrial fibrillation in the first year of treatment.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei Lin, Xing-fu Li, Dong-cheng Ren, Meng Song, Li Duan, Jin-zhu Liu, Zi-rui Zhan
Summary: The study demonstrated that ZOL treatment suppressed RANKL expression through the miR-101-3p/RANKL, miR-302/PRKACB/RANKL, and miR-145/SMAD3/RANKL signaling pathways. Down-regulation of RANKL by ZOL treatment alleviated osteoporosis in HIV-positive subjects on tenofovir therapy.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mark A. Jara, Jeena Varghese, Mimi I. Hu
Summary: Bone metastatic disease can cause serious adverse events. Bone-directed therapies are available to prevent bone-related adverse events, but they can have side effects related to dosage and treatment duration. These side effects range from common and mild symptoms like fever, myalgias, and arthralgias, to less common but more severe side effects like medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fractures. Familiarity with the literature on adverse events associated with bone-directed therapies is important for clinicians.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xueju Qi, Cong Gao, Chuanjin Yin, Junting Fan, Xiaochen Wu, Chuanlong Guo
Summary: The Soluplus-BA micelles encapsulating betulinic acid exhibited enhanced anti-cancer activity by increasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), leading to enhanced inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cells and induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Additionally, Soluplus-BA showed inhibitory effects on endothelial cell tube formation, migration, and neovascularization, possibly through modulation of the HIF-1/VEGF-FAK signaling pathway. These findings suggest that Soluplus-BA could serve as an effective anti-breast cancer drug delivery system.
Review
Physiology
Masahiro Onji, Josef M. Penninger
Summary: RANK and RANKL are crucial regulators in mammalian physiology, involving bone metabolism, immune tolerance, antitumor immunity, and mammary gland biology. This article examines the various functions of RANKL/RANK in physiology and pathophysiology, and discusses the principles and strategies to modulate the RANKL/RANK pathway as a therapeutic target in immune-mediated cancer treatment.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Laura T. Dickens, Ben Derman, Jason T. Alexander
Summary: This synopsis summarizes the Endocrine Society guidelines for hypercalcemia of malignancy in adults.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mineon Park, Yong Jin Cho, Bora Kim, Young Jong Ko, Yuria Jang, Yeon Hee Moon, Hoon Hyun, Wonbong Lim
Summary: The study suggests that RANKL promotes migration and invasion of PCa cells through EMT, and inhibiting RANKL signaling may help prevent the metastasis of prostate cancer.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Theresa A. Guise, John J. Wysolmerski
Summary: A 60-year-old woman with somnolence and poor appetite presents to the emergency department. She has a history of invasive, high-grade urothelial carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and open radical cystectomy. Her serum calcium level is high, parathyroid hormone level is low, but no skeletal metastases are observed on bone scan.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Roberto Dinami, Luca Pompili, Eleonora Petti, Manuela Porru, Carmen D'Angelo, Serena Di Vito, Angela Rizzo, Virginia Campani, Giuseppe De Rosa, Alejandra Bruna, Violeta Serra, Miguel Mano, Mauro Giacca, Carlo Leonetti, Gennaro Ciliberto, Madalena Tarsounas, Antonella Stoppacciaro, Stefan Schoeftner, Annamaria Biroccio
Summary: miR-182-3p is identified as a post-transcriptional regulator of TRF2 and induces DNA damage and apoptosis by reducing TRF2 levels. Treatment with LNPs containing miR-182-3p can inhibit tumor growth in TNBC models and cross the blood-brain barrier for treating brain metastatic lesions.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amalia Luce, Angela Lombardi, Carmela Ferri, Silvia Zappavigna, Madhura S. Tathode, Amanda K. Miles, David J. Boocock, Jayakumar Vadakekolathu, Marco Bocchetti, Roberto Alfano, Rossella Sperlongano, Angela Ragone, Luigi Sapio, Vincenzo Desiderio, Silvio Naviglio, Tarik Regad, Michele Caraglia
Summary: Recently, we have shown that miR-423-5p influences the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of miR-423-5p on the proteomic profile to identify its targets and affected pathways. Proteomic analysis revealed differential expression of 63 proteins in miR-423-5p-transfected cells, and pathway enrichment analysis showed inhibition of glycolysis and amino acid metabolism, along with downregulation of proteins involved in transcription, hypoxia, immune response, inflammation, and ion transport. We also identified seven proteins commonly targeted by miR-423-5p and differentially expressed proteins, and analyzed their expression and impact on patient survival. Overall, miR-423-5p induces alterations in metabolism and tumor-associated processes in prostate cancer cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alessandro Ottaiano, Mariachiara Santorsola, Luisa Circelli, Francesco Perri, Marco Cascella, Francesco Sabbatino, Maurizio Capuozzo, Vincenza Granata, Silvia Zappavigna, Angela Lombardi, Marianna Scrima, Nadia Petrillo, Monica Ianniello, Marika Casillo, Oreste Gualillo, Guglielmo Nasti, Michele Caraglia, Giovanni Savarese
Summary: This study examines the impact of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, weight, and p53 mutations on the prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Patients were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes according to ADA criteria and classified hypertension based on ACC/AHA guidelines. Overall survival analysis showed that diabetic patients had lower disease control rates and that the concurrent presence of type 2 diabetes, BMI, and hypertension was an independent prognostic factor. P53 mutations were found to be associated with BMI and had a negative impact on prognosis, suggesting a complex relationship between metabolism and cancer occurrence.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Grazia Ferraro, Marco Bocchetti, Claudia Riccardi, Marco Trifuoggi, Luigi Paduano, Daniela Montesarchio, Gabriella Misso, Rita Santamaria, Marialuisa Piccolo, Carlo Irace
Summary: Based on strong preclinical evidence, this study focuses on the treatment of challenging indications, such as TNBC, using a novel ruthenium-based metallotherapeutics. An experimental model was used to validate the potential of the liposomal nanoformulation HoThyRu/DOTAP, which effectively delivered the antiproliferative compound AziRu to inhibit TNBC cell growth, migration, and invasion.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Martino, Chiara Tammaro, Gabriella Misso, Michela Falco, Marianna Scrima, Marco Bocchetti, Ilaria Rea, Luca De Stefano, Michele Caraglia
Summary: MicroRNA (miRNA) are small nucleotides that regulate physiological functions and diseases, especially in cancer. Detection methods such as RT-qPCR, microarrays, and small RNA sequencing have been used for the past 30 years. The advent of nanotechnology has allowed the development of nanostructured biosensors, which offer advantages such as portability, large surface-volume ratio, and increased sensitivity. This review explores the role of nanostructured biosensors in miRNA detection, particularly using electrochemical and optical sensing methods, and highlights the properties and applications of different nanomaterials.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Rossella Di Paola, Ananya De, Raafiah Izhar, Marianna Abate, Silvia Zappavigna, Anna Capasso, Alessandra F. Perna, Antonella La Russa, Giovambattista Capasso, Michele Caraglia, Mariadelina Simeoni
Summary: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to the accumulation and production of uremic toxins, which activate harmful processes. Gut dysbiosis is common in CKD patients and promotes the growth of certain bacteria that release substances like p-Cresol, Indoxyl Sulfate, and p-Cresyl Sulfate. These substances play a role in chronic inflammation, free radical production, and immune dysfunction, potentially contributing to colon cancer development. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind this association.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Elisa Martino, Nunzia D'Onofrio, Camilla Anastasio, Marianna Abate, Silvia Zappavigna, Michele Caraglia, Maria Luisa Balestrieri
Summary: Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) play dual roles as oncogenes and tumor suppressors in carcinogenesis by controlling gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. The off-target effect of miRNAs limits their potential therapeutic use, but encapsulating them in nanostructured carriers enables targeted destruction of cancer cells without harming healthy tissues. Nanoparticles (NPs) with their small size and optimal surface/size ratio can encapsulate, protect, and release miRNAs, providing a promising strategy for cancer treatment. This review discusses the latest advances in miRNA-encapsulating NPs for cancer therapy, with a focus on colorectal cancer and its metastatic forms, which are among the most common malignancies worldwide.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Marianna Abate, Angela Lombardi, Amalia Luce, Manuela Porru, Carlo Leonetti, Marco Bocchetti, Virginia Campani, Giuseppe De Rosa, Sossio Fabio Graziano, Valeria Nele, Francesco Cardile, Federica Zito Marino, Renato Franco, Andrea Ronchi, Marianna Scrima, Rossella Sperlongano, Roberto Alfano, Gabriella Misso, Evzen Amler, Michele Caraglia, Silvia Zappavigna
Summary: This study demonstrates that nanodiamonds can effectively deliver miRNA to inhibit tumor development and progression. The nanodiamonds have excellent biocompatibility, and the miR-34a conjugated with nanodiamonds can effectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, the miR-34a-conjugated nanodiamonds exhibit remarkable anti-tumor effects in mouse models.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Francesco Perri, Francesco Sabbatino, Alessandro Ottaiano, Roberta Fusco, Michele Caraglia, Marco Cascella, Francesco Longo, Rosalia Anna Rega, Giovanni Salzano, Monica Pontone, Maria Luisa Marciano, Arianna Piccirillo, Massimo Montano, Morena Fasano, Fortunato Ciardiello, Giuseppina Della Vittoria Scarpati, Franco Ionna
Summary: Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is implicated in the development of both solid and hematologic malignancies, particularly nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs). Viral proteins produced during the latent phase of EBV in epithelial cells can induce or promote carcinogenesis and can be targeted by immunotherapy strategies. The use of check-point inhibitors has shown promising results in treating EBV-associated carcinomas.
Review
Oncology
Alessandro Ottaiano, Mariachiara Santorsola, Luisa Circelli, Anna Maria Trotta, Francesco Izzo, Francesco Perri, Marco Cascella, Francesco Sabbatino, Vincenza Granata, Marco Correra, Luca Tarotto, Salvatore Stilo, Francesco Fiore, Nicola Martucci, Antonello La Rocca, Carmine Picone, Paolo Muto, Valentina Borzillo, Andrea Belli, Renato Patrone, Edoardo Mercadante, Fabiana Tatangelo, Gerardo Ferrara, Annabella Di Mauro, Giosue Scognamiglio, Massimiliano Berretta, Maurizio Capuozzo, Angela Lombardi, Jerome Galon, Oreste Gualillo, Ugo Pace, Paolo Delrio, Giovanni Savarese, Stefania Scala, Guglielmo Nasti, Michele Caraglia
Summary: Oligometastatic disease is a condition in which cancer spreads to only a few distant sites, and it is associated with a more favorable prognosis compared to polymetastatic disease. Recent studies have identified specific molecular and genetic features that underlie the oligometastatic phenotype, suggesting the potential for personalized therapies. This scoping review highlights new clinical, biological, and methodological challenges in understanding and treating oligometastatic disease.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Alessandro Ottaiano, Luisa Circelli, Mariachiara Santorsola, Michele Caraglia
Review
Biology
Alessandro Ottaiano, Monica Ianniello, Mariachiara Santorsola, Raffaella Ruggiero, Roberto Sirica, Francesco Sabbatino, Francesco Perri, Marco Cascella, Massimiliano Di Marzo, Massimiliano Berretta, Michele Caraglia, Guglielmo Nasti, Giovanni Savarese
Summary: Cancer is a complex disease characterized by aberrant cellular behaviors and genetic variances, leading to tumor heterogeneity. This heterogeneity poses challenges in cancer prognosis and treatment, and understanding and quantifying it is crucial. This review emphasizes the significance of comprehending tumor heterogeneity to raise awareness about this elusive characteristic of cancer.
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Valerio Nardone, Caterina Romeo, Emma D'Ippolito, Pierpaolo Pastina, Maria D'Apolito, Luigi Pirtoli, Michele Caraglia, Luciano Mutti, Giovanna Bianco, Antonella Consuelo Falzea, Rocco Giannicola, Antonio Giordano, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Claudia Vinciguerra, Isacco Desideri, Mauro Loi, Alfonso Reginelli, Salvatore Cappabianca, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Pierpaolo Correale
Summary: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients often experience complications from central nervous system (CNS) metastases, which greatly impact their life expectancy and quality of life. Current clinical trials involving neurosurgery, radiotherapy (RT), and systemic treatments have yielded conflicting results. CNS involvement is more frequent in NSCLC patients with EGFR activating mutations or ALK rearrangement, suggesting the potential role of targeted therapy as the initial treatment instead of local therapies such as RT or surgery. However, the use of accurate brain imaging, such as MRI, to identify patients who could benefit from local therapies has not been extensively studied in clinical research. Additionally, there are no clear guidelines on the timing of intervention with regards to innovative precision medicine approaches when concomitant RT is required. This review aims to discuss therapeutic strategies that integrate medical and radiation oncology in patients with metastatic NSCLC (mNSCLC) adenocarcinoma with CNS involvement and specific genetic mutations.
