Treatment of Core-Binding-Factor in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia With Fludarabine, Cytarabine, and Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor Results in Improved Event-free Survival

BACKGROUND. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) associated with core-binding-factor (CBF) abnormalities is the type of leukemia most responsive to cytarabine (ara-C) therapy and is of relative favorable prognosis. In vitro and ex vivo observations suggest that increases in intracellular ara-C levels influenced by administration of fludarabine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) increase the effect of ara-C, prompting us to clinically evaluate the efficacy of such combinations. METHODS. We analyzed the event-free survival of patients with newly diagnosed CBF AML treated with fludarabine and ara-C (FA) (N = 45) or with FA and GCSF (FLAG) (N = 22) and compared results to patients treated with regimens consisting of idarubicin and ara-C with or without GCSF (IA/IAG) (N = 47). RESULTS. After accounting for prognostic covariates other than treatment (including year in which treatment was administered), FA, and in particular FLAG, were associated with longer event-free survival than IA/LAG. CONCLUSIONS. Thus, our data lends clinical credence to the observed modulation of ara-C by fludarabine and GCSE Cancer 2008;113:3181-5. (C) 2008 American Cancer Society.