Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wai-Yin Cheng, Ka-Lung Lam, Xiaojie Li, Alice Pik-Shan Kong, Peter Chi-Keung Cheung
Summary: This study demonstrated that oral administration of oat beta-glucan can alleviate circadian disruption-induced metabolic syndrome by enhancing gut microbiota diversity, increasing beneficial bacterial populations, and promoting butyrate production to improve weight gain, glucose tolerance, and endocrine function.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sineaid M. M. Collins, Glenn R. R. Gibson, Gavin N. N. Stainton, Andrea Bertocco, Orla B. B. Kennedy, Gemma E. E. Walton, Daniel M. M. Commane
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether chronic consumption of I + AX could decrease appetite and energy intake, and increase intestinal propionate production in humans. The results showed that I + AX was associated with a reduction in energy intake, increased faecal SCFA concentration, and an increase in cell counts of beneficial microbial genera.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jules Petit, Irene de Bruijn, Mark R. G. Goldman, Erik van den Brink, Wilbert F. Pellikaan, Maria Forlenza, Geert F. Wiegertjes
Summary: Dietary supplementation of fish with beta-glucans has been found to have immunomodulatory effects, but the exact mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, the researchers identified the active naive microbiota in the intestine of common carp and found that certain bacteria are capable of fermenting dietary beta-glucans. They also observed fermentation of two different beta-glucan preparations in vitro, resulting in the production of distinct short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Additionally, they demonstrated the potential immunomodulatory effects of SCFAs on head kidney leukocytes, suggesting a possible role in beta-glucan-induced immunomodulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Peter Philip James Jackson, Anisha Wijeyesekera, Jessica van Harsselaar, Stephan Theis, Robert Adrian Rastall
Summary: This study explored the effects of inulin-type fructans, 2'fucosyllactose, and barley beta-glucan, alone and in combination, on microbial load, microbiome profile, and production of short-chain fatty acids. The results showed that the combination of oligofructose, beta-glucan, and 2'fucosyllactose caused selective changes in microbial composition and short-chain fatty acid production compared to individual supplementation.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Lidija Arapovic, Yi Huang, Elin Manell, Else Verbeek, Linda Keeling, Li Sun, Rikard Landberg, Torbjoern Lundh, Jan Erik Lindberg, Johan Dicksved
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of early supplementation with oat beta-glucan on the gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and gut physiological markers in suckling piglets. The results showed that piglet age had a greater influence on the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in plasma and the microbiota composition than the supplement. There were significant differences in microbiota composition between litters, and correlations between short-chain fatty acid concentrations and specific microbial taxa were observed. Overall, beta-glucan supplementation did not have a clear impact on the gut environment in suckling piglets, while an age-related pattern emerged.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hang Liu, Yaya Zou, Qijing Xuan, Rong Tian, Jing Zhu, Xiangru Qu, Min Sun, Yanlin Liu, Huaping Tang, Mei Deng, Qiantao Jiang, Qiang Xu, Yuanying Peng, Guoyue Chen, Wei Li, Zhien Pu, Yunfeng Jiang, Jirui Wang, Pengfi Qi, Yazhou Zhang, Youliang Zheng, Yuming Wei, Jian Ma
Summary: This study revealed the molecular mechanism of a shrunken endosperm mutant in barley and its potential application in the food industry. The loss of the ADP-glucose transporter gene HOR-VU6Hr1G037950 was found to cause the shrunken endosperm phenotype. The study provides new insights into barley grain development and suggests the potential use of the mutant in the food industry due to its elevated protein and beta-glucan contents.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Monica Redondo-Puente, Raquel Mateos, Miguel A. Seguido, Joaquin Garcia-Cordero, Susana Gonzalez, Rosa M. Tarradas, Laura Bravo-Clemente, Beatriz Sarria
Summary: The combination of oat beta-glucans and green coffee may reduce hunger more efficiently than green coffee alone, according to subjective measurements. However, there were no significant differences in food intake between the two nutraceuticals.
Article
Immunology
Hui Liang, Yu Li, Ming Li, Wei Zhou, Jie Chen, Zhen Zhang, Yalin Yang, Chao Ran, Zhigang Zhou
Summary: Beta-glucan can enhance the resistance of zebrafish against spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) by stimulating the type I interferon (IFN) antiviral immune response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Rebecca Mathews, Varsha Shete, YiFang Chu
Summary: This review examines the relationship between beta-glucan and body weight and adiposity. Observational studies suggest a link between oat intake and reduced body weight and adiposity. High quality randomized controlled trials indicate a causal relationship between beta-glucan consumption and reduction in body weight and body fat. Animal and human evidence suggests plausible mechanisms for this relationship.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yanjun Liu, Panpan Li, Wenjie Pan, Juan Zhao, Chen Guang Olnood, Yuanfa Liu, Yong-Jiang Xu
Summary: This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanism of Salecan supplementation in CCl4-induced liver injury. The results showed that Salecan alleviated liver injury through regulating inflammatory response and M2 macrophage polarization. Moreover, Salecan modulated gut microbiota composition and its metabolites played a part in the hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects against liver injury. These findings supported the potential of Salecan intervention for attenuating liver injury.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xuemin Jin, Yi Liu, Jiaqi Wang, Xuelin Wang, Bin Tang, Mingyuan Liu, Xiaolei Liu
Summary: The study discovered that beta-glucans can promote worm expulsion by modulating the gut microbiota, and daily oral supplementation of pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila has a stronger deworming effect compared to live bacteria, serving as an easily implementable strategy for expelling gastrointestinal helminths.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Gang Yang, Huimin Qiu, Ruihe Yu, Liufeng Xiong, Quangen Yan, Chungen Wen, Mo Peng
Summary: Supplementation of beta-glucan, inulin and emodin in the diet has been shown to benefit the health of grass carp by improving antioxidant capacity, suppressing inflammatory response, and enhancing intestinal barrier function.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Omnia Safwat El-Deeb, Rasha Osama Elesawy, Amira K. Eltokhy, Hanan Alsaeid Al-Shenawy, Heba Bassiony Ghanem, Fatma H. Rizk, Ramez A. E. Barhoma, Rania H. Shalaby, Amal M. Abdelsattar, Shaimaa S. Mashal, Kareman Ahmed Eshra, Radwa Mahmoud El-Sharaby, Dina Adam Ali, Rowida Raafat Ibrahim
Summary: A mechanistic understanding of the interactions between the mitochondria and the gut microbiome can provide innovative explanations for diseases and management approaches. Beta-glucans have anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating actions and can modify the microbiome/mitochondrial gut axis in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Using beta-glucan and fidarestat together shows therapeutic benefits in treating UC by targeting the microbiota/mitochondrial axis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Rebecca Mathews, YiFang Chu
Summary: This review analyzes the evidence from randomized controlled trials regarding the satiety perception of whole-grain oats, oat bran, and isolated beta-glucan. The findings suggest that whole-grain oats and oat bran are more effective at promoting satiety compared to other grain foods. Higher fiber and viscosity in oat products generally increase satiety perception. However, limited data on isolated beta-glucan make it difficult to draw clear conclusions. Increased fullness was found to be the most positive satiety measurement for whole-grain oat and oat bran products. However, the impact on short-term energy intake is inconsistent.
FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mohsen Chaharaein, Ehsan Sadeghi, Reza Mohammadi, Milad Rouhi, Mahya Soltani
Summary: The study found that adding beta-glucan and inulin to chicken sausages can effectively reduce levels of aflatoxin B-1 while maintaining texture and sensory properties. These sausages are acceptable for marketing and consumption.
CURRENT RESEARCH IN FOOD SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
John M. Jakicic, Robert Berkowitz, Paula Bolin, George A. Bray, Jeanne M. Clark, Mace Coday, Caitlin Egan, Mary Evans, John P. Foreyt, Janet E. Fulton, Frank L. Greenway, Edward W. Gregg, Helen P. Hazuda, James O. Hill, Edward S. Horton, Van S. Hubbard, Robert W. Jeffery, Karen C. Johnson, Ruby Johnson, Steven E. Kahn, Anne Kure, Wei Lang, Cora E. Lewis, David M. Nathan, Jennifer Patricio, Anne Peters, Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Henry Pownall, W. Jack Rejeski, Monika Safford, Kerry J. Stewart, Thomas A. Wadden, Michael P. Walkup, Rena R. Wing, Holly Wyatt
Summary: Increased accelerometry-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, emphasizing the need for long-term engagement in MVPA to reduce CVD risk in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Review
Physiology
Candida J. Rebello, Christopher L. Axelrod, Charles F. Reynolds, Frank L. Greenway, John P. Kirwan
Summary: This passage discusses the sequelae of long COVID-19, including depression and diabetes, and proposes the hypothesis that exercise can counter these sequelae by releasing circulating factors.
EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Domenica M. Rubino, Frank L. Greenway, Usman Khalid, Patrick M. O'Neil, Julio Rosenstock, Rasmus Sorrig, Thomas A. Wadden, Alicja Wizert, W. Timothy Garvey
Summary: In overweight or obese adults without diabetes, once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide resulted in significantly greater weight loss compared to once-daily subcutaneous liraglutide when added to counseling for diet and physical activity over 68 weeks.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Reynaldo Moreno Ucles, Antonio Gonzalez-Sarrias, Juan Carlos Espin, Francisco A. Tomas-Barberan, Marlene Janes, Henrique Cheng, John Finley, Frank Greenway, Jack N. Losso
Summary: The study suggests that red raspberry may help in treating inflammation and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. After consumption, levels of certain metabolites in red raspberry significantly increased in patients, leading to reduced inflammation and insulin resistance.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Kristina. J. J. Cook, Ann Coulter, Michael Keenan, Frank Greenway, Jack. N. N. Losso
Summary: This study evaluated the beneficial effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) and sodium propionate (NaP) on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) genes and proinflammatory cytokine production related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The results showed that NaP and NaB promoted FAO, regulated lipolysis, and reduced reactive oxygen species production in HepG2 cells. NaP and NaB also increased the mRNA expression of key genes related to FAO in different models. Additionally, only NaP treatment significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) expression in LPS-induced HepG2 cells. The findings suggest that NaP and NaB have potential for further in vivo studies on NAFLD.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Stefany D. Primeaux, Robert Dubin, Frank L. Greenway
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of an orlistat mouth rinse on the intake of a high-fat meal. The results showed that the orlistat mouth rinse decreased total and fat calories consumed during the high-fat meal in high-fat consumers, but did not alter calories consumed in low-fat consumers (P < 0.05).
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Candida J. Rebello, Dachuan Zhang, John P. Kirwan, Adam C. Lowe, Carlante J. Emerson, Chelsea L. Kracht, Lori C. Steib, Frank L. Greenway, William D. Johnson, Justin C. Brown
Summary: This study systematically summarized the effect of exercise training on whole-body insulin sensitivity and found that exercise training significantly increases insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Weight loss may maximize the effect and improve hepatic insulin sensitivity. Differences in tracer methodology contribute to divergent outcomes and should be considered in research conclusions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
John W. Apolzan, Jessica Gokee LaRose, Stephen D. Anton, Robbie A. Beyl, Frank L. Greenway, Edmond P. Wickham, Autumn Lanoye, Melissa N. Harris, Corby K. Martin, Tiffany Bullard, Gary D. Foster, Michelle I. Cardel
Summary: The efficacy of a scalable, virtually delivered, diabetes-tailored weight management program on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes was tested. The results showed that the program had positive and clinically meaningful effects on glycemic control, body weight, and psychosocial outcomes.
NUTRITION & DIABETES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ann A. Coulter, Frank L. Greenway, Dachuan Zhang, Sujoy Ghosh, Cathryn R. Coulter, Sarah L. James, Yanlin He, Luke A. Cusimano, Candida J. Rebello
Summary: Naringenin, an activator found in citrus fruits, has beneficial effects on thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity. Our study investigated if carotenoids can enhance the metabolic effects of naringenin on adipocytes. Results showed that beta-carotene acts synergistically with naringenin to improve thermogenesis and glucose metabolism genes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hassan M. Heshmati, Livio Luzi, Frank L. Greenway, Candida J. Rebello
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Alyssa N. Varanoske, Melissa N. Harris, Callie Hebert, Neil M. Johannsen, Steven B. Heymsfield, Frank L. Greenway, Arny A. Ferrando, Jennifer C. Rood, Stefan M. Pasiakos
Summary: The physical performance decrements observed during multi-stressor military operations may be attributed to cellular membrane dysfunction, which can be quantified using phase angle (PhA) derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Positive associations between PhA and performance have been reported, but it is unknown whether changes in PhA indicate acute decrements in performance during military operations.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Zheng Wang, Guillaume Spielmann, Neil Johannsen, Frank Greenway, Brian A. Irving, Marc Dalecki
Summary: This study demonstrates that normo-baric oxygen treatment can significantly improve participants' sequence learning processing speed, and this improvement consolidates after overnight sleep.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Candida J. Rebello, Tyler S. Morales, Katsya Chuon, Shu Dong, V. Tyrone Lam, Dan Purner, Stanley Lewis, Jonathan Lakey, Robbie A. Beyl, Frank L. Greenway
Summary: Insulin is secreted in pulses to regulate blood glucose levels. In type 2 diabetes, irregularities in insulin secretion occur. Native Americans have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes and are genetically predisposed to low beta-cell function. A retrospective chart review of metabolic outcomes in Native Americans showed improvements after physiologic hormone administration, suggesting the need for further investigation in randomized controlled trials.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christoph Hoechsmann, Shengping Yang, Jose M. Ordovas, James L. Dorling, Catherine M. Champagne, John W. Apolzan, Frank L. Greenway, Michelle I. Cardel, Gary D. Foster, Corby K. Martin
Summary: Weight loss differences between isocaloric high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets are generally small, but individual weight loss varies within diet groups. Genotype patterns may modify diet effects on weight loss.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Candida J. Rebello, Stephen Boue, Ronald J. Levy, Renee Puyau, Robbie A. Beyl, Frank L. Greenway, Mark L. Heiman, Jeffrey N. Keller, Charles F. Reynolds, John P. Kirwan
Summary: This study examined the safety of soybean products in Western diets and conducted a dose-escalating clinical trial in older adults with obesity. The results showed that consuming less than 30g of soybean flour per day is beneficial for cardiovascular and overall health, and can reduce the dependence on other food groups and nutrients in older adults with obesity.
