Article
Geology
Alba M. Rodriguez Padilla, Michael E. Oskin, Thomas K. Rockwell, Irina Delusina, Drake M. Singleton
Summary: Large, multi-fault earthquakes increase the threat of strong ground shaking and reshape the probability of future events across a system of faults. A study in California revealed that the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults co-ruptured multiple times in the past through the Cajon Pass earthquake gate. These co-rupture events have significant implications for seismic activity in the region.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Xin Liu, Gregory C. Beroza, Yehuda Ben-Zion
Summary: In this study, seismic attenuation tomography was performed for the shallow structure of the San Jacinto Fault using ambient seismic noise. The results revealed strong attenuation correlated with known fault surface traces and an asymmetric damage zone along the fault bimaterial interface.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Rita Touma, Alexandre Aubry, Yehuda Ben-Zion, Michel Campillo
Summary: This study explores a new approach to analyze the distribution of scatterers in fault zones using a reflection matrix method, providing insights into the importance of small-scale heterogeneities for the structural and mechanical models of fault zones. The method allows for the resolution of local intensities and locations of features within fault zones, offering insights into deep rock damage.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Enyuan Jiang, Kelly H. Liu, Yuan Gao, Xiaofei Fu, Stephen S. Gao
Summary: A systematic study of upper crustal anisotropy in a 15 km section of the San Jacinto Fault Zone in southern California reveals strong spatial variations, with fast orientations depending on raypath location and geometry. A three-dimensional model of upper crustal anisotropy was constructed based on these findings. Increases in raypath length normalized splitting times after a M4.7 earthquake in 2013 were observed, potentially reflecting changes in earthquake distribution rather than temporal changes in upper crustal anisotropy.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Heather R. Shaddox, Susan Y. Schwartz, Noel M. Bartlow
Summary: Understanding the interplay of seismic and aseismic slip is crucial for seismic hazard evaluation. Our study in the trifurcation area of the Anza segment of the San Jacinto fault revealed that all M-w > 4.5 earthquakes between 2010 and 2020 triggered afterslip, accompanied by near-repeating earthquake families and off-fault microseismicity. The geometries of afterslip determined by the near-repeating earthquake families are consistent with strain change observations, highlighting their potential as indicators of aseismic slip transients.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Dunyu Liu, Benchun Duan, Katherine Scharer, Doug Yule
Summary: Understanding the mechanical conditions that lead to complexity in earthquakes is crucial for seismic hazard analysis. This study uses physics-based dynamic models to simulate the effects of complex fault geometry and interseismic stress accumulation on earthquake recurrence. The findings show that these factors contribute to rupture segmentation and variability in earthquake recurrence. The study provides important insights for ground shaking assessment in the region.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryley G. G. Hill, Matthew Weingarten, Thomas K. K. Rockwell, Yuri Fialko
Summary: Hydrologic loads can induce seismicity in the Earth's crust. New geologic and paleoseismic data show that past major earthquakes on the southern San Andreas Fault likely occurred during high water levels of an ancient lake. Similar relationships between hydrologic loading and seismic activity may exist in other regions.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
C. K. Weigandt, W. A. Griffith, T. K. Rockwell
Summary: This study found that unconsolidated sediments require a sufficient confining pressure to initiate pulverization, and it takes multiple seismic cycles to reach the observed fracture densities. Additionally, sub-grain scale inelastic deformation was found to occur preferentially at high strain rates. These findings support a preferred northwest rupture direction along the southern section of the San Jacinto fault.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Peter M. M. Shearer, Haoran Meng, Wenyuan Fan
Summary: We have successfully detected thousands of small earthquakes near an active strand of the San Jacinto fault zone in southern California using a dense seismic array. By correcting site effects and performing beamforming analysis, we have identified 13,408 events, including a significant number that were not cataloged before. These detections exhibit distinct characteristics and patterns, such as clusters associated with known earthquake locations and a Gutenberg-Richter distribution of amplitudes. The presence of foreshocks and their rate increase before mainshocks also follows an inverse Omori's law.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Rita Touma, Thibaud Blondel, Arnaud Derode, Michel Campillo, Alexandre Aubry
Summary: This paper introduces a matrix approach for seismic imaging to retrieve a 3-D image of the subsoil with limited knowledge of background wave velocity. By analyzing reflection matrix and conducting matrix operations, it is possible to estimate and quantify background wave velocity fluctuations, and overcome the detrimental effect of wave velocity fluctuations on imaging by introducing a distortion matrix.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Keene W. Karlsson, Thomas K. Rockwell, John M. Fletcher, Paula M. Figueiredo, Jaziel Froylan Cambron Rosas, Allen M. Gontz, Sambit Prasanajit Naik, Pierre Lacan, Ronald M. Spelz, Lewis A. Owen, Ivan A. Pena Villa, Rodrigo Leon Loya
Summary: Detailed mapping and paleoseismic investigations along a fault scarp array associated with the Canada David detachment in Baja California, Mexico, revealed evidence of Holocene and late Pleistocene earthquakes with a recurrence interval of about 3,000 years. The mechanical behavior of misoriented low-angle normal faults like the Canada David detachment is similar to more optimally oriented faults, suggesting that earthquakes on such faults may be common and difficult to recognize using seismological methods.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
P. -E. Share, F. L. Vernon, Y. Ben-Zion
Summary: Key factors controlling earthquake ruptures include fault geometry, continuity, and seismic velocity structure around the fault. A novel tool is presented to better inform these factors in the San Jacinto fault zone in southern California. The results reveal a continuous bimaterial interface and deep northeast dipping fault segments within the fault zone, with implications for earthquake rupture speed, mode, directivity, and frictional heating.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
James J. Holmes, Neal W. Driscoll, Graham M. Kent
Summary: The Inner California Borderland (ICB) documents a middle Oligocene transition from subduction to microplate capture along the southern California and Baja coast. The Newport-Inglewood/Rose Canyon (NIRC) fault complex is a dextral strike-slip system with different Holocene slip rates in the south and north. High-resolution 3D seismic surveys reveal fault interactions and structural controls on the width of the continental shelf.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
K. A. Guns, R. Bennett, K. Blisniuk, A. Walker, A. Hidy, A. Heimsath
Summary: The Eastern Transverse Ranges province in California consists of a left-lateral fault system that accommodates block rotation between the San Andreas Fault system and the Eastern California Shear Zone. By analyzing geomorphic features and surface exposure samples, researchers have determined the long-term slip rate and identified a rate decrease around 71,000 years ago. This variability in slip rate may have implications for plate boundary reorganization in the area.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Lei Qin, Pieter-Ewald Share, Hongrui Qiu, Amir A. Allam, Frank L. Vernon, Yehuda Ben-Zion
Summary: Using seismic data, we imaged the internal structure of the San Jacinto fault zone near Anza, California, revealing three near-parallel surface traces that have experienced several Mw > 6 earthquakes. Analysis suggests the presence of a core damage zone in the fault zone, causing waveform changes and delays, as well as generating different types of fault zone trapped waves. The multiscale structural components observed relate to the geological and earthquake rupture history at the site, providing insights into the preferred northwest propagation of earthquake ruptures on the San Jacinto fault.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
T. K. Rockwell, E. Masana, W. D. Sharp, P. Stepancikova, M. Ferrater, Regina Mertz-Kraus
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Gayatri Indah Marliyani, Hurien Helmi, J. Ramon Arrowsmith, Amanda Clarke
JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Geography, Physical
Youngbeom Cheon, Jin-Hyuck Choi, Namgwon Kim, Hoil Lee, Iyre Choi, Hankyung Bae, Thomas K. Rockwell, Seung Ryeol Lee, Chung-Ryul Ryoo, Hanwoo Choi, Tae-Ho Lee
QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
(2020)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
P. O. Gold, W. M. Behr, J. M. Fletcher, T. K. Rockwell, P. M. Figueiredo
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
A. Hughes, R. E. Bell, Z. K. Mildon, D. H. Rood, A. C. Whittaker, T. K. Rockwell, Y. Levy, D. E. DeVecchio, S. T. Marshall, C. Nicholson
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Matthew T. Dorsey, Thomas K. Rockwell, Gary H. Girty, Giles A. Ostermeijer, John Browning, Thomas M. Mitchell, John M. Fletcher
Summary: The study reveals the circulation of oxidizing fluids rich in magnesium and sodium within the damaged zone of the Borrego fault, resulting in partial pulverization of rocks and abundant cataclastic seams. Analysis of the samples shows that porosity and volumetric strain peak in zones 1.5 m-10.5 m from the core.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Helen K. Coxall, Tom Dunkley Jones, Amy P. Jones, Peter Lunt, Ian MacMillan, Gayatri I. Marliyani, Christopher J. Nicholas, Aoife O'Halloran, Emanuela Piga, Prihardjo Sanyoto, Wartono Rahardjo, Paul N. Pearson
Summary: The Nanggulan section in south central Java provides a valuable archive for studying the marine environment and climate changes during the Eocene-Oligocene Transition, as well as for researching plankton evolution and volcanic activity in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool.
JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Pepen Supendi, Sri Widiyantoro, Nicholas Rawlinson, Adhi Wibowo, Priyobudi Priyobudi, Kadek Hendrawan Palgunadi, Andri Dian Nugraha, Iswandi Imran, Gayatri Indah Marliyani, Daryono Daryono, Bambang Setiyo Prayitno, Muhammad Sadly, Dwikorita Karnawati, Novita Sari, Anton Sugiharto
Summary: Hundreds of earthquakes occurred in Semangko Bay in southernmost Sumatra from 30 June 2021, and the seismicity pattern indicates that they were caused by several antithetic faults rather than a single fault. These earthquakes were likely associated with the tectonic activity in the Sunda Strait.
SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Thomas K. Rockwell, Aron J. Meltzner, Erik C. Haaker, Danielle Madugo
Summary: This study constrains the timing of past lake highstands in the Salton Trough using radiocarbon dating. The researchers developed two OxCal models and compiled reliable dates from paleoseismic and archeological sites. By comparing the models and incorporating historical accounts and paleohydrologic reconstruction, they determined the age ranges for seven lake highstands. However, the presence of age inheritance in the samples must be considered.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
O. Gomez-Novell, M. Ortuno, J. Garcia-Mayordomo, J. M. Insua-Arevalo, T. K. Rockwell, S. Baize, J. J. Martinez-Diaz, R. Pallas, E. Masana
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive paleoseismic analysis of the Alhama de Murcia Fault in SE Spain, deriving slip rate estimates and assessing their variability over time. The results highlight the importance of accounting for the complete sections of a fault for accurate slip rate estimation and reveal variability in slip rates along the fault.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryley G. G. Hill, Matthew Weingarten, Thomas K. K. Rockwell, Yuri Fialko
Summary: Hydrologic loads can induce seismicity in the Earth's crust. New geologic and paleoseismic data show that past major earthquakes on the southern San Andreas Fault likely occurred during high water levels of an ancient lake. Similar relationships between hydrologic loading and seismic activity may exist in other regions.
Article
Geography, Physical
James McCalpin, Francesca Ferrario, Paula Figueiredo, Franz Livio, Christoph Gruetzner, Malgorzata Pisarska-Jamrozy, Mark Quigley, Klaus Reicherter, Thomas Rockwell, Petra Stepancikova, Petr Taborik
Summary: Since the publication of Paleoseismology (2nd Edition) in 2009, there has been a lack of comprehensive survey on the new trends in Quaternary tectonics. This paper aims to address this issue by discussing the advancements in technologies and interpretations that have emerged in the past decade. The major technological advancements include remote sensing technologies such as drones, lidar, terrestrial laser scanning, Structure-from-Motion for 3D topographic surveys, and satellite geodesy like D-InSAR. Furthermore, there have been improvements in dating Quaternary deposits and integrating geophysical surveys in neotectonic investigations. These advancements have allowed for better recognition of smaller earthquakes and detection of off-fault deformation. However, the increasing amount of data poses challenges in quality control and may require a reassessment of interpretive paradigms.
QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Thomas K. Rockwell, Yann Klinger
Summary: A new study shows that the filling of Lake Cahuilla in the Salton Trough is related to large earthquakes. The hiatus in lake fillings between 100 BCE and 950 CE resulted in accelerated slip after re-inundation. This phenomenon is observed on other faults and is caused by increased pore pressure from water load during full lake inundations.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Alexander R. Simms, Dylan H. Rood, Thomas K. Rockwell
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2020)
Article
Archaeology
Anjali Phukan, Todd J. Braje, Thomas K. Rockwell, Isaac Ullah
ADVANCES IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL PRACTICE
(2019)