Article
Physics, Applied
Joseph H. Montoya, Muratahan Aykol, Abraham Anapolsky, Chirranjeevi B. Gopal, Patrick K. Herring, Jens S. Hummelshoj, Linda Hung, Ha-Kyung Kwon, Daniel Schweigert, Shijing Sun, Santosh K. Suram, Steven B. Torrisi, Amalie Trewartha, Brian D. Storey
Summary: This paper provides an overview of closed-loop research systems in materials science and discusses the potential of fully autonomous research systems using machine learning and artificial intelligence. It highlights the progress made in automating the scientific process and the opportunities it presents for more efficient materials discovery and innovation.
APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
F. Pelayo Garcia de Arquer, Dmitri Talapin, Victor Klimov, Yasuhiko Arakawa, Manfred Bayer, Edward H. Sargent
Summary: This article explores the distinctive behavior of electrons in quantum-confined semiconductor nanostructures and their impact on material properties, specifically focusing on the potential applications of zero-dimensional semiconductor quantum dots in optics and materials science.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Bikun Zhang, Jian Zhou, Zhimei Sun
Summary: The prevalence of MXenes has led to a growing interest in exploring two-dimensional transition metal borides, known as MBenes. MBenes have gained attention in the fields of nanomaterials, physics, and chemistry and have shown promising properties for energy storage and electrocatalysis applications. However, research on MBenes is in its early stages, and there are many potential properties and applications that still need to be explored.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2022)
Review
Ecology
Caragh G. Threlfall, Ezequiel M. Marzinelli, Alessandro Ossola, Ana B. Bugnot, Melanie J. Bishop, Elizabeth C. Lowe, Sam J. Imberger, Shona Myers, Peter D. Steinberg, Katherine A. Dafforn
Summary: Urbanization and its environmental stressors are often managed separately in different realms, but overlooking the connectivity between realms can lead to unintended negative outcomes. Successful cross-realm management requires considering connectivity, scale, and ecological processes, and implementing an integrated collaborative approach to achieve multiple benefits.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Review
Optics
Wenguang Yang, Xiaowen Wang, Zhen Wang, Wenfeng Liang, Zhixing Ge
Summary: This review presents the research progress and applications of light-powered micro-robots. Based on different driving mechanisms, these micro-robots are classified as photochemical-driven, photothermal-driven, photomechanical-driven, and optical tweezers-driven. The review also discusses future developments and challenges in this field.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Blessing Charuka, Donatus Bapentire Angnuureng, Emmanuel K. Brempong, Samuel K. M. Agblorti, Kwesi Twum Antwi Agyakwa
Summary: Coastal vulnerability assessments are crucial in understanding the impact of coastal hazards, which are exacerbated by climate-induced sea-level rise and anthropogenic impacts. However, the assessment of the coastal vulnerability index (CVI) in Ghana has been limited and lacking comprehensive information. To address this, an integrated coastal vulnerability index (ICVI) was developed using three social variables and six physical variables. The results show that 72% of the Ghanaian coast exhibits moderate to very high coastal vulnerability, highlighting the importance of updating coastal vulnerability and revising coastal adaptation policies.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xiongjie Li, Haixuan Yu, Zhirong Liu, Junyi Huang, Xiaoting Ma, Yuping Liu, Qiang Sun, Letian Dai, Shahzada Ahmad, Yan Shen, Mingkui Wang
Summary: This article mainly discusses key issues such as mechanical stability, water and oxygen resistance, and transparent electrodes for flexible perovskite solar cells. Roll-to-Roll technology presents a promising avenue for large-scale commercial application of flexible perovskite solar cells. Balancing the transmittance and conductivity of transparent electrodes has become a significant issue in developing efficient flexible perovskite solar cells.
NANO-MICRO LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Zhihao Xu, Zhiqiang Lv, Benjia Chu, Zhaoyu Sheng, Jianbo Li
Summary: Predicting future urban health status is crucial for identifying urban diseases and planning cities. By applying an improved meta-analysis approach and considering the complexity of cities as systems, this study selects eight urban factors and explores suitable prediction methods for these factors.
ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(2024)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Shuyan Chen, Na Liu, Fan Xu, Guodan Wei
Summary: This review comprehensively presents and discusses the research status, main challenges, and possible strategies to overcome the instability issues in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) from four main perspectives: perovskite, charge transport materials, electrodes, and encapsulations. The review also summarizes related testing standards and scalable fabrications to provide essential guidance toward future stable perovskite photovoltaics.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nils Baeumer, Jonas Matern, Gustavo Fernandez
Summary: The self-assembly of discrete molecular entities into functional nanomaterials has become a major research area in the past decades, with a particular focus on the supramolecular polymerization of metal-containing monomers. Significant advances have been made in this field, but challenges remain in producing metallosupramolecular polymers with advanced applications and functionalities.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Ziru Dai, Yue Wu, Yuan Xiong, Jingjing Wu, Min Wang, Xiao Sun, Xinxin Ding, Ling Yang, Xiaobo Sun, Guangbo Ge
Summary: Mammalian cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) is an essential enzyme involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Inhibiting CYP1A activity has shown potential for cancer chemoprevention and overcoming drug resistance. This review summarizes recent advances in the discovery and characterization of CYP1A inhibitors and provides comprehensive information on their inhibitory properties. The structural features and structure-activity relationships of different classes of inhibitors are also analyzed.
MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Roland A. H. van Oorschot, Georgina E. Meakin, Bas Kokshoorn, Mariya Goray, Bianca Szkuta
Summary: Understanding the factors that impact DNA transfer, persistence, prevalence, and recovery, as well as the availability of data to assign probabilities to DNA quantities and profile types is crucial for DNA activity level evaluations. Recent efforts by industry stakeholders have been made to support DNA-related activity level evaluations and further research in this area.
Review
Microbiology
Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Salim Abdool S. Karim
Summary: Infectious diseases have a significant impact on progress towards the SDGs, with pandemics and global inequity hindering the achievement of health targets and highlighting the interconnectedness and vulnerability of humanity to new infectious agents. Enhanced global collaboration and partnerships in training, surveillance, research, and innovation are essential for reaching the health SDGs by 2030.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Johann A. Sigurdsson, Anders Beich, Anna Stavdal
Summary: In late 2020, the Nordic Colleges of General Practice published a joint statement specifying the Core Values and Principles of General Practitioners. The shaping of Family Medicine as an academic discipline began in the 1960s and has evolved over the decades. The recent joint statement reflects the continuous development and commitment to providing relationship-based care in the field of Family Medicine.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Asif Hayat, Muhammad Sohail, Usama Anwar, T. A. Taha, H. I. A. Qazi, Amina, Zeeshan Ajmal, Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi, Hamed Algarni, Ahmed A. Al-Ghamdi, Mohammed A. Amin, Arkom Palamanit, W. Nawawi, Emad F. Newair, Yasin Orooji
Summary: The increasing demand for sustainable energy production has led to the extensive use of solar power technology, particularly in the combustion of pollutants, CO2 reduction, photocatalysis, and hydrogen gas production. Semiconductor-based photocatalysis, such as g-C3N4, has emerged as a promising solution due to its superior electronic configuration and high performance. However, g-C3N4's photocatalytic activity is hindered by its small surface area and charge recombination. Various synthetic strategies have been employed to enhance photocatalytic performance by incorporating g-C3N4 with different materials. This review provides an overview of the latest g-C3N4-based materials and their applications in solar energy and environmental management.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jannik Heusinger, Ashley M. Broadbent, David J. Sailor, Matei Georgescu
Article
Biophysics
D. J. Sailor, J. Anand, L. Kalkstein
Summary: The study analyzed two historical extreme heat events in Los Angeles using atmospheric and building models, exploring the potential of increasing vegetative cover and surface solar reflectance to reduce heat exposure. The results suggest that improvements in indoor thermal conditions play a significant role in the health benefits of large-scale heat mitigation strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
E. Scott Krayenhoff, Ashley M. Broadbent, Lei Zhao, Matei Georgescu, Ariane Middel, James A. Voogt, Alberto Martilli, David J. Sailor, Evyatar Erell
Summary: Infrastructure-based heat reduction strategies can help cities adapt to high temperatures, but simulations of their cooling potential yield widely varying predictions. Studies on urban air temperature reduction through green-blue infrastructure and reflective materials show differences in methods and conclusions at different scales, with identified limitations in the research.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jyothis Anand, David J. Sailor, Amir Baniassadi
Summary: Roof surfaces can be significantly hotter than the surrounding air in summer, with solar reflectance of rooftop materials having a greater impact on temperature reduction than emissivity. Increasing solar reflectance to above 0.9 can result in a significant cooling effect on rooftops.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
D. J. Sailor, J. Anand, R. R. King
Summary: This review explores the feedback mechanisms between photovoltaic energy production and the urban environment, highlighting the potential impacts on urban temperatures, building energy use, and overall PV efficiency. Future developments of PV technologies should focus on increasing efficiency, enhancing reflection of unconverted energy, and considering the effects of urban conditions on system performance.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jyothis Anand, David J. Sailor
Summary: Modified pavements can help cool cities by altering their radiative and thermal properties to reduce the urban heat island effect. Pavements with higher thermal conductivity and storage can reduce excess heat during the day, while pavements with lower conductivity and storage can mitigate nocturnal heat island effect.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mansour Alhazmi, David J. Sailor, Jyothis Anand
Summary: The magnitude and timing of heat emissions from buildings can be different from their energy consumption profile. The definition of anthropogenic heat needs to be rethought in order to understand the role of buildings in urban heating and identify opportunities for heat reduction. A new definition is proposed based on comparing the total sensible heat emissions from a building and its surrounding land with the emissions from the same land without a building. The framework considers various factors such as convection, air conditioning system emissions, heat infiltration/exfiltration, and shading effects. The results highlight the importance of considering building construction, materials, and operations in understanding their impact on the urban thermal environment.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Laurence S. Kalkstein, David P. Eisenman, Edith B. de Guzman, David J. Sailor
Summary: Strategies to prevent the heat-health impacts of climate change, such as increasing tree cover and albedo as well as using higher reflectance surface materials, are recommended for mitigating the urban heat island effect. Our study quantified the potential impact of various tree cover and albedo scenarios on heat-related mortality, temperature, humidity, and oppressive air masses in Los Angeles, California. We found that implementing interventions could save approximately one in four lives currently lost during heat waves and delay climate change-induced warming by around 40-70 years.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Lingye Yao, David J. Sailor, Xiang Zhang, Junsong Wang, Lihua Zhao, Xiaoshan Yang
Summary: This study evaluates the diurnal thermal effects of an urban pond in Nanjing, China, and explores the underlying mechanisms through energy-balance analysis. Results demonstrate that the pond has a moderate daytime cooling effect but a pronounced nocturnal warming effect. This research improves our understanding of the thermal effects of urban water bodies and can inform urban planners and landscape designers towards creating sustainable cool cities and communities.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Lingye Yao, David J. Sailor, Xiaoshan Yang, Genyu Xu, Lihua Zhao
Summary: This study investigated the potential nocturnal urban heat island effect of water bodies and its impact on urban heat mitigation. The findings showed that urban lakes can help mitigate urban heat during daytime, but the effect is not significant at night. Additionally, lakes contribute to moisture excess during nighttime and cold seasons, which intensifies the warming and humidifying effect.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jyothis Anand, David J. Sailor
Summary: The urban heat island effect is most pronounced during the night/evening hours, while in some cases, an urban cool island effect during daytime has been observed. This phenomenon is primarily caused by the use of impervious and thermally massive materials in urban areas, which store energy during the day and release it at night. However, current urban cooling strategies are more effective during the day than at night. This study investigates the impact of thermal storage capacity in buildings on nighttime urban air temperature, comparing lightweight buildings (cross-laminated timber) with concrete buildings in hot arid and hot humid cities. The results show that adopting lightweight buildings can reduce nighttime temperatures and slightly increase daytime temperatures, while cool roofs significantly reduce daytime temperatures and slightly affect nighttime temperatures. Therefore, incorporating both lightweight buildings and cool roofs can lower the surrounding air temperature by an average of about 1 degree Celsius throughout the day, enhancing thermal comfort and reducing cooling demand.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Economics
Mansour Alhazmi, David J. Sailor, Ronnen Levinson
Summary: Major urban centers are getting warmer due to global and local factors. City governments are adopting strategies to reduce the impacts of extreme heat, such as using cool surfaces on buildings that reflect solar energy. This report reviews the history of cool surface deployment and identifies challenges and opportunities for widespread adoption.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Deepak Amaripadath, Riccardo Paolini, David J. Sailor, Shady Attia
Summary: With the increasing urbanization and higher internal gains, commercial buildings face a greater risk of indoor overheating. This study evaluates the performance of natural and mechanical night ventilation in reducing indoor overheating and energy needs of an office building in Brussels during heat wave and non-heat wave periods. The findings show that natural night ventilation is more effective during heat waves and helps maintain safer heat index values compared to other strategies. The results provide guidelines, recommendations, and identify the need for further research.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Construction & Building Technology
Laurence Kalkstein, Frank Klink, Kurt Shickman, Sarah Schneider, Mischa Egolf, David Sailor
ROOFING RESEARCH AND STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT, VOL 9
(2020)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Saud AlKhaled, Paul Coseo, Anthony Brazel, Chingwen Cheng, David Sailor
