Effect of Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Neuronal Survival and Formation of a Glial Scar in the Brain of Rats with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

We studied the effect of various methods of transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells on neuronal survival in rat brain 1 and 6 weeks after severe traumatic brain injury. It was found that intracerebral and systemic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells improves neuronal survival in the piriform cortex of the contralateral hemisphere without affecting neuronal survival in the marginal zone of the traumatic cavity and amygdaloid nuclei. Intracerebral transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells increases the content of the astroglial component of the scar in the borderline zone of the traumatic cavity.