Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Xiaojun Li, Na Li, Mianshui Rong, Qing Dong
Summary: The effect of local site conditions on earthquake ground motion is crucial in engineering seismic fortification. This study proposes a novel evaluation method based on a modified horizontal to vertical spectral ratio, which considers the influence of soil layers on vertical ground motion. The method characterizes the influence of site conditions on ground motion more reasonably than traditional methods.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Van-Bang Phung, Norman A. Abrahamson, Bor-Shouh Huang, Chin Hsiung Loh
Summary: A ground motion prediction equation (GMPE) has been developed for estimating vertical ground motion amplitudes for crustal earthquakes in Taiwan. The GMPE provides median and standard deviations of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and pseudo spectral acceleration response ordinates for the spectral period of 0.01-10 s. The study reveals significant nonlinear site effects in the period of about 0.2-0.5 s for the vertical component.
EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Bhargavi Podili, K. P. Sreejaya, S. T. G. Raghukanth, D. Srinagesh, C. V. R. Murty
Summary: This paper presents a study on the characteristics of V/H ratio of Indian ground motion records, finding that the majority of records exceed the Indian seismic design code norm. New V/H spectral ratio models are developed for Western Himalayas and North-East India, considering various factors and showing good performance compared to global models.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Shu-Hsien Chao, Che-Min Lin, Chun-Hsiang Kuo, Jyun-Yan Huang, Kuo-Liang Wen, Yi-Hau Chen
Summary: The study proposes a methodology to simultaneously implement SC and EHVRs, or SC and MHVRs in a ground-motion prediction equation to improve the prediction accuracy of site effects, reducing the standard deviation of station-specific residuals. The methodology is illustrated by developing models based on EHVRs-SC and MHVRs-SC, showing consistency in the spatial distribution of predicted PGA terms from different ground motion sources.
EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Mohammad Yazdi, John G. Anderson, Ramin Motamed
Summary: This article presents a HVSR-based model to reduce the uncertainties of site effects in the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA)-West2 GMMs. By incorporating the HVSR and the site-term residual in the NGA-West2 database, the site-to-site variability can be consistently reduced, leading to a decrease in the total standard deviation.
EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Liu Po-Chun, Tsai Chi-Chin
Summary: This study evaluates the factors that can influence the V/H ratio through vertical and horizontal site response analyses. The results show that local site effects, wave velocity, and intensity of input motion impact the V/H ratio, and the groundwater table considerably varies the ratio.
JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Fadel Ramadan, Chiara Smerzini, Giovanni Lanzano, Francesca Pacor
Summary: This study introduces a novel empirical Ground Motion prediction Model (GMM) for shallow crustal earthquakes in Italy, predicting vertical-to-horizontal response spectral amplitudes and peak ground acceleration and velocity. The model, calibrated on the most up-to-date strong motion dataset, is useful for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment in Italy.
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
John D. Thornley, Utpal Dutta, John Douglas, Zhaohui (Joey) Yang
Summary: The use of HVSR in characterizing sites and its relationship with VS30 has been studied extensively. This study compared measured VS30 and HVSR results in Anchorage, Alaska, developed a regional model, and created a VS30 contour map for the city incorporating data from various sources.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Camilo Pinilla-Ramos, Norman Abrahamson, Robert Kayen
Summary: The study evaluates several microtremor-based proxies for site amplification in ground-motion models using microtremor data obtained at seismic stations in California. The results show that the site fundamental period is highly correlated with short-period amplification when VS30 measurement is not available, while the normalized amplitude of the mHVSR(T) has the highest correlation with long-period amplification. When VS30 measurement is available, the normalized amplitude of the mHVSR(T) provides the most accurate representation of site amplification not explained by VS30. The study also develops empirical models based on the normalized mHVSR(T) curves for the site terms in the ground-motion models.
BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Shu-Hsien Chao, Chun-Hsiang Kuo, Che-Min Lin, Jyun-Yan Huang, Ellen Rathje, Norman Abrahamson
Summary: The objective of this study is to evaluate the possible reason for the observed nonlinear site amplification (NSA) of vertical ground motions in Taiwan. The study finds that NSA generally occurs simultaneously in both the horizontal and vertical components of a ground-motion record and that the NSA levels are similar between these components. Regression analysis shows that NSA is observed only when PGA and SA responses occur during the S-wave window. This study provides physical evidence for the observed NSA of vertical ground motions in Taiwan.
EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Xiaolei Wang, Zixu Zhao, Weidong Yan, Dagang Lu, Hui Kong
Summary: This paper estimates the joint occurrence of spectral accelerations between horizontal and vertical ground motions based on the NGA-West2 ground motion database. The correlation model and joint distribution model are obtained using the CB14 horizontal ground motion prediction equation and BC16 vertical ground motion prediction equation. It is verified that the joint distribution of residuals follows a multivariate normal distribution through quantitative and qualitative validation methods. The conditional mean spectra of vertical ground motions conditioned on spectral accelerations of horizontal ground motions are studied as an application of joint occurrence.
JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Wanbo Xiao, Yanbin Wang
Summary: This article presents the analysis of seismic and meteorological data from the InSight mission on Mars. The analysis of horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) shows multiple peaks in the ground data, with the highest peak at around 11.7 Hz. The study confirms that wind-induced vibrations of the lander are the main source of high-frequency ground motion. The analysis also shows diurnal variation and correlation with local meteorological conditions in the HVSR curves of continuous ground SEIS data.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Zhanxuan Zuo, Maosheng Gong, Kunyang Wang, Jing Sun
Summary: This research investigates the seismic performance of an RC frame under both horizontal ground motions and vertical ground motions (VGMs) through a shaking table test. The test results show that the beams of the frame are heavily damaged due to the vertical load caused by VGMs, with the beams on the second floor experiencing more severe damage. The vertical acceleration amplification factor decreases as the seismic intensity increases, and the horizontal frequencies after the test are reduced.
BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Attieh Eshaghi, Behzad Hassani, Mohammad Pourmohammad Shahvar, Esmail Farzanegan
Summary: In this study, horizontal to vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) were calculated for strong ground motion data recorded by the Iran Strong Motion Network (ISMN). Peak amplitude (A(peak)) and peak frequency (f(peak)) values were estimated for each station in the database using a uniform and specific procedure. The relationships between HVSR parameters and time-averaged shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m (V-S30) were investigated and a V-S30 model was developed for Iran.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Mohsen Zaker Esteghamati, Albert R. Kottke, Adrian Rodriguez-Marek
Summary: This study developed a data-driven framework to improve the prediction of site amplification in ground-motion models using HVSR proxies derived from strong-motion data. The results indicated that data-driven models with HVSR proxies showed lower site-to-site variability than conventional GMM, with SVMs performing the best. All feature selection methods favored using a vector of the HVSR spectrum over single-valued HVSR proxies.
BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Saeid Naserieh, Hadi Ghofrani, Jafar Shoja-Taheri, Mohsen Dezvareh, Hossein Mirzaei Alavijeh
Summary: This study analyzed a magnitude 7.3 earthquake that occurred near the Iran-Iraq border in November 2017. By analyzing the strong-motion data, the study estimated various parameters of the earthquake and found that the ground-motion model underestimated the recorded motions. The study also observed that the earthquake was initiated by two main sub-events and provided clues about the orientation of damaged buildings. The improved strong-motion database is considered important for calibrating simulation models, developing ground-motion models, and performing structural analyses.
JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Katsuichiro Goda, Viviana Novelli, Raffaele De Risi, Panos Kloukinas, Nicola Giordano, John Macdonald, Innocent Kafodya, Ignasio Ngoma, Elia Voyagaki
Summary: The study conducts regional seismic risk analysis for central-southern Malawi focusing on the Bilila-Mtakataka Fault within the East African Rift System, incorporating local information on population exposure and building vulnerability. Results highlight the importance of incorporating local information on seismic hazard and vulnerability for more effective earthquake risk assessments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zhiwang Chang, Flavia De Luca, Katsuichiro Goda
Summary: This study develops new equations for predicting the constant-strength inelastic displacement ratio (C-R) by considering nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom systems subjected to near-fault ground motions. A energy-based parameter, the MEA/MEV ratio, is adopted to characterize the properties of pulse-like records, and its effect on the C-R spectra is investigated. A simplified equation for estimating the C-R spectra is developed, and its accuracy is evaluated.
JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Joanna M. Holmgren, Maximilian J. Werner, Katsuichiro Goda, Manuela Villani, Vitor Silva, Patrick Chindandali, Victoria Stevens
Summary: This article introduces a newly compiled ground motion database for the southern East African rift system, which includes waveform records of 882 earthquakes from 1994 to 2022. It provides essential data for ground motion studies in the region.
EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jeremy M. Rimando, Alexander L. Peace, Katsuichiro Goda, Navid Sirous, Philippe Rosset, Luc Chouinard
Summary: Currently, there is a lack of active fault maps and detailed finite-fault source models for the intraplate western Quebec seismic zone (WQSZ) in eastern Canada, hindering accurate seismic hazard assessments in a rapidly growing population area. This study utilizes Coulomb stress analysis to identify potential zones for future ruptures. The research finds that there is an increased potential for failure in faults proximal to the 1935 MW 6.1 Temiscaming, 1944 MW 5.8 Cornwall-Massena, and 2013 MW 4.7 Ladysmith earthquakes. This work provides a physical basis for seismic hazard assessment input parameters in the WQSZ based on numerical stress modeling results.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Yao Li, Katsuichiro Goda
Summary: A new risk-based tsunami early warning method using Random Forest (RF) and S-net has been developed to predict the impact of tsunamis on coastal areas. The method utilizes simulated tsunami wave time series at S-net sensors and considers a wide range of possible tsunami waves. Compared to conventional methods, the RF model improves the prediction accuracy of tsunami loss significantly, reducing the mean square error by 90%. It is also less reliant on earthquake information, making it useful for early warning of tsunamis from various sources.
COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Katsuichiro Goda, Keith Orchiston, Jovana Borozan, Mark Novakovic, Emrah Yenier
Summary: Probabilistic tsunami hazard and risk analyses are important decision support tools for reducing tsunami risks in coastal communities. A stochastic source modeling approach helps consider uncertainties in earthquake rupture processes, but accurate evaluations of inland tsunami inundation and building damage are computationally expensive. To overcome this, low-resolution tsunami simulations are used for probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis, and smaller sets of stochastic rupture models are identified for specific probabilities. These models are used to estimate tsunami building loss through high-resolution tsunami inundation simulations, reducing computational costs for probabilistic tsunami risk analysis. A case study in Tofino, British Columbia, investigates the correlation between modeled tsunami wave amplitudes and building loss, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed solution in estimating tsunami risk using a limited number of high-resolution simulations.
EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Biniam Tekle Teweldebrhan, Katsuichiro Goda, Raffaele De Risi, Solomon Tesfamariam
Summary: This article presents a bi-variate probabilistic seismic fragility assessment of the cross-laminated timber coupled wall (CLT-CW) system. Different design parameters were evaluated, and probabilistic seismic fragility curves were developed to compare the effect of different limit state function combinations. The study contributes to assessing seismic risk and developing seismic-resilient structures.
EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zhiwang Chang, Haoran Wu, Katsuichiro Goda
Summary: Proper parameterization of near-fault ground motions is crucial in earthquake engineering. This study proposes a progressive iterative approach for the automated parameterization of velocity pulses in near-fault motions. The approach matches a pulse model to the smoothed motion and derives the parameterized pulse by best fitting in both the time and spectral domains. The method avoids convergence to local minimums and achieves a good match between the extracted pulse and the original motion.
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Katsuichiro Goda
Summary: Modeling the occurrence of large subduction earthquakes involves significant uncertainty due to the lack of geological data and inaccurate dating techniques. This study proposes a statistical approach based on the Gaussian mixture model, which outperforms previous methods by capturing both long gaps and short-term clustering. The developed model is suitable for probabilistic seismic and tsunami hazard analysis and can calculate the long-term probability of future events.
GEOSCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Payam Momeni, Katsuichiro Goda, Mohammad Mokhtari, Mohammad Heidarzadeh
Summary: In this paper, the impact of possible rupture of splay faults on tsunami hazards in the eastern Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) is studied. The study uses a framework that considers uncertainties related to rupture location, rupture geometry, seismic moment split ratio, earthquake slip asperity location, and earthquake slip heterogeneity. The results show a significant amplification of tsunami heights due to the presence of splay faults.
COASTAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Katsuichiro Goda, Karina Martinez Alcala
Summary: Stochastic source modelling is a valuable method for assessing future tsunami hazards in the Haida Gwaii region on Canada's Pacific coast. This method accounts for uncertainties in fault geometry and slip heterogeneity, allowing for a wide range of possible tsunami scenarios. By generating multiple stochastic tsunami models, the study provides insights into the variability of tsunami heights and highlights the need for accurate bathymetry and elevation data to improve simulations. The models developed in this study can be used for future probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis and risk management decisions in the region.
PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Katsuichiro Goda
Summary: This study presents new stochastic source models for analyzing the Cascadia subduction earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest, which can lead to massive tsunamis. By generating stochastic source models and performing tsunami simulations, the regional characteristics of tsunamis and the influence of source models and earthquake slip distribution on tsunami hazards are revealed.
COASTAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yao Li, Katsuichiro Goda
Summary: This study presents robust algorithms for tsunami early warning using synthetic tsunami wave data and multiple linear regression. The calibration of the models using S-net data improves the accuracy of the tsunami warning system. The study provides optimal configuration of OBS stations and waiting time for issuing tsunami warnings.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Nobuhito Mori, Kenji Satake, Daniel Cox, Katsuichiro Goda, Patricio A. Catalan, Tung-Cheng Ho, Fumihiko Imamura, Tori Tomiczek, Patrick Lynett, Takuya Miyashita, Abdul Muhari, Vasily Titov, Rick Wilson
Summary: This review assesses the advancements in tsunami observation and monitoring, with a focus on rapid early warning and long-term hazard assessment. Real-time tsunami wave height data provided by ocean-bottom pressure gauges, combined with numerical and analogue modelling, have enabled accurate tsunami forecasts within minutes of an earthquake. This allows local communities to evacuate promptly and saves lives.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)