Outdoor mean radiant temperature estimation in the tropical urban environment

A large scale estimation of mean radiant temperature (t(mrt)) is conducted at two sites using customised globe thermometers. The measurement points cover a variety of urban typologies such as high-rise offices, parks, large water bodies and housing apartments. Data is derived using a t(mrt) formula calibrated to the local climate. Measurements for clear, sunny days are used for the analysis of the average diurnal t(mrt) profile. The diurnal t(mrt) profile shows that the t(mrt) differential between points is most evident during daytime, and is affected most significantly by shade cast by trees and buildings. Results also show that common urban constituents such as greenery and large water bodies, while proven to effectively reduce the ambient temperature of its surroundings throughout the day, do not affect t(mrt) significantly after nightfall. Further analysis reveals a correlation between sky view factor and t(mrt) in the day. Measurement points in different parks exhibit contrasting trends in t(mrt) reduction. Results of the study also provide a realistic threshold for the lowering of outdoor t(mrt). Trees, shrubs and green walls may be introduced into the outdoor environment with the intention of reducing tmrt to a desirable level for a specific time range. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.