Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shengwei Zhu, Tong Lin, Jose Guillermo Cedeno Laurent, John D. Spengler, Jelena Srebric
Summary: This study investigates the aerosol infection risk of COVID-19 in airport transportation vehicles and identifies acceptable operational conditions. The results show that the infection risk in the near-field (NF) is an order of magnitude higher than in the far-field (FF). Wearing masks is identified as an important and effective risk reduction measure.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ihab Hasan Hatif, Haslinda Mohamed Kamar, Nazri Kamsah, Keng Yinn Wong
Summary: This study compares the effectiveness of different air distribution systems, including mixing ventilation (MV), displacement ventilation (DV), and stratum ventilation (SV), and evaluates specific influencing factors for each system. The results show that no single system consistently outperforms others, and the effectiveness depends on different conditions. DV and SV systems may have higher infection risks in certain situations, while MV systems are recommended for use when people's locations and relative positions are unclear.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sheng Zhang, Zhang Lin
Summary: The study introduces a dilution-based evaluation method for airborne infection risk, which is proven to be a comprehensive extension of the Wells-Riley model for evaluating airborne infection risk with spatial and temporal resolutions, compared to the well-recognized models. Experiments in a mock hospital ward demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in assessing airborne infection risk both spatially and temporally.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Amar Aganovic, Yang Bi, Guangyu Cao, Finn Drangsholt, Jarek Kurnitski, Pawel Wargocki
Summary: This study found that increasing ventilation rate is more effective in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to adjusting indoor relative humidity. A change in humidity had minimal impact on infection risk at a ventilation rate of 0.5 ACH, while increasing the ventilation rate to 6 ACH had a much larger effect, decreasing infection risk by half compared to the impact of humidity.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sumei Liu, Mike Koupriyanov, Dale Paskaruk, Graham Fediuk, Qingyan Chen
Summary: Effective ventilation is crucial in reducing the spread of COVID-19 in buildings. This study compared the performance of a mixing ventilation (MV) system and a displacement ventilation (DV) system in terms of air temperature and particle concentration. Increasing the ventilation rate reduced the particle concentration, but the improvement was not proportional to the ventilation rate. The DV system had a higher ventilation effectiveness than the MV system, making it a better choice for indoor air quality.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2022)
Review
Thermodynamics
Mohammed Abdul Hameed Khan, Abderazak Bennia, Mohamed Lateb, Hachimi Fellouah
Summary: This study investigates the commonly used mixing and displacement ventilation systems in buildings indoor ventilation using computational fluid mechanics. The results show that displacement ventilation provides a uniform temperature distribution at the breathing zone level, while mixing ventilation performs better in terms of percentage dissatisfied distribution.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Sha Hao-han, Zhang Xin, Qi Da-hai
Summary: This study investigates the effects of mechanical ventilation control strategies based on non-steady-state (NSS) and steady-state (SS) Wells-Riley (WR) models on the required ventilation rates and energy consumption for preventing airborne transmission. The results indicate that the SS WR control underestimates the required ventilation rate under high initial quantum concentration, and the ventilation energy consumption of NSS control is up to 2.5 times as high as that of SS control.
JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hao-Hsiang Hsu, Wei-Hwa Chiang, Jian-Sheng Huang
Summary: The study compared the effectiveness of stack and displacement ventilation in providing thermal comfort in an air-conditioned office building through computational fluid dynamics simulations. Displacement ventilation was found to perform better, especially with a higher ceiling, heat source, and lower inlet with cold air. Handrails near the atrium were also noted to play a crucial role in retaining cold air for a longer period, contributing to improved thermal comfort.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yong Guo, Hua Qian, Zhiwei Sun, Jianping Cao, Fei Liu, Xibei Luo, Ruijie Ling, Louise B. Weschler, Jinhan Mo, Yinping Zhang
Summary: This article presents a new approach to obtain the spatial distribution for the probability of infection by combining the SFIF method with the Wells-Riley model. This method can help control infection risk and optimize the use of space and equipment, contributing positively to the fight against epidemics.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yunge Hou, Ruoyu You
Summary: Overhead gaspers affect airborne disease transmission in the aircraft cabin, and controlling the direction and flow rate of the gaspers can reduce contaminant distribution. Turning on the receptor's gasper can protect the receptor by altering the airflow pattern.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Huiyi Tan, Keng Yinn Wong, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Hong Yee Kek, Wah Yen Tey, Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma, Guo Ren Mong, Garry Kuan, Wai Shin Ho, Hooi Siang Kang, Desmond Daniel Chin Vui Sheng, Roswanira Abdul Wahab
Summary: The ventilation system in an operating room is crucial for reducing the risk of infection. This study examines the effectiveness of a mobile air supply unit in reducing particle settlement on a patient. The results show that a velocity of 0.5 m/s provides the best wiping effect for removing airborne particles.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Qing Cao, Mingxin Liu, Xingyang Li, Chao-Hsin Lin, Daniel Wei, Shengcheng Ji, Tengfei (Tim) Zhang, Qingyan Chen
Summary: Effective ventilation systems are essential for controlling the transport of particles like the SARS-CoV-2 virus in airliner cabins. Validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are frequently used to investigate air distribution and contaminant transportation. This study evaluated the effects of different ventilation systems, turbulence models, and particle simulation methods on airflow and particulate distributions in airliner cabins. The results show that accuracy and cost-effectiveness can be achieved by carefully selecting validation processes and simulation methods.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mohamad Nur Hidayat Mat, Md Faisal Md Basir, Eliza M. Yusup
Summary: This study utilized the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation method to investigate the reduction of airborne pathogen transmission in a mosque during congregational prayer. The results showed that deactivating fans could significantly reduce pathogen transmission, which can be a guide for epidemic prevention and infectious disease control.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Zhaozhi Wang, Edwin R. Galea, Angus Grandison, John Ewer, Fuchen Jia
Summary: The study utilized coupled WR-CFD approach to analyze the infection probability of COVID-19 in a train environment, showing a reasonable agreement between predicted and statistically derived infection probabilities. It also demonstrated that the distribution of infectious aerosols is non-uniform and dependent on ventilation nature. The most effective mitigation strategy identified was the majority of passengers correctly wearing high efficiency masks.
Article
Thermodynamics
Clifford K. Ho, Royce Binns
Summary: The study utilized computational fluid dynamics models to simulate the impact of different ventilation scenarios on airborne exposure risks in a 72-passenger school bus. Results indicated that a moving bus with at least two sets of openings separated in the forward and aft directions produced a through-flow condition that reduced concentrations significantly.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Parth Bansal, Steven Jige Quan
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between urban form and canopy layer urban heat island (CUHI) using a relatively large sample of microclimate sensors in Seoul, Korea. The study compares different statistical models and finds that the spatially explicit gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model has the highest accuracy. The study also shows that the effect of urban form on CUHI varies at different time instances during the day. These findings provide valuable insights for planners to understand the complexity of urban climate and reduce CUHI magnitude.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Miaomiao Liu, Salah Almazmumi, Pinlu Cao, Carlos Jimenez-bescos, John Kaiser Calautit
Summary: Windcatchers provide effective low-energy ventilation and summer passive cooling in temperate climates. However, their use in winter is limited due to significant ventilation heat loss and potential discomfort. This study evaluates the applicability of windcatchers in low-temperature conditions, highlighting the need for control strategies to reduce over-ventilation and the integration of heat recovery or thermal storage to enhance winter thermal conditions.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Behrouz Nourozi, Aneta Wierzbicka, Runming Yao, Sasan Sadrizadeh
Summary: This article presents a systematic review of ventilation solutions in hospital wards, aiming to enhance pathogen removal performance while maintaining patient and healthcare staff comfort using air-cleaning techniques. The study reveals the importance of proper ventilation systems in reducing infection risk and adverse effects of cross-contamination.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhen Yang, Weirong Zhang, Hongkai Liu, Weijia Zhang, Mingyuan Qin
Summary: The study examines the influence of personalized local heating on the thermal comfort of occupants in old residential buildings. The findings reveal that personalized local heating can increase the overall thermal sensation of occupants, but only a few methods are effective in enhancing thermal comfort. The chosen heating methods and background temperature affect the participants' selection of heating parts.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hong Cheng, Dan Norback, Huilin Zhang, Liu Yang, Baizhan Li, Yinping Zhang, Zhuohui Zhao, Qihong Deng, Chen Huang, Xu Yang, Chan Lu, Hua Qian, Tingting Wang, Ling Zhang, Wei Yu, Juan Wang, Xin Zhang
Summary: The home environment and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms in five southern Chinese cities have been studied over time. The study found a decrease in asthma prevalence and an increase in allergic rhinitis. Cockroaches, rats, mice, mosquitoes or flies were identified as consistent biological risk factors for SBS symptoms, while redecoration, buying new furniture, and traffic air pollution were identified as other risk factors.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chaojie Xing, Zhengtao Ai, Zhiwei Liu, Cheuk Ming Mak, Hai Ming Wong
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the emission characteristics of droplets around the mouth during dental treatments. The results showed that the peak mass fraction of droplets occurs within the size range of 20 μm to 100 μm, and droplets with a diameter less than 200 μm account for over 80% of the mass fraction. The dominant emission direction of droplets is towards the dummy's head and chest, forming an approximately cone shape.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhijian Liu, Zhe Han, Lina Hu, Chenxing Hu, Rui Rong
Summary: This study compared the effects of different respiratory behaviors on the distribution of aerosols in a ward and the risk of infection for healthcare workers using numerical simulation. It was found that talking in the ward significantly increased aerosol concentrations, particularly short periods of talking. Wards designed with side-supply ventilation had lower overall infection risk. Talking alternately between healthcare workers and patients slightly extended the impact time of aerosols.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yan Yan, Mengyuan Kang, Haodong Zhang, Zhiwei Lian, Xiaojun Fan, Chandra Sekhar, Pawel Wargocki, Li Lan
Summary: In a high-density city, opening windows for sleep may lead to increased indoor temperature, higher PM2.5 concentration, and noise disturbance, which can negatively impact sleep quality.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yan Bai, Liang Liu, Kai Liu, Shuai Yu, Yifan Shen, Di Sun
Summary: This study developed a non-intrusive personal thermal comfort model using machine learning techniques combined with infrared facial recognition. The results showed that the ensemble learning models perform better than traditional models, and the broad learning model has a higher prediction precision with lower computational complexity and faster training speed compared to deep neural networks. The findings provide a reference for optimizing building thermal environments.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yue Lei, Zeynep Duygu Tekler, Sicheng Zhan, Clayton Miller, Adrian Chong
Summary: Mixed-mode ventilation is a promising solution for achieving energy-efficient and comfortable indoor environments. This study found that occupants can thermally adapt when switching between natural ventilation (NV) and air-conditioning (AC) modes within the same day, with the adaptation process stabilizing between 35 to 45 minutes after the mode switch. These findings are important for optimizing thermal comfort in mixed-mode controls, considering the dynamic nature of thermal adaptation.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nan Mo, Jie Han, Yingde Yin, Yelin Zhang
Summary: This study develops a method based on the LCZ framework for a comprehensive evaluation of urban-scale heat island effects, considering the impact of geographic factors on LST. The results show that Guilin's geomorphological conditions lead to abnormal heat island effects during winter, and the cooling effects of mountains and water bodies vary seasonally in different built areas, with LCZ 2 exhibiting the strongest cooling effect.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Tunga Salthammer
Summary: Monitoring the potential formaldehyde emission of wood-based materials through test chamber investigations has significantly contributed to reducing indoor formaldehyde concentrations. However, the different methodologies used in these procedures prevent direct result comparison. Empirical models for converting formaldehyde steady-state concentrations based on temperature, humidity, air change rate, and loading were developed in the 1970s and have been modified to accommodate the development of lower-emitting materials. Formaldehyde emissions from wood-based materials are complex and require nonlinear regression tools for mathematical analysis.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Katarina Stebelova, Katarina Kovacova, Zuzana Dzirbikova, Peter Hanuliak, Tomas Bacigal, Peter Hartman, Andrea Vargova, Jozef Hraska
Summary: This study investigated the impact of reduced short-wavelength light on the hormone melatonin metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (u-sMEL) and examined the association between previous day's light exposure and u-sMEL. It was found that reducing short-wavelength light during the day did not change the concentration of u-sMEL. Personal photopic illuminance was positively correlated with u-sMEL in the reference week. The illuminance had a significant impact on u-sMEL, as shown by the evaluation of the mean of all three urine samples. However, this correlation was not found in the experimental week.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ruoxin Xiong, Ying Shi, Haoming Jing, Wei Liang, Yorie Nakahira, Pingbo Tang
Summary: This study proposes a data-model integration method to identify and calibrate uncertainties in machine learning models, leading to improved thermal perception predictions. The method utilizes the Multidimensional Association Rule Mining algorithm to identify biased human responses and enhances prediction accuracy and reliability. The study also evaluates different calibration techniques and discovers their potential in enhancing prediction reliability.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Beichao Hu, Zeda Yin, Abderrachid Hamrani, Arturo Leon, Dwayne McDaniel
Summary: This paper introduces an innovative super-resolution approach to model the air flow and temperature field in the cold aisle of a data center. The proposed method reconstructs a high-fidelity flow field by using a low-fidelity flow field, significantly reducing the computational time and enabling real-time prediction.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)