Review
Immunology
Zunyi Zhang, Erlei Zhang
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common type of liver cancer with high mortality rate. A significant percentage of HCC patients have vascular invasion at initial diagnosis. Traditional guidelines classify HCC with vascular invasion as advanced stage, limiting surgical options. However, recent advancements in systemic and locoregional treatments have shown promising responses, leading to the proposal of a conversion therapy strategy to eventually enable surgical resection. This review summarizes the clinical experience and evidence of conversion treatment in HCC patients with vascular invasion.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Z-Y Guo, Z-T Zhu
Summary: NCAPG upregulation is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with vascular invasion, and serves as an independent predictor of patient survival outcomes. NCAPG expression levels are related to DNA hypomethylation status, tumor immune cell infiltration, and immune cell-related biomarker expression.
EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Incheon Kang, Mi Jang, Jae Geun Lee, Dai Hoon Han, Dong Jin Joo, Kyung Sik Kim, Myoung Soo Kim, Jin Sub Choi, Soon Il Kim, Young Nyun Park, Gi Hong Choi
Summary: Subclassification of MiVI in HCC showed that MPVI was associated with more aggressive tumor characteristics and poorer survival compared to MI only. The original MiVI classification should be divided into MI and MPVI for better prognostic assessment.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Liangliang Xu, Peng Wang, Li Li, Lian Li, Yang Huang, Yanfang Zhang, Xiaobo Zheng, Pengsheng Yi, Ming Zhang, Mingqing Xu
Summary: This study reveals that circPSD3 plays a critical role in the vascular invasion and metastasis of HCC and may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
Article
Oncology
Yuan Chen, Hao Xu, Hao Tang, Hongyuan Li, Chi Zhang, Shengjie Jin, Dousheng Bai
Summary: This study found that miR-9-5p can predict vascular invasion and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Experimental results showed that downregulation of miR-9-5p inhibits migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of HCC cells. MiR-9-5p is an independent risk factor for HCC, and the nomogram based on miR-9-5p has a good predictive value for HCC survival.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Yi-Chieh Yang, Ming-Hsien Chien, Tsung-Ching Lai, Min-Che Tung, Yi-Hua Jan, Wei-Ming Chang, Shih-Ming Jung, Ming-Huang Chen, Chun-Nan Yeh, Michael Hsiao
Summary: The study identified elevated expression of TMED9 in HCC tissues, which was significantly associated with disease progression and poor prognosis. TMED9 was found to have an oncogenic role in HCC cells, suggesting it could serve as a novel predictor of clinical outcomes and a potential therapeutic target.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Weiqing Tang, Ying Wang, Ying Yuan, Xiaofeng Tao
Summary: The study concluded that e-THRIVE was the optimal MRI sequence for measuring the MRI-derived depth of invasion (DOI), showing the highest correlation and accuracy, and could potentially serve as a clinical T staging indicator for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Norihiro Kokudo, Takashi Kokudo, Kiyoshi Hasegawa
Summary: The study suggests that surgical resection may be superior to other treatments for HCC patients with macrovascular invasion, with some surgical centers reporting acceptable outcomes. This provides a new approach for hepatologists in Western countries to improve survival rates for such patients through a combination of systemic therapy and surgery.
Article
Biology
Gun Ha Kim, Sang Lim Choi, Jin Hyoung Kim, Ju Hyun Shim, Meshari Alali, Nayoung Kim
Summary: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of TACE plus sorafenib with TACE alone in patients with locally advanced HCC. The results showed that TACE plus sorafenib had better outcomes in terms of PFS and OS, indicating a potential benefit of combination therapy in this patient population.
Review
Oncology
Gao Liang, Wei Yu, Shuqin Liu, Mingxing Zhang, Mingguo Xie, Min Liu, Wenbin Liu
Summary: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of radiomics-based MRI in predicting microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 15 studies involving 981 patients were included, and the results showed that radiomics-based MRI has high accuracy and reliability in predicting MVI in HCC.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jinhong Jung, Ji Hyeon Joo, So Yeon Kim, Jin Hyoung Kim, Jonggi Choi, Danbi Lee, Ju Hyun Shim, Kang Mo Kim, Young-Suk Lim, Han Chu Lee, Jin-hong Park, Sang Min Yoon
Summary: The study evaluated the radiologic response rate of combined TACE plus RT in patients with liver-confined HCC with MVI, and found that radiologic response was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival.
Article
Oncology
Fang Hu, Yuhan Zhang, Man Li, Chen Liu, Handan Zhang, Xiaoming Li, Sanyuan Liu, Xiaofei Hu, Jian Wang
Summary: This study aims to predict the risk grade of preoperative microvascular invasion (MVI) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by analyzing the radiomics signatures of tumors and peritumors on enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. The radiomics models based on different regions of interest and the combination of radiomics and clinico-radiological features showed significant predictive value for MVI.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hanyu Jiang, Jingwei Wei, Fangfang Fu, Hong Wei, Yun Qin, Ting Duan, Weixia Chen, Kunlin Xie, Jeong Min Lee, Mustafa R. Bashir, Meiyun Wang, Bin Song, Jie Tian
Summary: This study aimed to develop and validate a scoring system for predicting microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The results showed that the preoperative MVI score, which integrated five EOB-MRI features and serum alpha-fetoprotein level, accurately predicted MVI and postoperative survival in HCC. This score could be useful in making individualized treatment decisions.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ana-Maria Ghiuchici, Ioan Sporea, Mirela Danila, Roxana Sirli, Tudor Moga, Felix Bende, Alina Popescu
Summary: Elastography provides important information for characterizing hepatocellular carcinoma, offering additional features for HCC identification. Excellent intra-observer reproducibility was seen for both HCC and liver parenchyma, but tumor size, heterogeneity, and depth can influence intralesional stiffness variability.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Rajalakshmi Govalan, Marie Lauzon, Michael Luu, Joseph C. Ahn, Kambiz Kosari, Tsuyoshi Todo, Irene K. Kim, Mazen Noureddin, Alexander Kuo, Ayoub S. Walid, Vinay Sundaram, Shelly C. Lu, Lewis R. Roberts, Amit G. Singal, Julie K. Heimbach, Vatche G. Agopian, Nicholas Nissen, Ju Dong Yang
Summary: The study suggests that surgical resection may provide better outcomes compared to systemic therapy for HCC patients with vascular invasion. Factors such as ethnicity, clinical characteristics, and treating facility type and region were associated with the likelihood of receiving surgical resection.
Correction
Economics
Becky Pennington, Abualbishr Alshreef, Laura Flight, Andrew Metry, Edith Poku, Philip Hykin, Sobha Sivaprasad, A. Toby Prevost, Joana C. Vasconcelos, Caroline Murphy, Joanna Kelly, Yit Yang, Andrew Lotery, Michael Williams, John Brazier
Article
Respiratory System
Hugo Farne, Nicholas Glanville, Nicholas Johnson, Tata Kebadze, Julia Aniscenko, Eteri Regis, Jie Zhu, Maria-Belen Trujillo-Torralbo, Onn Min Kon, Patrick Mallia, A. Toby Prevost, Michael R. Edwards, Sebastian L. Johnston, Aran Singanayagam, David Joshua Jackson
Summary: The study showed that timapiprant treatment did not attenuate or prevent asthma exacerbations induced by experimental rhinovirus infection in partially controlled asthma patients. However, in bronchial biopsies, the increase in CRTH2 staining during RV-A16 infection was lower in the timapiprant-treated group compared to the placebo-treated group.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Emily Day, David Eldred-Evans, A. Toby Prevost, Hashim U. Ahmed, Francesca Fiorentino
Summary: This study introduces statistical methods to adjust for verification bias in the accuracy estimates of screening tests. The Begg and Greenes method and multiple imputation are compared to complete case analysis. The results show that both methods increase specificity estimates significantly, while sensitivity estimates remain similar. Negative predictive value (NPV) estimates are higher when adjusting for verification bias, compared to complete case analysis. Positive predictive value (PPV) estimates are similar across all methods.
BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Janice Sutton, Martin J. Menten, Sophie Riedl, Hvroje Bogunovic, Oliver Leingang, Philipp Anders, Ahmed M. Hagag, Sebastian Waldstein, Amber Wilson, Angela J. Cree, Ghislaine Traber, Lars G. Fritsche, Hendrik Scholl, Daniel Rueckert, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, Sobha Sivaprasad, Toby Prevost, Andrew Lotery
Summary: This study aims to utilize machine learning and advanced statistical modeling to discover biomarkers for disease progression in intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and report the natural history of its progression through multimodal retinal imaging.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Martin C. Gulliford, A. Toby Prevost, Andrew Clegg, Emma Rezel-Potts
Summary: This study estimated and compared the mortality of care home residents and matched community-dwelling controls during the COVID-19 pandemic in England using primary care electronic health records. The results showed that care home residents had a significantly higher mortality rate than the community-dwelling controls, with a disproportionate increase during the first wave of the pandemic. Therefore, care home residents need special protection during periods of high infectious disease transmission.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ming Jie Lee, Simon Collins, Daphne Babalis, Nicholas Johnson, Emanuela Falaschetti, A. Toby Prevost, Ambreen Ashraf, Milaana Jacob, Tom Cole, Lisa Hurley, Matthew Pace, Ane Ogbe, Maryam Khan, Panagiota Zacharopoulou, Helen Brown, Euan Sutherland, Hanna Box, Julie Fox, Steven Deeks, Jill Horowitz, Michel C. Nussenzweig, Marina Caskey, John Frater, Sarah Fidler
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two long-acting broadly neutralising antibodies as a treatment for HIV. The study will conduct a randomized placebo-controlled trial, with participants receiving different treatment regimens. The primary endpoint is the time to viral rebound during treatment interruptions. Secondary and exploratory endpoints include adverse events and immunological markers.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ramachandran C. Rajalakshmi, Joana Vasconcelos, A. Toby Prevost, Sobha Sivaprasad, Mohan Deepa, Rajiv Raman, Kim Ramasamy, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Dolores Conroy, Taraprasad Das, Wasim Hanif, Viswanathan Mohan
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed and suboptimally controlled diabetes in India and identify the associated risk factors. The findings revealed a high prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes (6.0%) and suboptimally controlled diabetes. These results emphasize the urgent need to identify and optimize treatment for individuals with diabetes to reduce the burden of the disease.
Article
Primary Health Care
Gillian Doe, Stephanie J. C. Taylor, Marko Topalovic, Richard Russell, Rachael A. Evans, Julie Maes, Karolien Van Orshovon, Anthony Sunjaya, David Scott, A. Toby Prevost, Ethaar El-Emir, Jennifer Harvey, Nicholas S. Hopkinson, Samantha S. Kon, Suhani Patel, Ian Jarrold, Nanette Spain, William D-C Man, Ann Hutchinson
Summary: This study aimed to explore perspectives on spirometry provision in primary care and the potential for artificial intelligence (AI) decision support software to improve quality and interpretation. The study found historical challenges and the impact of the pandemic on inequity in spirometry provision. It suggests delivering services closer to patients’ homes by appropriately trained staff and highlights the potential role of AI in supporting clinicians. However, sufficient validation of the software is crucial for clinician and healthcare commissioner trust in the process.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Andrea G. Rockall, Xingfeng Li, Nicholas Johnson, Ioannis Lavdas, Shalini Santhakumaran, A. Toby Prevost, Shonit Punwani, Vicky Goh, Tara D. Barwick, Nishat Bharwani, Amandeep Sandhu, Harbir Sidhu, Andrew Plumb, James Burn, Aisling Fagan, Georg J. Wengert, Dow-Mu Koh, Krystyna Reczko, Qi Dou, Jane Warwick, Xinxue Liu, Christina Messiou, Nina Tunariu, Peter Boavida, Neil Soneji, Edward W. Johnston, Christian Kelly-Morland, Katja N. De Paepe, Heminder Sokhi, Kathryn Wallitt, Amish Lakhani, James Russell, Miriam Salib, Sarah Vinnicombe, Adam Haq, Eric O. Aboagye, Stuart Taylor, Ben Glocker
Summary: The study aimed to develop a machine learning algorithm to improve radiologists' sensitivity and specificity for metastasis detection in whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI). The results showed that using the algorithm can enhance the detection accuracy and reduce reading times for radiologists.
INVESTIGATIVE RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Felix Naughton, Aimie Hope, Chloe Siegele-Brown, Kelly Grant, Garry Barton, Caitlin Notley, Cecilia Mascolo, Tim Coleman, Lee Shepstone, Stephen Sutton, A. Toby Prevost, David Crane, Felix Greaves, Juliet High
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the Quit Sense smartphone app, which helps smokers identify smoking cues and provides real-time support for quitting. The results showed that participants using Quit Sense had a sustained abstinence rate of 11.5% at 6 months, compared to 2.9% for those using usual care. The findings suggest that Quit Sense may be an effective smoking cessation tool.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Joanne Bayly, Hilde Hjelmeland Ahmedzai, Maria Grazia Blandini, Barbara Bressi, Augusto Tommaso Caraceni, Joana Carvalho Vasconcelos, Stefania Costi, Stefania Fugazzaro, Monica Guberti, Mai-Britt Guldin, May Hauken, Irene Higginson, Barry J. A. Laird, Julie Ling, Charles Normand, Lise Nottelmann, Line Oldervoll, Cathy Payne, A. Toby Prevost, Guro B. Stene, Elisa Vanzulli, Eduardo Veber, Guillaume Economos, Matthew Maddocks
Summary: This multinational trial aims to test the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a short-term palliative rehabilitation intervention for people with incurable cancer. Through comparative analysis, mixed-method evaluation, evidence synthesis, and Delphi consensus, the trial will contribute to the development of an international framework for palliative rehabilitation practice and policy.
PALLIATIVE CARE & SOCIAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Manjula D. Nugawela, Sarega Gurudas, A. Toby Prevost, Rohini Mathur, John Robson, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, J. M. Rafferty, Ramachandran Rajalakshmi, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Saravanan Jebarani, Viswanathan Mohan, David R. Owens, Sobha Sivaprasad
Summary: This study aimed to develop and validate predictive models for sight threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) to identify high-risk population for retinal screening among people with Type 2 diabetes. The models were developed using datasets from general practices in inner London, UK and externally validated in cohorts from Wales, UK and India. The results showed that the developed models had good performance in predicting STDR.
Article
Rheumatology
Fowzia Ibrahim, Brian D. M. Tom, David L. Scott, Andrew Toby Prevost
Summary: This study analyzed missing data patterns and mechanisms in a rheumatoid arthritis trial, and proposed the best approach to handle missingness in composite outcomes. The impact on treatment estimates in patients who only provide data at milestone assessments was also assessed.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Sarega Gurudas, Karen Frudd, Jayapal Jeya Maheshwari, Yeddula Rebecca Revathy, Sobha Sivaprasad, Shruthi Mahalakshmi Ramanathan, Vignesh Pooleeswaran, A. Toby Prevost, Eleni Karatsai, Sandra Halim, Shruti Chandra, Paul Nderitu, Dolores Conroy, Subramanian Krishnakumar, Sowmya Parameswaran, Kuppamuthu Dharmalingam, Kim Ramasamy, Rajiv Raman, Colin Jones, Haralabos Eleftheriadis, John Greenwood, Patric Turowski
Summary: Serum cystatin C can be considered as a marker for prioritizing retinal screening for diabetic retinopathy.
JAMA OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vijay Ramadoss, Katharine Lazarus, Andrew Toby Prevost, Tricia Tan, Karim Meeran, Sirazum Choudhury
Summary: Afternoon cortisol >234 nmol/L on Abbott analyser platforms can exclude adrenal insufficiency, while including both 30- and 60-min SST cortisol values in patients with afternoon cortisol <234 nmol/L can prevent unnecessary glucocorticoid replacement therapy in 22.3% of individuals in this study. The SST cortisol cutoffs used on Abbott analyser platforms to define adrenal insufficiency should be 366.5 nmol/L and 418.5 nmol/L at 30 and 60 min, respectively. All patients remained well subsequently with at least 1-year longitudinal follow-up.
JOURNAL OF THE ENDOCRINE SOCIETY
(2021)