Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel Villarreal, Geetali Pradhan, Yu Zhou, Bingzhong Xue, Yuxiang Sun
Summary: Ghrelin and obestatin, encoded by the same gene, have diverse and complex functions. Although they have opposing effects in some systems, they function synergistically in others, with many functions remaining debatable.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Piotr Pardak, Rafal Filip, Jaroslaw Wolinski, Maciej Krzaczek
Summary: The study found that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is more common in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Lower ghrelin levels were observed in severe OSA patients, with correlations to severity of esophagitis and GERD symptoms, while leptin levels were correlated with lower esophageal pH. The relationship between OSA and GERD does not result from hormonal disorders, as no significant differences in hormonal levels were found based on GERD diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Piotr Pardak, Rafal Filip, Jaroslaw Wolinski
Summary: This study found an association between obesity and sleep-related breathing disorders. Both disorders affect ghrelin levels, with obesity parameters negatively correlated with hormone concentration. OSA appears to lower ghrelin values in the second half of the night.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Ayad Mohammed Salem, Rabia Latif, Nazish Rafique, Mubarak Aldawlan, Layan B. Almulla, Duaa Y. Alghirash, Ola A. Fallatah, Faleh M. Alotaibi, Fahad H. Aljabbari, Talay Yar
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the variations of appetite-related hormones during the menstrual cycle and their association with adipokines, estrogen, and BMI. The results showed insignificant differences in the levels of appetite-related hormones across menstrual cycle phases. However, a significant low level of ghrelin was observed in the obese group during the follicular phase.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marthe Isaksen Aukan, Silvia Coutinho, Sindre Andre Pedersen, Melanie Rae Simpson, Catia Martins
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the differences in gastrointestinal hormone response to food intake between individuals with and without obesity. The findings suggest that individuals with obesity have lower concentrations of total ghrelin and total peptide YY compared to controls, which may contribute to lower postprandial hunger ratings. However, there were no significant differences in other gastrointestinal hormones or appetite ratings. The study highlights the need for more comprehensive research to determine if these differences are a cause or consequence of obesity.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yifan Xu, Anthony P. Barnes, Nabil J. Alkayed
Summary: This review examines the role of GPR39 as a zinc-responsive member of the ghrelin family of G protein-coupled receptors in regulating various neurovascular and neurologic functions. It also discusses its expression pattern in the central nervous system and its recognized role in neurovascular, neurological, and neuropsychiatric disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Alexander Sirotkin, Adam Tarko, Milos Mlyncek, Abdel Halim Harrath
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of ghrelin, obestatin, and FSH on human ovarian granulosa cells. The results showed that these hormones can enhance cell viability, proliferation, and FSH response in ovarian cells.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nobuhiro Nakazawa, Makoto Sohda, Kyoichi Ogata, Seded Baatar, Yasunari Ubukata, Kengo Kuriyama, Keigo Hara, Masaki Suzuki, Toru Yanoma, Akiharu Kimura, Norimichi Kogure, Akihiko Sano, Makoto Sakai, Takehiko Yokobori, Atsushi Oue, Erito Mochiki, Hiroyuki Kuwano, Ken Shirabe, Noriyuki Koibuchi, Hiroshi Saeki
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between thyroid function and gastrointestinal motility using an experimental dog model. The findings suggest that hypothyroidism inhibits gastrointestinal motility, while hyperthyroidism enhances it. Additionally, it was observed that thyroid hormone can activate upper gastrointestinal motility independently of gastrointestinal hormones.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Yanan Shi, Yingsong Zheng, Jingming Xu, Bin Ding, Qiyang Shou, Guiping Chen, Ting Liu, Qiuhua Sun, Xiaohong Xu
Summary: The application of Shenhuang plaster can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal transmission in postoperative ileus (POI) rat models by regulating ghrelin and other intestinal hormones, improving gastrointestinal motility, and enhancing the secretion of other gastrointestinal motility hormones.
EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yi Tang, Xiaohui Pan, Ge Peng, Nanwei Tong
Summary: GAE may help people lose weight and improve the quality of life for obese patients, possibly through changes in gastrointestinal hormones.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Elzbieta Czkwianianc, Michal Kolejwa, Artur Bossowski, Natalia Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek, Ewa Glowacka, Aleksandra Makosiej, Joanna Goscik, Anna Socha-Banasiak, Ryszard Makosiej
Summary: The study found that children with constipation had lower serum concentrations of ghrelin compared to controls, and lower expression of mGlu7 receptor in the colon of constipated patients. A negative correlation was shown between serum ghrelin concentration and colonic transit time in the study group. The constipated group had higher median expression of obestatin receptor G protein-coupled receptor39 in rectal mucosae than the controls.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Marthe Isaksen Aukan, Siren Nymo, Karoline Haagensli Ollestad, Guro Akersveen Boyesen, Julia Nicole DeBenedictis, Jens Frederik Rehfeld, Silvia Coutinho, Catia Martins
Summary: Obesity is characterized by impaired secretion of gastrointestinal hormones and reduced postprandial satiety, particularly in individuals with class III obesity.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marthe Isaksen Aukan, Silje Skarvold, Ingrid Ofsti Brandsaeter, Jens Frederik Rehfeld, Jens Juul Holst, Siren Nymo, Silvia Coutinho, Catia Martins
Summary: This study aimed to compare changes in gastrointestinal hormones and appetite ratings after weight loss induced by a very low-energy diet alone or in combination with sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The results showed that SG and RYGB led to more significant changes in gastrointestinal hormones compared with diet alone, while appetite ratings decreased in all groups.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Amirmohammad Khalaji, Nastaran Babajani, Zahra Amirsardari, Behrad Saeedian, Soheil Peiman, Nathan A. Berger, Amir Hossein Behnoush
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the ghrelin and obestatin levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The results showed that patients with active IBD had higher levels of ghrelin and lower obestatin/ghrelin ratio, which might be a promising biomarker for disease activity assessment.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Claudio A. Alvarez, Juan F. Alvarado, Matias Farias, Claudia B. Carcamo, Hector Flores, Fanny Guzman, Sebastian San Martin, Juan Varas, Sebastian Messina, Felix Acosta, Nieves Sandoval, Belinda Vega, Paula A. Santana
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the expression and orexigenic ability of C. gilberti ghrelin. The results showed that ghrelin has the highest expression in the stomach and its levels increase before feeding but decrease after. Ghrelin is also localized in the digestive tissues. Overall, the study suggests that C. gilberti ghrelin plays a role in regulating appetite in the Corvina drum. Rating: 7 out of 10.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Weigang Cai, Raj Makwana, Marilisa Straface, Armen Gharibans, Paul L. R. Andrews, Gareth J. Sanger
Summary: The mouse isolated stomach exhibited myogenic contractions that were resistant to neural activity blockade by TTX. Compounds blocking interstitial cells of Cajal activity or atropine could prevent or reduce these contractions in the presence of TTX, while neostigmine enhanced the contractions (which were antagonized by atropine), suggesting the involvement of non-neuronal acetylcholine in their regulation.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elise Nordin, Carl Brunius, Rikard Landberg, Per M. Hellstrom
Summary: This study found that a diet rich in FODMAPs had a modest effect on IBS symptoms, while gluten had no effect on IBS symptoms. The study also revealed significant individual differences in response to different interventions.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gareth J. Sanger
Summary: The gastrointestinal hormone motilin helps control stomach movements during hunger and promotes hunger in humans. While motilin and its receptor genes have undergone pseudonymization in rodents, some studies suggest low concentrations of motilin can still function in the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system of these animals.
PHARMACOLOGY RESEARCH & PERSPECTIVES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Moeen Ud-Din, Bassam Karout, Wiktoria M. Torbe, Johan Lunding, Anne-Marie Wegeberg, Asbjorn M. Drewes, Christina Brock, Per M. Hellstrom
Summary: The study aims to develop a clinical decision-support tool to differentiate the underlying disease in gastrointestinal symptoms of diabetes patients. By collecting basic characteristics and patient reported outcomes, using statistical analysis and machine learning techniques, and searching for biomarkers for autonomic neuropathy, the study hopes to provide better healthcare for diabetes patients.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nicholas Baidoo, Gareth J. Sanger, Abi Belai
Summary: Old age is associated with a higher incidence of lower bowel conditions such as constipation. This study assessed and compared the pattern of distribution of enteric glial cells (EGCs) in adult and elderly human colon. The results showed that aging does not result in a loss of Sox-10-IR EGCs in the myenteric plexus (MP) and submucosal plexus (SMP), but reduces S100-IR EGCs density within the musculature, which may contribute to colonic dysfunction.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gareth J. Sanger, Paul L. R. Andrews
Summary: This study summarizes the drugs used to treat gastroparesis and explores the rationale behind blocking different pathways causing vomiting and increasing gastric emptying via different mechanisms. The results suggest that some drug classes lack scientific rationale for inhibiting vomiting. NK1 antagonism shows some rationale but limited efficacy against nausea. The efficacy of selective 5-HT4 agonists varies. Further research is needed to develop novel approaches targeting nausea and objective assessments of nausea.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gareth J. Sanger, Paul L. R. Andrews
Article
Microbiology
Jana Gruttner, Jorik M. van Rijn, Petra Geiser, Alexandra Florbrant, Dominic-Luc Webb, Per M. Hellstrom, Magnus Sundbom, Mikael E. Sellin, Staffan G. Svard
Summary: Giardia intestinalis is a parasite that infects the upper small intestine of mammals. It can cause diarrhoeal disease in humans, but many infections do not cause symptoms. The molecular mechanisms behind these different outcomes are still unclear.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Christoffer S. Graven-Nielsen, Cecilie S. Knoph, Tina Okdahl, Katrine L. Hoyer, Klaus Krogh, Per M. Hellstroem, Asbjorn M. Drewes
Summary: In patients with chronic idiopathic diarrhea resistant to standard treatment, opioids are often used as rescue therapy. This systematic review investigated the effects of opioid agonists on gut function in chronic diarrhea. The review found that opioid receptor agonists such as loperamide, asimadoline, casokefamide, and codeine reduced stool frequency and increased transit time compared with placebo, while loperamide and diphenoxylate significantly improved stool consistency. However, the evidence from clinical trials is limited and more research is needed to establish standardized endpoints and larger prospective studies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Raj Makwana, Gareth J. Sanger
Summary: Interstitial cells of Cajal generate slow wave gastric electrical activity, initiating spontaneous muscle contractions. This becomes dysrhythmic during nausea when [Arg8]-vasopressin (AVP) is also released. In human stomach AVP increased spontaneous contraction activity and muscle tone, not neuronally-mediated contractions. Rodents cannot vomit, releasing the related hormone, oxytocin (OT) instead. We hypothesised that rat stomach would behave differently.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Daniel Seifu, Kristofer F. Nilsson, Rajinder Chawla, Solomon Genet, Mikael Holst, Asfaw Debella, Per M. Hellstrom
Summary: The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the bioactive principle from Taverniera abyssinica root and investigate its effects on isolated smooth muscle tissues. Through bioassay-guided fractionation and HPLC purification, the bioactive fractions were identified as isoflavones. These compounds showed about 80% inhibition of contractions in isolated smooth muscle strips.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elise Nordin, Per M. Hellstrom, Johan Dicksved, Erik Pelve, Rikard Landberg, Carl Brunius
Summary: This study investigated the effects of FODMAPs and gluten on gut microbiota and circulating metabolite profiles, as well as the potential links between microbiota, metabolites, and IBS symptoms. The results showed that FODMAPs altered microbiota composition and were correlated with phenolic-derived metabolites and 3-indolepropionate, which are associated with positive health factors. However, the associations between molecular data and IBS symptoms were weak.
Meeting Abstract
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Cristina Perez-Ternero, Aisah Aubdool, Raj Makwana, Gareth Sanger, Roland Stimson, Li Chan, Amie Moyes, Adrian Hobbs
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Raj Makwana, Ellie Crawley, Marilisa Straface, Armen Gharibans, Kalpana Devalia, John Loy, Greg O'Grady, Paul L. R. Andrews, Gareth Sanger
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas Baidoo, Gareth J. Sanger, Abi Belai
Summary: This article introduces a laboratory protocol using image analysis to quantify the collagen content in the colon. It provides a systematic and reproducible method for accurately assessing the spatial distribution and localization of collagen fibers in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples. The protocol is also useful for retrospective studies.