Journal
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
Volume 110, Issue 7, Pages 1201-1210Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513000561
Keywords
Boerhaavia diffusa; Cardiac hypertrophy; Atrial natriuretic peptide; Xanthine oxidase; Reactive oxygen species; Transcription factors
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Funding
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- CSIR 12th 5-year plan project 'THUNDER' [BSC 0102]
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The present study evaluated the antihypertrophic potential of the ethanolic extract of Boerhaavia diffusa (BDE), a well-known edible cardiotonic plant reported in Ayurveda against angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiac myoblast cells. Markers of hypertrophy such as cell size, protein content and the concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were analysed for the confirmation of hypertrophy induction. Angiotensin II (100 nM) caused an increase in cell volume (69.26 (SD 1.21) %), protein content (48.48 (SD 1.64) %), ANP (81.90 (SD 1.22) %) and BNP (108.57 (SD 1.47) %). BDE treatment significantly reduced cell volume, protein content and the concentrations of ANP and BNP (P <= 0.05) in H9c2 cells. The activity of various antioxidant enzymes and the concentration of reduced glutathione, which was lowered due to hypertrophy, were increased in BDE-treated cells. The BDE treatment also reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls in cells. In addition, the expression patterns of NF-kappa beta and transforming growth factor beta 1 were found to be increased during hypertrophy, and their expressions were reduced on BDE treatment. In vitro chemical assays showed that BDE inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme and xanthine oxidase in a dose-dependent manner with an estimated 50% effective concentration (EC50) value of 166.12 (SD 2.42) and 60.05 (SD 1.54) mu g/ml, respectively. The overall results clearly indicate the therapeutic potential of B. diffusa against cardiac hypertrophy, in addition to its nutritional qualities.
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