Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yunseon Jang, Jun Young Heo, Min Joung Lee, Jiebo Zhu, Changjun Seo, Da Hyun Go, Sung Kyung Yoon, Date Yukari, Yuichi Oike, Jong-Woo Sohn, Minho Shong, Gi Ryang Kweon
Summary: The hypothalamic regulation of appetite is crucial for whole-body energy balance. Recent research has shown that angiopoietin-like growth factor (AGF) is expressed in proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus and regulated by leptin signaling. These findings provide important insights into the neural mechanisms underlying obesity and anorexia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ilaria Coppola, Bas Brouwers, Leanne Walker, Ceyhun Alar, Sandra Meulemans, Anne White, Bruno Ramos-Molina, John W. M. Creemers
Summary: This study investigates the role of FURIN in hypothalamic neurons controlling glucose and feeding. The researchers found that FURIN plays an important role in the cleavage of POMC and is involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and glucose homeostasis. The deletion of FURIN in mice resulted in hyperphagia, increased body weight, and altered POMC processing. These findings challenge the previous understanding of POMC cleavage and have implications for understanding the mechanisms of glucose and feeding regulation.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Fabiane Ferreira Martins, Thiago Santos-Reis, Thatiany Souza Marinho, Marcia Barbosa Aguila, Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
Summary: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of semaglutide on neuropeptide signaling in the hypothalamic energy metabolism of diet-induced obese mice. The results showed that semaglutide improved leptin sensitivity and anorexigenic signaling, while decreasing orexigenic signaling. Furthermore, semaglutide also affected biometric data and hypothalamic gene expressions. Therefore, semaglutide can activate anorexigenic signaling by restoring leptin, amylin, and POMC pathways in diet-induced obese mice.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yan Wei, Jun Chen, Xing Xu, Fan Li, Kun Wu, Yingying Jiang, Yuqing Rao, Chen Zhao, Wantao Chen, Xu Wang
Summary: The study demonstrates a critical role for Kdm6a in the regulation of H3k27me3 and its impact on Cry1 expression in the hypothalamus of diet-induced obesity mice. Inhibition of Kdm6a reduces body weight and stabilizes blood glucose homeostasis, suggesting Kdm6a as a potential drug target for obesity and metabolic disorders.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ahmed W. Al-Humadi, Khaled Alabduljabbar, Moath S. Alsaqaaby, Hani Talaee, Carel W. le Roux
Summary: The study aimed to identify associations between clinico-demographical characteristics and genetic mutations associated with obesity. The results revealed that gene mutations associated with obesity are common among patients with a BMI > 40 kg/m(2). However, a patient's BMI, age of onset of obesity, or age of onset of hyperphagia did not provide valuable information in predicting the presence of genetic mutations associated with obesity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
John Ciriello, Jason M. Moreau, Monica M. Caverson, Rebecca Moranis
Summary: This study found that long-term exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia may be related to obesity and leptin resistance, leading to weight gain.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Martin Regensburger, Laura Krumm, Manuel Alexander Schmidt, Andreas Schmid, Imke Tabea Spatz, Dominique Cornelius Marterstock, Christoph Kopp, Zacharias Kohl, Arnd Doerfler, Thomas Karrasch, Beate Winner, Jurgen Winkler
Summary: SPG11 patients exhibit altered body composition, adipokine levels, and hypothalamic volume, indicating a link between obesity and hypothalamic neurodegeneration in SPG11.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dan Du, Yugang Zhang, Canjun Zhu, Hong Chen, Jia Sun
Summary: The earliest function of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) was to respond to hypoxic conditions as a transcription factor. Recent studies have shown that HIF plays an essential role in central regulation of metabolism, affecting the central nervous system's response to glucose, inflammation, and hormonal influence on systemic metabolism. HIF primarily inhibits energy uptake and promotes energy expenditure in the hypothalamus, with its role depending on various factors and mechanisms within the hypothalamus.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joao A. B. Pedroso, Ivson B. da Silva, Thais T. Zampieri, Leonardo T. Totola, Thiago S. Moreira, Ana P. T. Taniguti, Gabriela P. Diniz, Maria Luiza M. Barreto-Chaves, Jose Donato
Summary: Increasing leptin sensitivity can have therapeutic effects against obesity, but it may also lead to cardiovascular and glucose metabolism issues.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Nasim Biglari, Isabella Gaziano, Jonas Schumacher, Jan Radermacher, Lars Paeger, Paul Klemm, Weiyi Chen, Svenja Corneliussen, Claudia M. Wunderlich, Michael Sue, Stefan Vollmar, Tim Kloeckener, Tamara Sotelo-Hitschfeld, Amin Abbasloo, Frank Edenhofer, Frank Reimann, Fiona M. Gribble, Henning Fenselau, Peter Kloppenburg, Frank T. Wunderlich, Jens C. Bruening
Summary: Biglari et al. discovered distinct subgroups of POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus, each with unique molecular signatures and regulatory functions in feeding, revealing new insights into body weight control mechanisms.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luciana da Costa Oliveira, Gustavo Paroschi Morais, Franciane Pereira de Oliveira, Milene Montavoni Mata, Allice Santos Cruz Veras, Alisson Luiz da Rocha, Lucila Leico Kagohara Elias, Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira, Camila de Moraes, Dennys E. Cintra, Eduardo R. Ropelle, Leandro P. de Moura, Jose R. Pauli, Ellen C. de Freitas, Rodrigo Rorato, Adelino Sanchez R. da Silva
Summary: Consuming a high-fat diet leads to hypothalamic inflammation and disrupts the leptin pathway, resulting in dysregulated hypothalamic neuronal activities and increased risk of obesity. Intermittent fasting and exercise training have been shown to effectively modulate hypothalamic inflammation and neuronal activity. However, it is unknown whether combining these interventions can better restore hypothalamic homeostasis in the presence of a high-fat diet.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Santiago Guerra-Cantera, Laura M. Frago, Roberto Collado-Perez, Sandra Canelles, Purificacion Ros, Alejandra Freire-Regatillo, Maria Jimenez-Hernaiz, Vicente Barrios, Jesus Argente, Julie A. Chowen
Summary: Dietary intervention can impact metabolic hormones and glucose tolerance in male and female mice, with some parameters returning to normal levels after switching back to a standard diet, but with differences in the rate of recovery. Sex differences were also observed in the response to high fat diet and the switch to a normal diet, particularly in circulating levels of IGF2 and IGFBP2.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Calvin V. Lieu, Neruja Loganathan, Denise D. Belsham
Summary: The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in maintaining body homeostasis by integrating various signals, including hormones, nutrients, and signaling molecules. Distinct neuronal subpopulations in the hypothalamus regulate functions such as energy balance, reproduction, and circadian rhythms. Changes at the hypothalamic level caused by factors like excessive saturated fatty acid consumption can lead to metabolic diseases, and microRNAs are emerging as potential tools in diagnosis and treatment.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Huy Pho, Slava Berger, Carla Freire, Lenise J. Kim, Mi-Kyung Shin, Stone R. Streeter, Nishitha Hosamane, Meaghan E. Cabassa, Frederick Anokye-Danso, Olga Dergacheva, Mateus R. Amorim, Thomaz Fleury-Curado, Jonathan C. Jun, Alan R. Schwartz, Rexford S. Ahima, David Mendelowitz, Vsevolod Y. Polotsky
Summary: This study demonstrates that restoring leptin signaling in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) can increase ventilation during sleep and reduce REM sleep time in db/db mice lacking leptin receptor LepR(b). Leptin had no effect on ventilation during non-REM sleep or CO2 production in these mice.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Gabriel O. de Souza, Frederick Wasinski, Jose Donato
Summary: This study aimed to compare the responses of male and female C57BL/6 mice to various metabolic challenges. The results showed that male mice had stronger responses to food restriction and refeeding, while female mice had higher protection against diet-induced obesity. Additionally, male mice had different feeding responses to ghrelin and leptin compared to females. However, these sex differences were not explained by differences in central responsiveness or neuron fiber density.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pere Bibiloni, Catalina A. Pomar, Andreu Palou, Juana Sanchez, Francisca Serra
Summary: Elevated miR-222 levels are linked to metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Rats fed an obesogenic diet during lactation have higher miR-222 content in breast milk, leading to increased body fat mass and impaired insulin sensitivity in their offspring. Transfection experiments with miR-222 mimics or inhibitors on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes reveal that miR-222 plays a role in pathways related to insulin signaling, lipid metabolism, and adipogenesis.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pedro Castillo, Catalina Amadora Pomar, Andreu Palou, Mariona Palou, Catalina Pico
Summary: The study aimed to analyze the long-term metabolic effects of leptin supplementation during suckling in the offspring of diet-induced obese rats and the potential benefits of improving maternal diet during lactation. The results showed that leptin treatment significantly improved metabolic profile and body fat accumulation under standard diet conditions, with stronger effects in male offspring. However, under high-fat diet conditions, the offspring of dams fed as high-fat diet showed metabolic alterations that were not observed in the offspring of dams switched to standard diet during lactation. Leptin supplementation improved glucose homeostasis in male offspring but impaired insulin sensitivity in female offspring born to high-fat diet-fed dams. These findings highlight the importance of balanced maternal diet during the perinatal period, especially lactation, for the metabolic health of offspring, and the beneficial effects of leptin supplementation during suckling, particularly in male offspring.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pedro Castillo, Ondrej Kuda, Jan Kopecky, Catalina Amadora Pomar, Andreu Palou, Mariona Palou, Catalina Pico
Summary: The study evaluated the impact of improving maternal diet during lactation on the metabolome of milk and offspring plasma in diet-induced obese rats. The results showed that the milk of rats fed a western diet had altered amino acid and carnitine profiles, as well as changes in other metabolites. These alterations were also observed in the plasma of the offspring, but were largely normalized in rats that switched to a standard diet during lactation.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marta Alonso-Bernaldez, Andreu Palou-March, Rocio Zamanillo-Campos, Andreu Palou, Mariona Palou, Francisca Serra
Summary: Although nutrient profiling systems are helpful for healthier food choices, assessing overall diet quality is still necessary. This study developed a diet profiling algorithm (DPA) to evaluate nutritional quality, giving a final score and color coding. The DPA considers various factors such as carbohydrate/fiber ratio and energy from saturated fats and sodium, as well as fiber, protein, and macronutrient distribution.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sebastia Galmes, Azahara I. I. Ruperez, Juana Sanchez, Luis A. A. Moreno, Ronja Foraita, Antje Hebestreit, Denes Molnar, Andreu Palou, Catalina Pico
Summary: Insufficient PA in children is a major contributor to obesity and cardiometabolic complications. This study aimed to identify transcript-based biomarkers for early discernment of low PA in children. The analysis revealed differentially expressed genes related to cardiometabolic benefits and metabolic complications, as well as affected pathways associated with protein catabolism, skeletal morphogenesis, and wound healing.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Catalina Pico, Empar Lurbe, Jaap Keijer, Jan Kopecky, Jean-Francois Landrier, Julio Alvarez-Pitti, Jean Charles Martin, Paula Oliver, Andreu Palou, Mariona Palou, Petr Zouhar, Joan Ribot, Ana M. Rodriguez, Juana Sanchez, Francisca Serra, M. Luisa Bonet
Summary: The objective of the INTEGRActiv study is to identify novel integrative biomarkers of PA and its effects on body health in children and adolescents, and to validate these biomarkers through an educational intervention.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Catalina A. Pomar, Tomeu Viver, Ana Valle, Juan F. Gago, Pedro Castillo, Mariona Palou, Andreu Palou, Ramon Rossello-Mora, Catalina Pico
Summary: Maternal consumption of an obesogenic diet during the perinatal period results in changes in the microbiome of dams, which are alleviated by dietary improvement during lactation. Maternal conditions and leptin supplementation of pups during suckling have a modest impact on shaping the microbiome of the adult offspring, which might partially contribute to the adverse and beneficial effects, respectively, of these conditions on programmed metabolic health.
