Article
Clinical Neurology
Giorgio B. Boncoraglio, Cinzia Del Giovane, Irene Tramacere
Summary: This study summarized the current evidence on BP-lowering drugs for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. The use of BP-lowering drugs was associated with a 1.9% risk reduction of stroke but did not affect the all-cause mortality risk.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hailan Zhu, Haoxiao Zheng, Tianyu Xu, Xinyue Liu, Xiong Liu, Lichang Sun, Xiong-Fei Pan, Weiyi Mai, Xiaoyan Cai, Yuli Huang
Summary: A meta-analysis study found that statins treatment may reduce the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in high-risk patients. Statins can also reduce the risk of recurrent VTE and all-cause mortality in patients with a history of VTE.
VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Miia Rahja, Tracy Air, Susannah Ahern, Stephanie A. Ward, Gillian E. Caughey, Janet K. Sluggett, Monica Cations, Xiaoping Lin, Kasey Wallis, Maria Crotty, Maria C. Inacio
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of primary and secondary care clinical quality indicators (CQIs) for Australians with dementia using government subsidized aged care. The results showed an increase in incidence of all CQIs except for medication reviews. Being female, older, having fewer comorbidities, and living outside a major city were associated with lower likelihood of using the services.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Ashish Sarraju, Gabriela Spencer-Bonilla, Sukyung Chung, Sofia Gomez, Jiang Li, Paul Heidenreich, Latha Palaniappan, Fatima Rodriguez
Summary: This retrospective cohort study examined statin treatment patterns and incident ASCVD among older adults aged 65-79 for primary prevention. It found that patients over 75 years old were less likely to receive moderate- or high-intensity statin prescriptions, and had a higher risk of incident ASCVD compared to younger counterparts. Further research is needed to understand the reasons for age-based differences in statin use and ASCVD risk among older adults.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kausik K. Ray, Bart Molemans, W. Marieke Schoonen, Periklis Giovas, Sarah Bray, Gaia Kiru, Jennifer Murphy, Maciej Banach, Stefano De Servi, Dan Gaita, Ioanna Gouni-Berthold, G. Kees Hovingh, Jacek J. Jozwiak, J. Wouter Jukema, Robert Gabor Kiss, Serge Kownator, Helle K. Iversen, Vincent Maher, Luis Masana, Alexander Parkhomenko, Andre Peeters, Piers Clifford, Katarina Raslova, Peter Siostrzonek, Stefano Romeo, Dimitrios Tousoulis, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, Michal Vrablik, Alberico L. Catapano, Neil R. Poulter
Summary: This study found persistent gaps between clinical guidelines and clinical practice for lipid management across Europe, which are likely to be exacerbated by the 2019 guidelines. Even with optimized statins, greater utilization of non-statin LLT may be needed to reduce these gaps for patients at highest risk.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Kamal Awad, Maged Mohammed, Mahmoud Mohamed Zaki, Abdelrahman I. Abushouk, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Michael J. Blaha, Carl J. Lavie, Peter P. Toth, J. Wouter Jukema, Naveed Sattar, Maciej Banach
Summary: Statin therapy in older people for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is associated with significantly lower risks of all-cause mortality, CVD death, and stroke, but not with myocardial infarction. The observational findings support the need for further trials to test the benefits of statins in individuals above 75 years of age.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Katrina Ann Obas, Ariana Bytyci-Katanolli, Marek Kwiatkowski, Qamile Ramadani, Nicu Fota, Naim Jerliu, Shukrije Statovci, Jana Gerold, Manfred Zahorka, Nicole Probst-Hensch
Summary: Primary healthcare plays an essential role in non-communicable disease prevention in Kosovo, but there are many undetected risk factors. Depressive symptoms are positively associated with physical inactivity and undetected respiratory diseases, and inversely associated with undetected diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Economics
Jemimah Ride, Panos Kasteridis, Nils Gutacker, Hugh Gravelle, Nigel Rice, Anne Mason, Maria Goddard, Tim Doran, Rowena Jacobs
Summary: This study examines the impact of preventive activities on costs of primary and secondary care in English primary care practices, focusing on people with serious mental illness. The findings suggest that these activities are associated with cost reductions in both primary and secondary care, with the cost savings in secondary care being significantly larger. The financial incentives for primary care physicians to participate in these activities were smaller than the total cost savings produced, indicating the potential for further increasing welfare through changes in incentive design.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Benjamin J. Kerman, Charles A. Brunette, Elizabeth J. Harris, Ashley A. Antwi, Amy A. Lemke, Jason L. Vassy
Summary: This study examines the influence of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) on primary care physician's medical decision-making and investigates whether patient race affects this influence. The results show that, despite identical clinical and genetic profiles, physicians are more likely to recommend treatment and screening for Black patients compared to White patients.
GENETICS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Mariana Perez, Juanita Arango Abisaad, Kristina D. Rojas, Michael A. Marchetti, Natalia Jaimes
Summary: This article provides an overview of the natural history of skin cancer and its prevention strategies, focusing on melanoma and keratinocyte skin cancers. It covers the epidemiology, risk factors, and potential interventions for health promotion and primary prevention.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Mariana Perez, Juanita Arango Abisaad, Kristina D. Rojas, Michael A. Marchetti, Natalia Jaimes
Summary: Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, and prevention and control strategies can be categorized into health promotion, primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention. This review covers the epidemiology, risk factors, primordial prevention, and primary prevention of melanoma and keratinocyte skin cancers, while also discussing existing recommendations, challenges, opportunities, and future directions.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Maneesh Sud, Atul Sivaswamy, Peter C. Austin, Husam Abdel-Qadir, Todd J. Anderson, Rohan Khera, David M. J. Naimark, Douglas S. Lee, Idan Roifman, George Thanassoulis, Karen Tu, Harindra C. Wijeysundera, Dennis T. Ko
Summary: The study validated the European-developed SCORE2 models in predicting cardiovascular disease risk in a large Canadian cohort, showing varied performance by age group and the importance of regional calibration for accuracy. Independent assessment of tools like SCORE2 is crucial before implementation in new regions.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Joe Zhang, Hutan Ashrafian, Brendan Delaney, Ara Darzi
Summary: Health information exchange (HIE) is considered crucial for effective care but lacks evidence at the health system level. This study examines the evolution of interoperable technology in NHS England from 2015 to 2019 and assesses the impact of primary to secondary care data-sharing on care quality. The findings suggest that data-sharing capabilities are associated with reduced breach of the A & E 4-h decision time threshold and improved patient-reported experience of acute hospital care quality.
NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
John Charles A. Lacson, Scarlet H. Doyle, Lu Qian, Jocelyn Del Rio, Stephanie M. Forgas, Stella Valavanis, Rodrigo Carvajal, Guillermo Gonzalez-Calderon, Youngchul Kim, Richard G. Roetzheim, Steven K. Sutton, Susan T. Vadaparampil, Peter A. Kanetsky
Summary: Inherited variation at the MC1R gene is associated with increased risk of melanoma among non-Hispanic whites. Providing MC1R genetic risk information and precision prevention materials can lead to increased sun-protective behaviors, particularly among individuals with higher risk genetic variants. This intervention showed positive effects on behaviors such as shade-seeking and wearing long-sleeved shirts, highlighting the potential of precision prevention in enhancing melanoma prevention efforts.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Maneesh Sud, Atul Sivaswamy, Anna Chu, Peter C. Austin, Todd J. Anderson, David M. J. Naimark, Michael E. Farkouh, Douglas S. Lee, Idan Roifman, George Thanassoulis, Karen Tu, Jacob A. Udell, Harindra C. Wijeysundera, Dennis T. Ko
Summary: The study aimed to improve risk stratification for statin therapy by recalibrating the Framingham Risk Score and Pooled Cohort Equations using contemporary population-level data. The findings showed that recalibrating the FRS reduced overestimation of risk and improved utilization of statins, while recalibrating the PCEs did not improve the accuracy of risk estimation.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
V. L. Johnson, L. Apps, E. Kreit, R. Mullis, J. Mant, M. J. Davies
Summary: The study aimed to test the acceptability and feasibility of the self-management programme My Life After Stroke (MLAS), as well as identifying the outcomes measures to include in further testing. The results showed that MLAS was a feasible programme and met the needs of stroke survivors.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Vicki L. Johnson, Lindsay Apps, Michelle Hadjiconstantinou, Marian E. Carey, Elizabeth Kreit, Ricky Mullis, Jonathan Mant, Melanie J. Davies
Summary: This study aimed to develop a structured self-management programme to address the unmet long-term needs of stroke survivors. The programme was developed through a systematic process based on evidence and theory, and involved three phases.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Sue Jowett, Shahela Kodabuckus, Gary A. Ford, F. D. Richard Hobbs, Mark Lown, Jonathan Mant, Rupert Payne, Richard J. McManus, James P. Sheppard
Summary: This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of deprescribing antihypertensive medications for older patients with normal blood pressure. The findings suggest that reducing medication use is not advisable for many older patients with controlled systolic blood pressure, but may be beneficial for high-risk populations with targeted approaches.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Peter H. Charlton, Panicos A. Kyriacou, Jonathan Mant, Vaidotas Marozas, Phil Chowienczyk, Jordi Alastruey
Summary: Smart wearables provide an opportunity to monitor health, especially in the detection of cardiovascular disease. By monitoring the photoplethysmogram signal, wearable devices can effectively monitor the heart and blood vessels. This survey summarizes the fundamentals of wearable photoplethysmography, its analysis, potential clinical applications, and outlines future research directions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Alison Powell, Sarah Hoare, Rakesh Modi, Kate Williams, Andrew Dymond, Cheryl Chapman, Simon Griffin, Jonathan Mant, Jenni Burt
Summary: Qualitative research can enhance the design, conduct and interpretation of trials. However, its full potential is often not realized in trials. This commentary highlights the contributions of qualitative research to trial design, conduct and day-to-day running, using a feasibility study as an example. Structural factors and relationships play a crucial role in realizing the benefits of embedding qualitative research in trials. Key lessons for planning future trials are outlined.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sarah Hoare, Alison Powell, Rakesh Narendra Modi, Natalie Armstrong, Simon J. Griffin, Jonathan Mant, Jenni Burt
Summary: Participants in the study showed overall support for AF screening, viewing it as a positive step towards early diagnosis and better treatment outcomes. They believed that participating in the screening could lead to a better future and demonstrated their commitment to self-care. Most participants perceived the screening test as non-invasive and had low perceived risks, contributing to high uptake rates.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Faye Forsyth, Sandra Mulrennan, Jenni Burt, Peter Hartley, Isla Kuhn, Helen Lin, Jonathan Mant, Sapphire Tan, Roy Zhang, Christi Deaton
Summary: This study aims to determine the dietary interventions tested in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), assess the method of modulation and outcomes employed, and summarize the evidence for any benefit. The study identified 25 clinical investigations, with only 40% conducted exclusively in HFpEF. Most studies used highly tailored prescribed diets or dietary supplementation, while dietary pattern interventions were less common. The study highlights the challenges of pooling heterogeneous studies and the importance of better reporting and standardized definitions and measurements.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Faye Forsyth, Thomas Blakeman, Jenni Burt, Carolyn A. Chew-Graham, Muhammad Hossain, Jonathan Mant, John Sharpley, Emma Sowden, Christi Deaton
Summary: This study investigates the impact of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) on patients' lives within the context of limited clinical services. The findings suggest that HFpEF patients face a heavy workload and multiple threats, while lacking recognition of their illness. These factors contribute to negative physical, social, and psychological outcomes, as well as a perception of loss of control.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Ruby S. M. Tsang, Mark Joy, Heather Whitaker, James P. Sheppard, John Williams, Julian Sherlock, Nikhil Mayor, Bernardo Meza-Torres, Elizabeth Button, Alice J. Williams, Debasish Kar, Gayathri Delanerolle, Richard McManus, Richard Hobbs, Simon de Lusignan
Summary: This study aimed to develop and validate a modified version of the Cambridge Multimorbidity Score using clinical terms commonly used in electronic health records worldwide. The study used diagnosis and prescriptions data from an English primary care surveillance network and analyzed the associations between 37 health conditions and 1-year mortality risk. Two simplified models were developed and the final model showed good performance in predicting mortality risk.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Faye Forsyth, Sandra Mulrennan, Jenni Burt, Peter Hartley, Isla Kuhn, Helen Lin, Jonathan Mant, Sapphire Tan, Roy Zhang, Christi Deaton
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of dietary interventions in HFpEF. The analysis of randomized or controlled studies revealed that caloric restriction and carbohydrate restriction led to significant improvements in blood pressure, while protein supplementation improved blood pressure and body weight. However, due to study heterogeneity and overall quality of the evidence, it is difficult to make firm recommendations.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING
(2023)
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Zhirong Yang, Sengwee Toh, Jonathan Mant
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tove Hygrell, Fredrik Viberg, Erik Dahlberg, Peter H. Charlton, Katrin Kemp Gudmundsdottir, Jonathan Mant, Josef Lindman Hornlund, Emma Svennberg
Summary: The study aimed to observe the accuracy of an artificial intelligence-based network in predicting paroxysmal atrial fibrillation from a normal sinus rhythm single-lead ECG. The algorithm performed well in predicting paroxysmal AF in a wide age range, but had lower performance in age-homogeneous groups.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
James P. K. Sheppard, Constantinos Koshiaris, Richard Stevens, Sarah A. Lay-Flurrie, Amitava Banerjee, Brandon K. A. Bellows, Andrew J. Clegg, F. D. Richard Hobbs, Rupert A. Payne, Subhashisa Swain, Juliet A. Usher-Smith, Richard J. McManus
Summary: This study found that blood pressure-lowering treatment is associated with an increased risk of serious adverse events, particularly in older and frail patients. The analysis suggests that prescribing new treatment in these populations may be just as likely to cause a serious fall as it would prevent a stroke or heart attack.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sarah Hoare, Gwilym P. A. Thomas, Alison Powell, Natalie Armstrong, Jonathan Mant, Jenni Burt
Summary: While many individuals feel obligated to participate in screening programs for early treatment of detectable conditions, why some people choose not to participate receives less attention. In a study examining nonparticipation in a national research trial of atrial fibrillation screening, participants who declined the invitation expressed doubts about the necessity and utility of the screening at their age. The study concluded that nonparticipation was based on the consideration of perceived necessity, legitimacy, and utility of the screening.
HEALTH EXPECTATIONS
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Ruby S. M. Tsang, Mark Joy, Heather Whitaker, James P. Sheppard, John Williams, Julian Sherlock, Nikhil Mayor, Bernardo Meza-Torres, Elizabeth Button, Alice J. Williams, Debasish Kar, Gayathri Delanerolle, Richard McManus, F. D. Richard Hobbs, Simon de Lusignan
Summary: This study developed and validated a modified version of the Cambridge Multimorbidity Score, using clinical terms that are commonly used internationally, allowing reliable estimation across different healthcare settings.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
