Article
Veterinary Sciences
Hannah Padda, Michelle Wemette, Amelia Greiner Safi, Wendy Beauvais, Michael A. Shapiro, Paolo Moroni, Renata Ivanek
Summary: The study interviewed 9 dairy veterinarians in New York State and found that they believed antibiotic overuse was largely due to farmers' concern for cattle welfare and desire for swift treatment of ailments. They believed that antibiotic use could be reduced through regulation and improved herd management activities. Participants did not view the dairy industry as a significant contributor to antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Gasto Frumence, Leonard E. G. Mboera, Bugwesa Z. Katale, Calvin Sindato, Sharadhuli Kimera, Anna Durrance-Bagale, Stephen E. Mshana, Taane G. Clark, Mark M. Rweyemamu, Helena Legido-Quigley, Mecky Matee
Summary: The study identified strengths in Tanzania's implementation of the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, such as improved multisectoral collaboration and government will, but also weaknesses like lack of public awareness and inadequate resources. Future policies should capitalize on these strengths and opportunities, while designing interventions to improve public awareness and community engagement.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Aleksandra J. Borek, Katherine Maitland, Monsey McLeod, Anne Campbell, Benedict Hayhoe, Christopher C. Butler, Liz Morrell, Laurence S. J. Roope, Alison Holmes, Ann Sarah Walker, Sarah Tonkin-Crine
Summary: The study found that the COVID-19 pandemic had impacted antibiotic prescribing and antimicrobial stewardship in general practice in England, leading to lower thresholds for prescribing antibiotics and changes in consultation methods. Participants reported decreased engagement with AMS due to COVID-19-related urgent priorities. Re-engagement with AMS is needed to identify opportunities for future management of infections and AMS.
Article
Primary Health Care
Eoin Hurley, Elaine Walsh, Tony Foley, Clara H. Heinrich, Stephen Byrne, Kieran Dalton
Summary: This study found that general practitioners generally have positive perceptions towards integrating pharmacists into general practices, especially in terms of patient outcomes, cost savings, and improving access to care. However, concerns were raised regarding funding, workload impact, and training needs for pharmacists in this setting.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Olalla Vazquez-Cancela, Laura Souto-Lopez, Juan M. Vazquez-Lago, Ana Lopez, Adolfo Figueiras
Summary: Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health issue often linked to misuse, with factors such as lack of knowledge, doctor-patient relationships, adherence problems, and use without prescription identified as potential determinants of misuse. The public is generally unaware of their role in antimicrobial resistance, with information about resistance not widely disseminated by healthcare providers. Understanding and addressing these factors could lead to improved strategies for antibiotic use.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Brooke Nickel, Hankiz Dolan, Stacy Carter, Nehmat Houssami, Meagan Brennan, Jolyn Hersch, Alia Kaderbhai, Kirsten McCaffery
Summary: Australian GPs have limited knowledge and experience regarding mammographic breast density. There are mixed views on notifying women about their breast density, with some believing it can help informed decision making but others worried about causing unnecessary anxiety. GPs expressed a need for education, training and support on this topic.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sabine Gehrke-Beck, Jochen Gensichen, Katrina M. Turner, Christoph Heintze, Konrad F. R. Schmidt
Summary: The study explores general practitioners' views and experiences of caring for postsepsis patients and participating in a specific outreach training program. Results show that GPs provide continuity of care to patients surviving sepsis, and the outreach education is considered helpful in improving the management of postintensive care complications and sepsis aftercare in daily practice.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Christoph Buck, Eileen Doctor, Jasmin Hennrich, Jan Johnk, Torsten Eymann
Summary: This study examines the attitudes of general practitioners towards AI-enabled systems in medical diagnosis. Through interviews with 18 GPs in Germany, the study identifies determinants of GPs' attitudes and categorizes them into five categories. The findings provide valuable information for technology developers, policymakers, and stakeholders in GP care.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Hager Ali Saleh, Michael A. Borg, Cecilia Stalsby Lundborg, Erika A. Saliba-Gustafsson
Summary: This study aimed to gain a better understanding of the antibiotic prescribing-use-dispensation dynamic in Malta from the perspective of GPs, pharmacists, and parents. The results showed that while there was generally high awareness of antibiotic overuse and ABR among the interviewees, issues such as antibiotic demand, non-compliance, and over-the-counter dispensing still existed. However, the interviewees believed that the public is more accepting of alternative strategies, such as delayed antibiotic prescription. Both GPs and pharmacists were enthusiastic about their roles as patient educators in raising knowledge and awareness in this context. Overall, there is room for improvement in antibiotic use in Malta.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Anais Essilini, Gaelle Le Dref, Aurelie Bocquier, Joelle Kivits, Adeline Welter, Celine Pulcini, Nathalie Thilly
Summary: The AntibioCharte intervention was well accepted by general practitioners and patients in France, with the non-prescription pad being the most popular tool. Displaying the commitment charter in waiting rooms may not be effective, and some general practitioners questioned the usefulness of the leaflet.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND INFECTION CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sinenhlanhla Pearl Guma, Brian Godman, Stephen M. Campbell, Ozayr Mahomed
Summary: The overuse of antibiotics and the lack of surveillance on antibiotic prescribing at a primary healthcare level in South Africa are significant issues. A study found that private sector general practitioners often prescribe antibiotics empirically for patients with acute respiratory infections, primarily for symptom relief and complication prevention. Factors such as age, years of practice, workload/time pressures, and diagnostic uncertainty were associated with empiric prescribing.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Joost C. L. den Boer, Brigitte A. F. M. van Dam, Wil J. M. van der Sanden, Josef J. M. Bruers
Summary: This study aimed to describe a classification of collaboration between general dental practitioners and dental hygienists in oral health care practices in the Netherlands. The results highlighted leadership style and goals for collaboration as the most important factors influencing collaboration. Leadership style varied from very directive to very supportive, and seemed to be connected to the allocation of responsibilities. Goals for collaboration varied from predominantly patient-related to mostly practice-related.
BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Houda Bennani, Laura Cornelsen, Katharina D. C. Stark, Barbara Hasler
Summary: The study evaluated the performance and value of the integrated surveillance system for AMU/AMR in England using the ISSE framework. The findings highlighted the need for more cross-sectoral collaboration and improvement in the integration within the surveillance system.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
M. M. Fedotova, V. P. Chigrina, A. V. Shirinskaya, S. V. Fedosenko, O. S. Fedorova
Summary: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat, and the misuse of antibiotics is the main contributing factor. This study aims to explore antibiotic prescribing practices and perceptions of AMR among healthcare practitioners (HCPs) in the Russian Federation.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lucia Volpato, Maria del Rio Carral, Nicolas Senn, Marie Santiago Delefosse
Summary: General practitioners perceive wearable devices as user-friendly tools that can support patient empowerment, behavior change, and improve awareness of medical history and body functionality. However, concerns remain regarding lack of scientific validation, issues with data protection, and potential stakeholder-associated financial interests. The study emphasizes the importance of involving medical professionals in the development and design of wearables to address these concerns.
JMIR MHEALTH AND UHEALTH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
David Gillespie, Marijn de Bruin, Dyfrig A. Hughes, Richard Ma, Adam Williams, Fiona Wood, Zoe Couzens, Adam Jones, Kerenza Hood
Summary: This study investigated the factors influencing the use of PrEP and the coverage of condomless anal sex (CAS) by PrEP among men who have sex with men in Wales, UK. The results showed that an STI diagnosis was associated with lower PrEP use and coverage, while older adults had higher PrEP use. Believing that other PrEP users took PrEP as prescribed was associated with lower PrEP coverage. These findings suggest that an STI diagnosis can be an important cue for interventions to improve PrEP coverage, and provide a basis for developing evidence-informed interventions to promote PrEP coverage.
Article
Economics
Xiao Li, Joke Bilcke, Alike W. van der Velden, Robin Bruyndonckx, Samuel Coenen, Emily Bongard, Muirrean de Paor, Slawomir Chlabicz, Maciek Godycki-Cwirko, Nick Francis, Rune Aabenhus, Heiner C. Bucher, Annelies Colliers, An De Sutter, Ana Garcia-Sangenis, Dominik Glinz, Nicolay J. Harbin, Katarzyna Kosiek, Morten Lindbaek, Christos Lionis, Carl Llor, Reka Miko-Pauer, Ruta Radzeviciene Jurgute, Bohumil Seifert, Par-Daniel Sundvall, Pia Touboul Lundgren, Nikolaos Tsakountakis, Theo J. Verheij, Herman Goossens, Christopher C. Butler, Philippe Beutels
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding oseltamivir to primary care in Europe for treating influenza-like illness (ILI) in adults/adolescents and children. The results showed that adding oseltamivir to primary care is likely to be cost-effective from the healthcare payers' perspective, and cost-saving from a societal perspective in adults/adolescents.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Ketaki Bhate, Kathryn E. Mansfield, Sarah-Jo Sinnott, David J. Margolis, Elizabeth Adesanya, Nick Francis, Clemence Leyrat, Susan Hopkins, Richard Stabler, Laura Shallcross, Sinead M. Langan, Rohini Mathur
Summary: This study investigated the use of oral antibiotics for moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris using primary care data. It was found that 44.5% of individuals received long-term oral antibiotic treatment, with a median of four continuous courses per person. Further research is needed to understand the consequences of using antibiotics for shorter periods.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Hilda Hounkpatin, Beth Stuart, Shihua Zhu, Guiqing Yao, Michael Moore, Christin Loeffler, Paul Little, Timothy Kenealy, David Gillespie, Nick A. Francis, Jennifer Bostock, Taeko Becque, Bruce Arroll, Attila Altiner, Pablo Alonso-Coello, Alastair D. Hay
Summary: This study analyzed data from 12 primary care studies involving 9103 adults and children, and found that 90% of participants recovered from all symptoms within 28 days, regardless of antibiotic use. For respiratory tract infections with cough as the dominant symptom, four different symptom trajectories were identified, including rapid recovery, intermediate recovery, slow progressive improvement, and slow improvement with initial high symptom burden. Patients with longer duration of cough symptoms were more likely to have re-consultations and hospital admissions.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Christopher C. Butler, F. D. Richard Hobbs, Oghenekome A. Gbinigie, Najib M. Rahman, Gail Hayward, Duncan B. Richards, Jienchi Dorward, David M. Lowe, Joseph F. Standing, Judith Breuer, Saye Khoo, Stavros Petrou, Kerenza Hood, Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam, Mahendra G. Patel, Benjamin R. Saville, Joe Marion, Emma Ogburn, Julie Allen, Heather Rutter, Nick Francis, Nicholas P. B. Thomas, Philip Evans, Melissa Dobson, Tracie-Ann Madden, Jane Holmes, Victoria Harris, May Ee Png, Mark Lown, Oliver van Hecke, Michelle A. Detry, Christina T. Saunders, Mark Fitzgerald, Nicholas S. Berry, Lazaro Mwandigha, Ushma Galal, Sam Mort, Bhautesh D. Jani, Nigel D. Hart, Haroon Ahmed, Daniel Butler, Micheal McKenna, Jem Chalk, Layla Lavallee, Elizabeth Hadley, Lucy Cureton, Magdalena Benysek, Monique Andersson, Maria Coates, Sarah Barrett, Clare Bateman, Jennifer C. Davies, Ivy Raymundo-Wood, Andrew Ustianowski, Andrew Carson-Stevens, Ly-Mee Yu, Paul Little
Summary: This study aimed to determine the safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of molnupiravir in vaccinated high-risk patients in the community. The results showed that molnupiravir did not reduce hospital admissions or deaths associated with COVID-19 compared to usual care in this population.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nick A. A. Francis, Taeko Becque, Merlin Willcox, Alastair D. D. Hay, Mark Lown, Richard Clarke, Beth Stuart, Lucy Yardley, Michael Moore, Joelle Houriet, Paul Little
Summary: This study found that non-pharmaceutical interventions such as wearing face masks, practicing social distancing, and frequent handwashing have strong protective effects against COVID-19 infection.
Article
Primary Health Care
Paul Little, Taeko Becque, Alastair D. Hay, Nick A. Francis, Beth Stuart, Gilly O'Reilly, Natalie Thompson, Kerenza Hood, Michael Moore, Theo Verheij
Summary: This study externally validated an existing prognostic model for children with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and developed a new model for internal validation. The study found that a simple three-item prognostic score could effectively identify children with LRTI who are at low risk of adverse outcomes, providing guidance for clinical management.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Miriam Santer, Megan Lawrence, Susanne Renz, Zina Eminton, Beth Stuart, Tracey H. Sach, Sarah Pyne, Matthew J. Ridd, Nick Francis, Irene Soulsby, Karen Thomas, Natalia Permyakova, Paul Little, Ingrid Muller, Jacqui Nuttall, Gareth Griffiths, Kim S. Thomas, Alison M. Layton
Summary: This study assessed the effectiveness of oral spironolactone for acne vulgaris in adult women. The results showed that spironolactone had significant improvement in acne symptoms and quality of life compared to placebo at 12 weeks and 24 weeks, with no serious adverse reactions reported. This suggests that spironolactone is a useful alternative to oral antibiotics for women with acne.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter S. Blair, Grace Young, Clare Clement, P. Dixon, Penny Seume, Jenny Ingram, Jodi Taylor, Christie Cabral, Patricia J. Lucas, Elizabeth Beech, Jeremy Horwood, Martin Gulliford, Nick A. Francis, Sam Creavin, Janet A. Lane, Scott Bevan, Alistair D Hay
Summary: This multifaceted intervention for children with respiratory tract infections in primary care did not reduce antibiotic dispensing or increase hospital admissions. However, there was some evidence that the intervention slightly reduced prescribing rates in certain subgroups and situations, but not in a clinically relevant way.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Paul Little, Nick A. Francis, Beth Stuart, Gilly O'Reilly, Natalie Thompson, Taeko Becque, Alastair Hay, Kay Wang, Michael Sharland, Anthony Harnden, Guiqing Yao, James Raftery, Shihua Zhu, Joseph Little, Charlotte Hookham, Kate Rowley, Joanne Euden, Kim Harman, Samuel Coenen, Robert C. Read, Catherine Woods, Christopher C. Butler, Saul N. Faust, Geraldine Leydon, Mandy Wan, Kerenza Hood, Jane Whitehurst, Samantha Richards-Hall, Peter Smith, Michael Thomas, Michael Moore, Theo Verheij
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of amoxicillin for uncomplicated lower respiratory tract infections in children. The results show that amoxicillin has no significant impact on clinical symptoms and resource utilization. It is suggested that parents and clinicians need better access to information and communication.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jane Vennik, Adam W. A. Geraghty, Kate Martinson, Lucy Yardley, Beth Stuart, Michael Moore, Nick Francis, Alastair Hay, Theo Verheij, Katherine Bradbury, Kate Greenwell, Laura Dennison, Sian Williamson, James Denison-Day, Ben Ainsworth, James Raftery, Shihua Zhu, Christopher Butler, Samantha Richards-Hall, Paul Little
Summary: Most adults in the UK experience viral respiratory tract infections (RTIs) annually, and certain individuals are at higher risk. Common nasal sprays and digital interventions promoting physical activity and stress management are being tested to reduce the incidence and severity of RTIs. This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effectiveness and economic impact of these interventions. Recruitment started in December 2020 and is expected to be completed by April 2024.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ruyu Xia, Yutong Fei, Lishan Zhang, Zhijun Jie, Xiaoyun Fan, Mengyuan Dai, Michael Moore, Merlin Willcox, Xiaoyang Hu, Nick Francis, Changhao Liang, Guanghe Fei, Jianping Liu
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the Chinese patent herbal medicine Shufeng Jiedu capsule (SFJD) for treating acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). It is a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 300 patients recruited in Beijing, Shanghai and Hefei. The primary outcome will be COPD symptom severity as measured by the EXAcerbation of Chronic Pulmonary Disease Tool score.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Oghenekome Gbinigie, Emma Ogburn, Julie Allen, Jienchi Dorward, Melissa Dobson, Tracie-Ann Madden, Ly-Mee Yu, David M. Lowe, Najib Rahman, Stavros Petrou, Duncan Richards, Kerenza Hood, Mahendra Patel, Benjamin R. Saville, Joe Marion, Jane Holmes, May Ee Png, Gail Hayward, Mark Lown, Victoria Harris, Bhautesh Jani, Nigel Hart, Saye Khoo, Heather Rutter, Jem Chalk, Joseph F. Standing, Judith Breuer, Layla Lavallee, Elizabeth Hadley, Lucy Cureton, Magdalena Benysek, Monique Andersson, Nick Francis, Nicholas P. B. Thomas, Philip Evans, Oliver van Hecke, Mona Koshkouei, Maria Coates, Sarah Barrett, Clare Bateman, Jennifer Davies, Ivy Raymundo-Wood, Andrew Ustianowski, Jonathan Nguyen-Van-Tam, Andrew Carson-Stevens, Richard Hobbs, Paul Little, Christopher C. Butler
Summary: This study is a clinical trial that aims to evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of novel antiviral treatments for COVID-19 in vaccinated patients at increased risk in the community. It is an open-label, prospective, adaptive, multiarm platform trial that allows for the addition of new treatments and the evaluation of existing interventions. The study also includes a prospective economic evaluation.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Merlin L. Willcox, Xiao-Yang Hu, Tom Oliver, Kerensa Thorne, Cherish Boxall, George He, Catherine Simpson, Becci Brotherwood, Alice O'Neil, Robert Waugh, Emma Tilt, Jeanne Trill, Neville Goward, Nick Francis, Michael Thomas, Paul Little, Tom Wilkinson, Jian-Ping Liu, Gareth Griffiths, Michael Moore
Summary: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of conducting a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial of the Chinese herbal medicine Shufeng Jiedu (SFJD) for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in UK primary care. The results showed that the recruitment rate was lower than expected, possibly due to the lower incidence of AECOPD during the COVID-19 pandemic, patients starting antibiotics from rescue packs before seeing their GP, and challenges in the primary care workforce. However, the study was still able to demonstrate the feasibility of recruiting and randomising participants and identified approaches to address recruitment challenges.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kevin L. L. Schwartz, Alice X. T. Xu, Sarah Alderson, Lars Bjerrum, Jamie Brehaut, Benjamin C. C. Brown, Heiner C. C. Bucher, An De Sutter, Nick Francis, Jeremy Grimshaw, Ronny Gunnarsson, Sigurd Hoye, Noah Ivers, Donna M. M. Lecky, Morten Lindbaek, Jeffrey A. A. Linder, Paul Little, Benedikte Olsen Michalsen, Denise O'Connor, Celine Pulcini, Par-Daniel Sundvall, Pia Touboul Lundgren, Jan Y. Y. Verbakel, Theo J. J. Verheij
Summary: We have developed 13 best practice guidelines for designing and evaluating peer comparison audit and feedback on antibiotic prescribing in primary care. These guidelines can optimize the impact of quality improvement interventions and improve antibiotic prescribing in primary care.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND INFECTION CONTROL
(2023)
