Journal
BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS
Volume 11, Issue 5, Pages 356-365Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/els033
Keywords
Non-coding RNA; miRNA; piRNA; siRNA; transposable elements; gene regulation
Funding
- Wellcome Trust [097820/Z/11/Z]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/G011346/1]
- Wellcome Trust [097820/Z/11/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/G011346/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/G011346/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Many aspects of gene regulation are mediated by RNA molecules. However, regulatory RNAs have remained elusive until very recently. At least three types of small regulatory RNAs have been characterized in Drosophila: microRNAs (miRNAs), piwi-interacting RNAs and endogenous siRNAs. A fourth class of regulatory RNAs includes known long non-coding RNAs such as roX1 or bxd. The initial sequencing of the Drosophila melanogaster genome has served as a scaffold to study the transcriptional profile of an animal, revealing the complexities of the function and biogenesis of regulatory RNAs. The comparative analysis of 12 Drosophila genomes has been crucial for the study of microRNA evolution. However, comparative genomics of other RNA regulators is confounded by technical problems: genomic loci are poorly conserved and frequently encoded in the heterochromatin. Future developments in genome sequencing and population genomics in Drosophila will continue to shed light on the conservation, evolution and function of regulatory RNAs.
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