Article
Materials Science, Composites
Simon Heide-Jorgensen, Michal K. Budzik, Claus H. Ibsen
Summary: Textile composite materials offer superior properties compared to traditional materials, but their complex structure makes predicting mechanical properties challenging. A multiscale homogenization model has been developed, taking into account factors such as fiber undulation and different materials for fill and warp tows to analyze hybrid composites.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Xue Yang, Yi-xuan Sun, Dian-sen Li, Lei Jiang
Summary: This study constructed two three-dimensional orthogonal woven composites (3DOWCs) with different fiber volume contents and investigated their multi-directional compression properties and damage mechanisms at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. The results showed that temperatures, fiber volume contents, and loading directions all affected the behaviors of the composites. The stress-strain curves exhibited ductility at room temperature and brittleness at liquid nitrogen temperature, with significant increases in compression strength observed in all directions at the lower temperature. Fracture patterns also differed between the temperatures, with edge yarn stripping and shear cracking dominant at room temperature and interface layering, yarn fracture, shear cracking, and interfacial debonding prevalent at liquid nitrogen temperature, particularly in the warp direction.
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Yajun Liu, Toshiaki Natsuki, Canyi Huang, Takashi Nakajima, Hong Xia, Qing-Qing Ni
Summary: This study investigates the flexural and impact performance of 3D woven textile-reinforced composites using different structures and binder yarns. The results show that the woven structure and yarn ratio have significant effects on the mechanical properties, and the introduction of aramid binder yarn can improve impact resistance but decrease flexural performance.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dian-sen Li, Wen-fen Han, Lei Jiang, Dai-ning Fang
Summary: The fatigue behavior of carbon/epoxy three-dimensional six-directional braided composites was investigated. The results showed that the composites exhibited good fatigue properties, although the fatigue life decreased with increasing stress levels. Fatigue cracks propagated from the outside to the inside of the material and entered the fiber/matrix interface. The degree of damage increased with higher stress levels.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jin Sun, Yunfeng Dai, Linhai Huang, Diantang Zhang, Junhua Zhao
Summary: In this study, the low-velocity impact damage behavior and influencing factors of 3D woven composites were investigated experimentally and numerically. The results showed that the damage exhibited significant directionality, which was closely related to the weft/warp orientation of the composites. The distribution shape of the yarns played an important role in absorbing impact deformation and strengthening the structure during loading. Furthermore, the directional impact damage significantly affected the post-impact performance.
Article
Mechanics
Li Wuzhou, Zhang Kun, Zheng Liangang, Xu Fujun
Summary: In this paper, a theoretical model is proposed to predict the dielectric constant of 3DWSCs, and its accuracy and feasibility are validated through experiments. The model can be used to design the dielectric properties of sandwich composites, which is of great help and convenience for applications such as radome or microstrip antenna.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Li-Hua Lyu, Wen-Di Liu, Bao-Zhong Sun
Summary: The three-dimensional honeycomb woven electromagnetic absorbing composites were fabricated on an ordinary loom using carbon black/carbonyl iron powder/basalt fiber/carbon fiber/epoxy resin materials through the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. When the thickness was 15mm, the mechanical properties and electromagnetic wave-absorbing properties of the composites showed the best match. Despite various failure modes such as brittle fracture of fiber bundle and matrix cracking, the 3-D honeycomb woven EM absorbing composites still maintained good integrity without delamination.
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Muhammad Umair, Syed Talha Ali Hamdani, Yasir Nawab, Muhammad Ayub Asghar, Tanveer Hussain
Summary: Three-dimensional woven spacer composites have great potential for use in automobiles and construction due to their superior mechanical performance. This study evaluated the time-dependent compression and recovery behavior of three-dimensional woven spacer composites. The results showed that the static compressive strength decreased with increased sample thickness, and the 4 mm thick composite exhibited the highest energy absorption during fracture. Additionally, the 10 mm thick composite showed the highest recovery, while the 20 mm thick composite exhibited higher creep with time.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Huawei Zhang, Xinghai Zhou, Yuan Gao, Liwei Wu, Lihua Lyu
Summary: To avoid absorption bandwidth limitations and delamination in honeycomb composites, a three-dimensional (3D) gradient honeycomb composites were prepared using a vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process. By altering the type of absorbing agent and honeycomb structure, the effective absorption bandwidth and/or reflection loss can be optimized, especially at specific incident angles. This work provides an adjustable method for the fabrication of microwave absorption composites, with potential applications in civilian and military sectors.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Xiaori Yang, Liangang Zheng, Long Chen, Fujun Xu
Summary: In this study, integrated 3D woven spacer composites (3DWSC) with double-layer cores assembled at different height combinations were designed and prepared to improve their anti-impact property. The results showed that the 3DWSC-4+8 combination had the highest contact force value and residual compressive strength after impact compared to single-layer 3DWSC. Moreover, SEM images revealed exceptional mechanical stability of the as-prepared double-layer 3DWSC with no fiber breakage and delamination. This work provides a reference for the design and fabrication of multi-layer 3DWSC, a promising material in high-performance composites.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xue Yang, Dian -sen Li, Lei Jiang
Summary: This study designed and fabricated 3D seven-directional braided composites with different braiding angles, and their compression properties at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures were explored and compared with other braided structural composites. The temperatures and braiding angles significantly influenced the properties of the 3D braided composites. The incorporation of seventh yarns greatly improved the out-of-plane properties of the 3D seven-directional braided composites compared to 3D five-directional and 3D six-directional braided composites.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Devashish Rajpoot, R. Lakshmi Narayan, Long Zhang, Punit Kumar, Haifeng Zhang, Parag Tandaiya, Upadrasta Ramamurty
Summary: Fracture behavior of bulk metallic glass matrix composites with both transforming and non-transforming fi-Ti dendrites under shear and opening modes was examined, showing lower fracture toughness in mode II due to shear dominant stress state and considerable crack growth in this mode. Despite the ability of transforming dendrites to strain harden and enhance ductility, BMGCs reinforced with non-transforming dendrites exhibit higher toughness in both modes. Shear band patterns suggest identical fracture mechanism in BMGCs and BMGs, with differences rationalized by the effect of relaxation enthalpy and dendrites length scale.
Article
Mechanics
Chaofeng Han, Shuwei Huang, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study investigates the electrical resistance changes of 3D carbon fiber/epoxy woven composites under short beam shear loading along different orientations. The on-axis samples show higher electrical conductivity, shear strength, and resistance increase compared to off-axis samples. The relationship between shear strength and relative resistance change was also revealed, providing a possible method for characterizing internal damages in the materials.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Haoyuan Dang, Yinxiao Zhang, Peng Liu, Zhenqiang Zhao, Liyong Tong, Chao Zhang, Yulong Li
Summary: This paper presents a generic multi-scale analytical model for predicting the mechanical response and failure behavior of 3D woven composites, which is validated and shown to be accurate. The results indicate that the interior-surface integrated cell model scheme has the best predictive capability, and quantifiable relationships are proposed.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Huawei Zhang, Xinghai Zhou, Yuan Gao, Ying Wang, Yongping Liao, Liwei Wu, Lihua Lyu
Summary: Three-dimensional gradient honeycomb woven composites with triangular sections were designed and prepared to solve defects such as poor integrity and narrow absorption bandwidth. The materials showed both electromagnetic-absorbing and load-bearing functions. The addition of a carbon fiber reflective layer effectively improved the electromagnetic-absorbing and mechanical properties.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Junfeng Cui, Liang Ma, Guoxin Chen, Nan Jiang, Peiling Ke, Yingying Yang, Shiliang Wang, Kazuhito Nishimura, Javier Llorca
Summary: This article reports the abnormal phenomenon that twin boundaries weaken the strength of body-centered cubic (BCC) tungsten. [1-11]-oriented W nanowires with (121) twin planes and free of dislocations were fabricated, and in situ tensile tests were performed. The fracture strength of the twinned W nanowire was found to be 13.7 GPa, 16% lower than that of the single-crystal W nanowire (16.3 GPa). The weakening mechanism was revealed to be the early nucleation of a crack at the intersection of the twin boundary with the surface.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Maral Sarebanzadeh, Alberto Orozco-Caballero, Javier LLorca
Summary: The transfer of basal-to-basal slip across grain boundaries was studied in weakly-textured pure Mg specimens deformed in tension using slip trace analysis and electron back-scatterer diffraction. Basal slip was the dominant deformation mechanism in most grains, and the transfer/blocking of slip at grain boundaries was examined. The active slip system(s) in the grains were determined by analyzing the rotation of grains caused by plastic slip along the basal slip systems. Additionally, the orientation of grain boundaries was measured to determine the twist angle theta.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Cristina Madrona, Seungki Hong, Dongju Lee, Julia Garcia-Perez, Jose Manuel Guevara-Vela, Ramon Bernardo Gavito, Anastasiia Mikhalchan, Javier Llorca, Bon-Cheol Ku, Daniel Granados, Jun Yeon Hwang, Juan J. Vilatela
Summary: This work describes macroscopic fibers composed of aligned double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) intercalated with bromine. The intercalated structure consists of bromine ions lying inside the interstitial sites between the DWCNTs, forming ordered supramolecular wires. The intercalation greatly increases the electrical conductivity and retains the exceptional mechanical properties of the CNT fiber host.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei Shao, Sha Liu, Javier LLorca
Summary: The whole Al-Li phase diagram is accurately predicted from first principles calculations and statistical mechanics, taking into account the effect of configurational and vibrational entropy. The predicted phase diagram shows excellent agreement with the experimental results in terms of stable and metastable phases, phase boundaries, and maximum stability temperature of line compounds. The methodology demonstrates that accurate phase diagrams of technologically important alloys can be obtained from first principles calculations.
COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
David Aveiga, David Garoz Gomez, Davide Mocerino, Bernardo Lopez-Romano, Carlos Gonzalez
Summary: This study analyzes the ply-ply and ply-tool friction coefficients for UD AS4/8552 Carbon/Epoxy prepreg. A pull-out test method was employed to determine the friction coefficients at different velocities, pressures, and temperatures related to the thermoforming process conditions, providing a detailed report of friction parameters and mechanisms. Using the Lubrication Theory approach, an analytical model was developed based on the Stribeck curve and Reynolds equation, accurately predicting friction coefficients for prepreg composite materials in the mentioned process and contact conditions.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING AND MATERIALS PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Biaobiao Yang, Jun Wang, Yunping Li, Matthew Barnett, Javier LLorca
Summary: A dual-textured Mg-6.5 Zn alloy with limited yield asymmetry is studied. The deformation mechanisms responsible for the behavior are analyzed and it is found that compressive deformation is accommodated by basal slip and extension twinning, while tensile deformation promotes basal and nonbasal slip. The contribution of rotated grains leads to similar values of the yield strength in tension and compression.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Mingdi Yu, Yuchi Cui, Jingya Wang, Yiwen Chen, Zhigang Ding, Tao Ying, Javier Llorca, Xiaoqin Zeng
Summary: The presence of Y and Ca in a magnesium-based alloy led to a significant increase in the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) for different deformation mechanisms, including basal slip, pyramidal slip, and tensile twin nucleation. This change in CRSS altered the dominant deformation mechanisms in polycrystals, replacing tensile twinning with prismatic slip during compressive deformation. The reduction of twinning and the activation of prismatic slip were responsible for the high tensile ductility of the alloy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Wahaaj Ali, Monica Echeverry-Rendon, Guillermo Dominguez, Kerstin van Gaalen, Alexander Kopp, Carlos Gonzalez, Javier LLorca
Summary: This study analyzed the corrosion, mechanical degradation, and biological performance of cold-drawn WE43 Mg wires. The results showed that the surface-modified Mg wires by continuous PEO had better corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. In contrast, the non-surface-treated Mg wires had a high corrosion rate, resulting in the loss of strength and ductility and no cell attachment. The PEO process formed a dense oxide layer that suppressed pitting corrosion and improved the strength of the Mg wires, enabling cell attachment.
BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Meijuan Zhang, Anxin Ma, Javier Llorca
Summary: A numerical strategy is proposed to simulate plastic deformation in Mg alloys, which includes dislocation slip through a crystal plasticity model solved using the finite element method, and twin propagation through a phase field model solved using a fast Fourier transform algorithm. The crystal plasticity and phase field equations are solved using different discretizations of the simulation domain with the same time step. The strategy is used to simulate the compression deformation of a Mg micro-pillar and successfully predicts the stress-strain curve and dominant deformation mechanisms, demonstrating the capability of explicitly considering twin propagation in the simulation of plastic deformation in Mg alloys. Furthermore, a simulation of slip/twin interaction in polycrystals is presented to showcase the model's capabilities.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Sasa Kovacevic, Wahaaj Ali, Emilio Martinez-Paneda, Javier LLorca
Summary: A phase-field model is developed to simulate the corrosion of Mg alloys in body fluids, capturing both uniform and pitting corrosion. The model takes into account the synergistic effect of aggressive environments and mechanical loading in accelerating corrosion kinetics. It has the potential to assess the service life and optimize the design of Mg-based biomedical devices, promoting the development of Mg alloys as biodegradable implant materials.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei Shao, Jose Manuel Guevara-Vela, Antonio Fernandez-Caballero, Sha Liu, Javier LLorca
Summary: The solid-state region of the Ni-Al phase diagram is predicted accurately by combining first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. The computed phase diagram agrees well with the experimental phase diagram and provides additional information about the phase boundary between AlNi3 and Ni below 300 K. The study also analyzes the individual contributions of vibrational entropy and magnetic effects to the stability and solubility of different phases.
Article
Mechanics
Spyridon Psarras, Raul Munoz, Mazdak Ghajari
Summary: This study investigates the damage tolerance of carbon fibre reinforced polymer plates used in aircraft fuselage under multi-site impacts. A new fixture and compression-after-impact rig were designed for sequential low-velocity impacts on plates with different thicknesses. Experimental results show that multi-site impacts decrease the residual strength of thin plates but not thick plates. A finite element model explains the difference and suggests that the buckled shape prior to failure is changed by the second impact in thin plates.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Yu-Yao Liu, Juan Pedro Fernandez Blazquez, Guang-Zhong Yin, De-Yi Wang, Javier Llorca, Monica Echeverry-Rendon
Summary: This study presents a strategy for manufacturing biodegradable and biocompatible 3D printable biomaterials with tunable mechanical properties and degradation rate for tissue regeneration scaffolds. The PCEC copolymers synthesized in this study showed tunable mechanical properties and degradation rate, as well as excellent cytocompatibility and cell attachment. It was also demonstrated that PCEC scaffolds with excellent dimensional accuracy and controlled microporosity can be manufactured using 3D printing.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Biaobiao Yang, Jun Wang, Yunping Li, Matthew Barnett, Javier LLorca
Summary: The transformation from compression twins (CT) to double twins (DT) was studied in a dual-textured Mg-6.5%Zn(wt.) alloy during deformation along the extrusion axis. After 7.3% compression, 85% of CT transformed to DT. However, during tension, the transformation ratio dropped to 22% and 36% despite higher applied stresses and strains. The differences in DT activity could not be explained by the Schmid factor, indicating that the activation of non-basal slip plays a role in suppressing the CT to DT transformation.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wahaaj Ali, Monica Echeverry-Rendon, Alexander Kopp, Carlos Gonzalez, Javier LLorca
Summary: The mechanical behavior, corrosion mechanisms, and cytocompatibility of magnesium wires reinforced poly-lactic acid polymer composites were investigated through a 180-day in vitro degradation study. Plasma-electrolytic oxidation surface modification of Mg wires improved the interface shear strength from 10.9 MPa to 26.3 MPa, but decreased to 8 MPa and 13.6 MPa in Mg/PLA and PEO-Mg/PLA composites after 42 days degradation. The cross-sections of the composites exhibited good cytocompatibility, with cells tending to migrate towards the PLA regions and avoiding the surface of the Mg wires. The corrosion rate of surface-modified Mg wires was significantly reduced, with only 3% mass loss after 180 days.
NPJ MATERIALS DEGRADATION
(2023)
