Journal
BRAIN RESEARCH
Volume 1430, Issue -, Pages 112-125Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.10.045
Keywords
Vision; Photoreceptor; Amacrine cell; NOAC; Soluble guanylyl cyclase; Light adaptation
Categories
Funding
- CONICYT
- FONDECYT [11080061, 1090343]
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Two decades after its first detection in the retina, nitric oxide (NO) continues to puzzle visual neuroscientists. While its liberation by photoreceptors remains controversial, recent evidence supports three subtypes of amacrine cells as main sources of NO in the inner retina. NO synthesis was shown to depend on light stimulation, and mounting evidence suggests that NO is a regulator of visual adaptation at different signal processing levels. NO modulates light responses in all retinal neuron classes, and specific ion conductances are activated by NO in rods, cones, bipolar and ganglion cells. Light-dependent gap junction coupling in the inner and outer plexiform layers is also affected by NO. The vast majority of these effects were shown to be mediated by activation of the NO receptor soluble guanylate cyclase and resultant cGMP elevation. This review analyzes the current state of knowledge on physiological NO signaling in the retina. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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