Article
Clinical Neurology
Christoph Helmchen, Bjoern Machner, Hannes Schwenke, Andreas Sprenger
Summary: This study investigated the effect of bilateral deep cerebellar nuclei lesions on the initial acceleration of human smooth pursuit and other types of eye movements. The results showed that the initial pursuit acceleration was not significantly reduced in patients with bilateral lesions. The findings suggest independent influences on the neural processes controlling saccadic and pursuit eye movements in the deep cerebellar nuclei.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yasuo Terao, Shin-ichi Tokushige, Satomi Inomata-Terada, Hideki Fukuda, Akihiro Yugeta, Yoshikazu Ugawa
Summary: The velocity profile of horizontal saccades can serve as an indicator of brainstem and cerebellar output dysfunction. Altered velocity profiles in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients suggest pathology in the brainstem and cerebellum. This study's findings are of significance for diagnosis and treatment of PSP patients.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Salvatore Bertino, Gianpaolo Antonio Basile, Alessia Bramanti, Rosella Ciurleo, Adriana Tisano, Giuseppe Pio Anastasi, Demetrio Milardi, Alberto Cacciola
Summary: Different parcellation pipelines were tested for identifying the treatment target Vim for drug refractory tremors, with higher-order signal modeling and threshold-based voxel classification criteria being the most reliable in terms of inter-subject variability. Connectivity parcels corresponding to Vim were primarily derived from precentral and dentate nucleus-thalamic connectivity, but showed significant differences compared to a ground truth model. Data quality and parcellation pipelines significantly influenced the volume of connectivity clusters, highlighting the need for caution in thalamic connectivity-based segmentation for stereotactic targeting.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Takeshi Miyamoto, Yutaka Hirata, Akira Katoh, Kenichiro Miura, Seiji Ono
Summary: This study investigated how stimulus and behavioral histories of past trials influence the control of predictive pursuit of target motion with randomized velocities. Results show that predictive pursuit responses were observed in both predictable and unpredictable conditions. The goodness of fit of the LME model improved when historical effects were fitted together rather than separately, suggesting that predictive pursuit systems use weighted averaging of past information to track randomized target motion.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Laura M. McNair, Graeme F. Mason, Golam M. Chowdhury, Lihong Jiang, Xiaoxian Ma, Douglas L. Rothman, Helle S. Waagepetersen, Kevin L. Behar
Summary: Anaplerosis, mediated by pyruvate carboxylase (PC) in astroglia, varies across different brain regions. The rate of PC contributes to oxidative glucose consumption and is positively correlated with glutamate/glutamine cycling.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sander Lindeman, Sungho Hong, Lieke Kros, Jorge F. Mejias, Vincenzo Romano, Robert Oostenveld, Mario Negrello, Laurens W. J. Bosman, Chris De Zeeuw
Summary: The study investigated the activity and coherence between S1 and M1 cortices during whisker stimulation in awake mice, finding that optogenetic Purkinje cell stimulation can dynamically and functionally modulate sensorimotor cortex activity. Specifically, simultaneous activation of Purkinje cells and whiskers affected sensory responses and coherence in theta and gamma bands, highlighting the cerebellum's role in coordinating sensorimotor behavior.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Laura E. Hawley, Megan Stringer, Abigail J. Deal, Andrew Folz, Charles R. Goodlett, Randall J. Roper
Summary: This study found that the overexpression of DYRK1A protein in Down syndrome mice varies with age, sex, and brain region, and reducing the copy number of Dyrk1a can decrease the expression of DYRK1A. These sex-specific patterns of DYRK1A overexpression may provide mechanistic targets for therapeutic intervention in Down syndrome.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Soo-jin Choi, Na-young Kim, Jun-yup Kim, Young-sil An, Yong-wook Kim
Summary: This study analyzed the brain metabolism changes associated with central post-stroke pain (CPSP) following pontine hemorrhage. The findings revealed alterations in brain metabolism in the cerebral cortices and cerebellum of CPSP patients. Hypometabolism was observed in the contralesional rostral anterior cingulum and ipsilesional primary motor cortex, while increased metabolism was found in the ipsilesional cerebellum and contralesional cerebellum. Increased pain intensity correlated with decreased metabolism in the ipsilesional supplementary motor area and contralesional angular gyrus.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Thanh Tin Nguyen, Jin-Ju Kang, Ju-Hee Chae, Eunsu Lee, Hyo-Jeong Kim, Ji-Soo Kim, Sun-Young Oh
Summary: This study investigates the usefulness of quantitative saccadic and smooth-pursuit fatigability analyses with video-oculography (VOG) for diagnosing myasthenia gravis (MG). The results show that measuring decrements of oculomotor ranges after repetitive saccadic and pursuit movements using VOG can be a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for MG.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Aura Caterine Rengifo, Jorge Rivera, Diego Alejandro Alvarez-Diaz, Julian Naizaque, Gerardo Santamaria, Sheryll Corchuelo, Claudia Yadira Gomez, Orlando Torres-Fernandez
Summary: This study investigates the morphological and molecular changes in the cortex and cerebellum of mice infected with ZIKV. The infected mice showed significant morphological changes accompanied by calcifications and decreased expression of markers involved in cortical and cerebellar neurodevelopment. These findings may indicate the presence of astrocytosis, dendritic pathology, alterations in neuronal regulation systems, and premature maturation, which have been previously linked to ZIKV infection and microcephaly.
Article
Neurosciences
Carmen B. Schafer, Zhenyu Gao, Chris De Zeeuw, Freek E. Hoebeek
Summary: The study found that the firing of ventrolateral thalamus (VL) neurons is influenced by the thalamic membrane potential, cerebellar input frequency, and duration of pauses after high frequency stimulation. Inputs from motor cortical layer VI can shift the VL membrane potential and modulate the spike output in response to cerebellar stimulation. Additionally, when cerebellar nuclei and motor cortical layer VI pathways are co-activated, the motor cortical inputs increase thalamic spike output in response to cerebellar stimulation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mayu Takahashi, Yuriko Sugiuchi, Jie Na, Yoshikazu Shinoda
Summary: The study identified different neural inputs from the rostral and caudal superior colliculi to the nucleus raphe interpositus, showing that inhibitory burst neurons suppress activity of omnipause neurons immediately before and during saccades. This suggests a role for IBNs in triggering and controlling eye movements.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Mehrangiz Ashiri, Brian Lithgow, Abdelbaset Suleiman, Behzad Mansouri, Zahra Moussavi
Summary: The study examined the vestibular responses to horizontal pursuit and saccadic eye movements in healthy individuals using Electrovestibulography. Results showed that both pursuit and saccadic eye movements inhibited the activity of the central and peripheral vestibular system, possibly to limit the vestibulo-ocular reflex and optokinetic response. The insensitivity of the vestibular system to saccade directions provides evidence on bilateral efferent projections to the vestibular afferent and hair cells.
BIOCYBERNETICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Chao-Jin Xu, Mei-Qi Li, Li-Zhao, Wei-Guang Chen, Jun-Ling Wang
Summary: Short-term high-fat diet increases sensitivity to apoptosis, APP and IL-1 beta production as well as gliosis in cerebral cortex and cerebellum, which may be related to enhancement of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK activation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Oliver Schmitt, Peter Eipert, Frauke Russ, Julia Beier, Kanar Kadir, Anja Horn
Summary: By building and analyzing the rat brainstem connectome database, we gain better understanding of the structure and function of neural networks. The database can be accessed through connectivity tables and web-based tools, and pattern analysis and community analysis are utilized to reveal its network organization.