Article
Optics
Clemens M. Beckmann, Lukas Janos Richter, Juergen Ihlemann
Summary: This article presents an approach to achieve freeform shaping of optical surfaces through stress-induced viscous deformation. The results demonstrate the feasibility of shaping individual optical substrates with a flat surface.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jingyu Kang, Xin Pang, Qian Sheng, Xiaodong Fu, Daochun Wan, Luqing Xia, Shaojun Zhang
Summary: This paper discusses the significance of structural planes and their conversion relationship with different criteria, and proposes a fast identification method for rock mass failure modes and a new method for converting criteria. The methods and conclusions of this paper provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the prediction and identification of rock mass failure modes in rockburst.
Article
Mechanics
Thomasina V. V. Ball, Neil J. J. Balmforth
Summary: This paper investigates the dynamics of peeling of a viscous fluid spreading underneath a deformable surface skin or crust. The rate of advance is controlled by the peeling dynamics at the fluid front rather than bulk self-similar flow. The study focuses on a skin that deforms either viscously or plastically, where the thin plate of material is governed by the Herschel-Bulkley constitutive law. The research examines how such a skin controls viscous flow underneath, considering constant flux and different types of spreading currents.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wook Ha Ryu, Won-Seok Ko, Haruka Isano, Rui Yamada, Hehsang Ahn, Geun Hee Yoo, Kook Noh Yoon, Eun Soo Park, Junji Saida
Summary: In this study, we systematically investigate the compressive plasticity and shear band behavior of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with different Poisson's ratio and aspect ratios/contact friction coupling. Our findings demonstrate that lower contact friction and smaller aspect ratios can promote shear band distribution and improve global plasticity. We propose three stages of plastic flow in BMGs and show that the variation of plastic flow is mainly affected by aspect ratio and Poisson's ratio. We also propose a three-dimensional map of plastic flow in Zr-based BMGs reflecting the key multi-variables for shear band behavior.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Mihee Shin, Min Zhang, Annika vom Scheidt, Matthew H. Pelletier, William R. Walsh, Penny J. Martens, Jamie J. Kruzic, Bjorn Busse, Bernd Gludovatz
Summary: Water is important for bone strength and ductility. This study compares the effects of different dehydration environments on bone toughness and reveals that testing bone samples in scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) results in lower crack initiation toughness and enhanced toughness through microcracking and crack path deflections. The type of SEM used does not affect the results. The study also finds that testing in ambient air leads to elevated crack growth resistance compared to testing in a bio-bath.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yu Gamin, Jairo Alberto Munoz Bolanos, A. S. Aleschenko, A. A. Komissarov, N. S. Bunits, D. A. Nikolaev, A. Fomin, V. V. Cheverikin
Summary: The semi-finished products from a Cu-Ni-Cr-Si alloy are produced for electrical purposes through radial-shear rolling (RSR) and heat treatment, resulting in improved mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. The alloy is thermally hardened after heat treatment due to the precipitation of fine inclusions uniformly distributed in the sample volume, leading to enhanced mechanical properties and electrical conductivity.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Linfeng Ding, Yanan Xu, Rui Yang, Yongjian Yang, Ranran Lu, Hao Liu, Hongtu He, Qiuju Zheng, John C. Mauro
Summary: In this study, nano-indentation tests were conducted on silicate glasses using a cube-corner indenter, revealing inelastic deformation mechanisms such as shear flow and densification. A newly developed 3D surface analysis method quantified the amplitude of the impression field, showing pile-up and lift-up phenomena near and far from the indent, respectively. The lift-up mechanism was observed for the first time, providing valuable insights into structural evolution during nano-indentation of silicate glass.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
B. Han, Q. M. Gong, X. L. Du, Y. Gao, W. Q. Shen, S. Lin
Summary: In this study, the mechanical behavior of three typical porous limestones was investigated. The findings revealed that porous limestones exhibit plastic shear and plastic pore collapse as plastic mechanisms, and the porosity has an impact on the plastic behavior. A micromechanics-based plastic model was extended to describe the elastoplastic behavior of porous limestones, and a plastic hardening law for the solid matrix was proposed considering two plastic deformation mechanisms.
ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Haopeng Li, Fei Chen, Mengmeng Han, Aimin Li, Zuzhi Tian, Xiangfan Wu
Summary: This study investigates the properties of magnetorheological fluids at high temperatures and prepares a novel magnetorheological fluid for high temperatures. The results show that the novel fluid exhibits good sedimentation stability, viscosity, and shear yield stress at high temperatures.
Article
Mechanics
Min Xu, Bingbing An
Summary: The plastic deformation of beaded fiber composites is strongly dependent on the plasticity characteristics of the polymer matrix, and a high level of friction between the bead and matrix can promote the coalescence of shear bands in the polymer matrix. These findings provide new insights for the design of beaded fiber composites.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
M. Wrobel, A. Piccolroaz, P. Papanastasiou, G. Mishuris
Summary: This paper examines the redirection of a crack driven by viscous fluid under mixed mode loading, considering the effect of different loading modes on the crack deflection angle. Various criteria for determining the fracture deflection angle are explored and compared.
GEOMECHANICS FOR ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Y. Kalchev, R. Zehl, T. Piotrowiak, A. Kostka, D. Naujoks, J. Pfetzing-Micklich, A. Ludwig
Summary: The microstructure and local micromechanical properties of a Ni-based superalloy thin film produced by magnetron sputtering were investigated. The thin film consisted of columnar nanograins with mostly <111> orientation and fine nanotwins inside the nanograins. The mechanical characteristics were evaluated through micropillar compression tests, with the thin film exhibiting high microhardness and Young's modulus.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhenghao Chen, Bhaskar Paul, Sanjib Majumdar, Norihiko L. Okamoto, Kyosuke Kishida, Haruyuki Inui, Shigeki Otani
Summary: The plastic deformation behavior of single crystals of ZrB2 and TiB2 at room temperature was investigated using micropillar compression tests, which revealed that plastic flow can be observed through specific slip systems with high critical resolve shear stress values.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mohammadreza Sadrkhah, Ghader Faraji, Vahid Esmaeili
Summary: This study investigates the combined effect of cold caliber rolling and surface modification methods on the properties and osseointegration of titanium dental implants. Nanostructured CP-Ti was produced by caliber rolling and then subjected to SLA and SLActive surface modifications. Results showed that the SLActive implants had improved osseointegration due to increased collagen secretion and bone-to-implant contact.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
P. Snopinski, Ondrej Hilser, Jiri Hajnys
Summary: This study investigates the typical structural defects caused by severe plastic deformation in an L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy with different microstructural properties using scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Microscopic characterization reveals that the deformed alloy exhibits a heterogeneous microstructure with Al/Si interfaces and a high density of dislocations, stacking faults, and nanotwins. Experimental data shows that high stresses build up at the Al/Si interface, activating novel deformation modes that control the plastic deformation of the hard Si twin phase and amorphization in the solid state. The revealed synergy and novel deformation modes have implications for the development of next-generation structural materials and provide insights into the atomically resolved structures of dislocations and GBs in nanostructured L-PBF alloys.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jemima E. Schadow, David Maxey, Toby O. Smith, Mikko A. J. Finnila, Sarah L. Manske, Neil A. Segal, Andy Kin On Wong, Rachel A. Davey, Tom Turmezei, Kathryn S. Stok
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the published parameters for assessing subchondral bone in human osteoarthritis using computed tomography. The study identified clinically meaningful parameter categories and emphasized the importance of quantification and standardized measurement methods for improving the evaluation of disease progression.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lindsay L. Loundagin, Kim D. Harrison, Xuan Wei, David M. L. Cooper
Summary: This study developed new techniques to define zones of BMU activity based on the 3D morphology of remodeling spaces in rabbit cortical bone and integrated morphological data with the BMU longitudinal erosion rate (LER) to elucidate the spatial-temporal coordination of BMUs and estimate mineral apposition rate (MAR). The results showed that the manual and semi-automated methods accurately defined the zones of remodeling spaces, and these techniques have the potential to assess dynamic parameters of bone resorption and formation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Soroush Masrouri, Farzad Esmaeili, Maryam Tohidi, Fereidoun Azizi, Farzad Hadaegh
Summary: This study examined the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and fracture incidence. The results showed that rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) can increase the incidence of fractures among the general population.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Steven J. Meas, Gabriella M. Daire, Michael A. Friedman, Rachel Denapoli, Preetam Ghosh, Joshua N. Farr, Henry J. Donahue
Summary: Age- and disuse-related bone loss both lead to decreases in bone mineral density, cortical thickness, and trabecular thickness and connectivity. It is important to experimentally compare these two mechanisms at a structural and transcriptomic level to better understand their similarities and differences. This study compares the effects of hindlimb unloading and aging on bone microarchitecture and gene expression in mice, finding that while both induce similar changes, aging has a greater impact on the transcriptome and tissue level.
Correction
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Masaru Matsuoka, Sho Tsukamoto, Yuta Orihara, Rieko Kawamura, Mai Kuratani, Nobuhiko Haga, Kenji Ikebuchi, Takenobu Katagiri
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rachel Kohler, Amy Creecy, David R. Williams, Matthew R. Allen, Joseph M. Wallace
Summary: Osteogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary bone disease that weakens bones and increase fracture risk. Current interventions mainly focus on increasing bone mass, but the compromised tissue-level material properties are not addressed. A study found that a RAL analog could reduce fracture risk, but further development is needed for optimal results in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
So Jeong Park, Eunhye Ji, Hyun Ju Yoo, Kyunggon Kim, Sunghwan Ji, Ji Yeon Baek, Jin Young Lee, Hee-Won Jung, Il-Young Jang, Eunju Lee, Namki Hong, Beom-Jun Kim
Summary: The study analyzed the relationship between serum lumican levels and osteosarcopenia in older adults, showing that older adults with osteosarcopenia had lower serum lumican levels. Lower serum lumican levels were associated with reduced bone mass and grip strength, indicating that lumican levels could be used as a biomarker for assessing the risk of osteosarcopenia, osteoporosis, or sarcopenia in older adults.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michael B. Chavez, Michelle H. Tan, Tamara N. Kolli, Natalie L. Andras, Brian L. Foster
Summary: This study revealed the complex mechanisms by which disabling BSP functional domains led to profound and distinct changes in cementoblast cell functions, including dysregulated gene expression and reduced mineralization.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julien Seiller, Blandine Merle, Romain Fort, Emilie Virot, Solene Poutrel, Giovanna Cannas, Arnaud Hot, Roland Chapurlat
Summary: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of bone fragility in sickle cell patients and to evaluate the potential risk factors and associated complications.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chirantap Oza, Anuradha Khadilkar, Pranay Goel, Madhura Karguppikar, Nikhil Shah, Nikhil Lohiya, Shruti Mondkar, Prashant Patil, Hemchand Prasad, Ankita Maheshwari, Dipali Ladkat, Neha Kajale, Chidvilas More, Devarati Khurjekar, Vaman Khadilkar
Summary: This study revealed that BoneXpert (BX) can be used for accurate assessment of bone age and screening of bone health in Indian children and youth with type-1 diabetes (T1D). 51.5% of T1D subjects showed significantly decreased metacarpal index (MCI). Height, Tanner stage, and vitamin D concentrations were positively correlated with MCI, while HbA1c and disease duration were negatively correlated with MCI.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mariam R. Farman, Catherine Rehder, Theodora Malli, Cheryl Rockman-Greenberg, Kathryn Dahir, Gabriel Angel Martos-Moreno, Agnes Linglart, Keiichi Ozono, Lothar Seefried, Guillermo del Angel, Gerald Webersinke, Francesca Barbazza, Lisa K. John, Sewmi M. A. Delana Mudiyanselage, Florian Hoegler, Erica Burner Nading, Erin Huggins, Eric T. Rush, Ahmed El-Gazzar, Priya S. Kishnani, Wolfgang Hoegler
Summary: The ALPL gene variant database serves as an archive for interpreting the clinical significance of ALPL gene variants, facilitating the reclassification of VUS and continuous updates. The project establishes an international expert consortium, providing a multidisciplinary collaboration framework to improve genetic counseling and medical decision-making for HPP patients.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giovanni Adami, Davide Gatti, Maurizio Rossini, Alessandro Giollo, Matteo Gatti, Francesco Bertoldo, Eugenia Bertoldo, Amy S. Mudano, Kenneth G. Saag, Ombretta Viapiana, Angelo Fassio
Summary: Certain diseases requiring glucocorticoids are independently associated with an increased risk of fractures. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and neurological diseases are associated with both vertebral and non-vertebral fracture risk, while rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are only associated with non-vertebral fractures.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Frank C. Ko, Rong Xie, Brandon Willis, Zoe G. Herdman, Bryan A. Dulion, Hoomin Lee, Chun-do Oh, Di Chen, D. Rick Sumner
Summary: Intramembranous bone regeneration is important in joint and tooth replacement, but its underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study found that increased periostin gene expression preceded increases in osteogenic genes during bone regeneration. Using a genetic mouse model, the researchers discovered that cells transiently expressing periostin played a critical role in intramedullary intramembranous bone regeneration.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
T. Savikangas, T. H. Suominen, M. Alen, T. Rantalainen, S. Sipila
Summary: Regular exercise, especially high-intensity physical activity, can help slow down age-related bone loss and prevent a decline in femoral neck bone mineral density.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mishaela R. Rubin, Ruban Dhaliwal
Summary: The increased risk of fractures observed in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) cannot be solely explained by modest decreases in areal bone mineral density (BMD). Accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in bone has been suggested as a possible cause for the increased bone fragility in diabetes. Although the evidence linking AGEs and fractures in individuals with T1D is limited, recent data show that AGEs, as measured by skin intrinsic fluorescence, are a risk factor for lower BMD in T1D. Further research is needed to determine if there is a causal relationship between fractures and AGEs in T1D. If confirmed, this could lead to interventions that can reduce AGE accumulation and ultimately reduce fractures in T1D patients.
