Article
Veterinary Sciences
Odilene de Souza Teixeira, Marcela Kuczynski da Rocha, Amir Gil Sessim, Everton Dezordi Sartori, Yago Machado da Rosa, Maria Carolina Muniz de Oliveira, Julia Abud Lima, Maria Eugenia Andrighetto Canozzi, Jaime Urdapilleta Tarouco, Stella de Faria Valle, Concepta McManus, Julio Otavio Jardim Barcellos
Summary: The study found that calves weaned at an early age showed higher levels of cortisol and prolonged concentrations in plasma fibrinogen. Compared to conventionally weaned calves, early weaned animals exhibited neutrophilia and lymphopenia during the 180-187 day period, resulting in a greater neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio. Calf gender also influenced the number of blood leukocytes.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kurt Wagner, Muhammad A. Sami, Corey Norton, Jonathan McCoy, Umer Hassan
Summary: The study evaluated the relationship between blood lactate levels and neutrophil phagocytic activity at a single-cell level, revealing higher phagocytic activity in the high-risk group. Although interesting findings were highlighted, further integration of individual medical records is needed for personalized insights into phagocytic activity.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Tiago S. Valente, Lucas R. B. Ruiz, Fernanda Macitelli, Mateus J. R. Paranhos da Costa
Summary: The use of commercial nose-flap devices in the two-stage weaning method can have negative impacts on the nostrils of beef calves, leading to compromised health and welfare. This risk is often overlooked despite the clear evidence of physical injuries and weight loss in the calves during the use of these devices.
Article
Food Science & Technology
M. M. Santos, T. C. Costa, W. Silva, L. Z. Pistillo, D. T. Valente Junior, L. L. Verardo Jr, P. V. R. Paulino, C. B. Sampaio, M. P. Gionbelli, M. Du, M. S. Duarte
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of pre-weaning nutrient supplementation on adipogenic determination in beef female calves. The results showed that early nutritional supplementation can enhance fat and muscle development and promote the conversion of adipogenic progenitor cells into adipocytes.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Shannon C. Beard, Julie D. Schmied, Douglas C. Hodgins, Bonnie A. Mallard
Summary: Selecting cattle with genetically enhanced immune response can improve the sustainability of the beef industry. The timing of immunophenotyping is crucial to accurately predict an animal's immune response. This study found that immunophenotyping at weaning may not accurately reflect a calf's true immune response capacity, and immunophenotyping should be performed outside the weaning period for more accurate results.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Guilherme Augusto Motta, Paulo Sabino Milhomen Neto, Ricardo Perecin Nociti, Aureo Evangelista Santana
Summary: The baseline values for hematological and serum biochemical parameters in beef calves at weaning age were established. The study aimed to understand the differences related to age, breed group, the influence of the productive system, and geographic region. The results showed that the available reference intervals can be used routinely without interference from the geographic region for healthy animals produced without nutritional failures.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Satoshi Miyairi, Daisuke Ueda, Takafumi Yagisawa, Daigo Okada, Karen S. Keslar, Kazunari Tanabe, Nina Dvorina, Anna Valujskikh, William M. Baldwin, Stanley L. Hazen, Robert L. Fairchild
Summary: Recipient myeloid cells producing MPO play a crucial role in the development of acute ABMR, and their absence leads to the occurrence of chronic ABMR.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Shengchao Zhang, Sibtain Ahmad, Yuxia Zhang, Guohua Hua, Jianming Yi
Summary: The study revealed that feeding calves with enhanced plane of nutrition at pre-weaning stage promotes the development of mammary gland, with long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) playing a key role in the regulated network of this process.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ferenc Szabo, Judit Marton, Eszter Szabo, Marton Szucs, Szabolcs Bene
Summary: Genetic parameters, breeding values, and genetic trends were estimated for weaning weight of Limousin beef cattle calves from 1992 to 2019. Maternal heritability was approximately half of direct heritability, with strong negative direct maternal genetic correlation coefficients observed. The Spearman rank correlation between direct and maternal breeding value was moderate and negative in purebred population, and strong and negative in crossbred population. The genetic trend of weaning weight appeared stagnant during the examined period for both purebred and crossbred Limousin calves.
CZECH JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Yuanyuan Li, Xin Li, Yanyan Wu, Wenju Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from yaks on weaning diarrhea in Chinese Holstein Calves. The results showed that FMT reduced the incidence of diarrhea in weaned calves, and the anti-diarrhea effect of low concentration FMT was stronger than those of high concentration and sterilized FMT. Furthermore, FMT increased the richness and diversity of the fecal microbiota, enhanced the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, and promoted important metabolic and cellular processes in weaned calves.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Gerardo R. Diaz, Tara N. Gaire, Peter Ferm, Lacey Case, Luciano S. Caixeta, Timothy J. Goldsmith, Joe Armstrong, Noelle R. Noyes
Summary: In this study, the impact of castration timing and weaning strategy on the rumen microbiome of beef cattle was investigated. The results showed that castration timing had limited long-term effects on the rumen microbiota, while weaning strategy had short-term effects on the rumen microbiota and methane-associated metagenome, but not on the rumen resistome.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jean A. Hall, Anitha Isaiah, Ened R. L. McNett, Joseph J. Klopfenstein, T. Zane Davis, Jan S. Suchodolski, Gerd Bobe
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of selenium supplementation during pregnancy on cows and calves. The results showed that selenium supplementation of pregnant cows can increase whole-blood selenium concentrations in newborn calves, but only supplementation during the third trimester has a significant effect. However, this increase in selenium concentrations does not benefit the nasal microbiome. Therefore, calves should be fed selenium-enriched forages again after weaning.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aiping Le, Wei Liu, Chenggao Wu, Piaoping Hu, Juan Zou, Yize Wu, Linju Kuang
Summary: This study found that HLA-A2 antibody activates Src phosphorylation, NF-kappa B, and NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to the activation of PMNs and exacerbation of TRALI. This discovery provides a promising target for the treatment of antibody-mediated TRALI.
MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
John R. Jaeger, Garrett W. Preedy, Justin W. Waggoner, Keith R. Harmoney, K. C. Olson
Summary: In our experiment, the growth and health of steers during the weaning period and receiving period were improved when the steers were weaned in a drylot environment and fed a concentrate-based diet compared with non-supplemented steers weaned in a pasture environment.
TRANSLATIONAL ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
C. A. McNeff, C. A. Robison, B. K. Wilson, F. J. White, R. Cauble, R. Biggs, J. L. Salak-Johnson, P. A. Beck
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of different types of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) vaccines (modified-live and inactivated multivalent respiratory viral vaccines) on animal performance, morbidity, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) neutralizing antibody titer responses, and acute-phase proteins. The results showed that the inactivated vaccine produced better BVDV 1a antibody response, while the modified-live vaccine showed more consistent results. Compared to the inactivated vaccine, the modified-live vaccine had higher dry matter intake and average daily gain. Therefore, using the inactivated vaccine at weaning can provide a more robust BVDV vaccine response.
APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Helen Smith, Sean Doyle, Richard Murphy
Summary: This study examines the effectiveness of using thin layer chromatography (TLC) in combination with bioautography to separate and identify bioactive compounds from filamentous fungi. The results show that this method can successfully isolate active components. Additionally, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) determines the most abundant fatty acids present. Submerged cultivation of specific filamentous fungi proves to be an effective method for producing natural antimicrobial compounds.
Article
Virology
Gaelle Esnault, Bernadette Earley, Paul Cormican, Sinead M. Waters, Ken Lemon, S. Louise Cosby, Paula Lagan, Thomas Barry, Kate Reddington, Matthew S. McCabe
Summary: We evaluated the potential of using the Oxford Nanopore sequencer and associated pathogen identification software for the genomic diagnosis of known and unknown BRD pathogens. Through extensive optimization of library preparation protocols, we successfully identified bovine herpes virus 1 as the main virus in samples from in vitro cell cultures and nasal swabs taken from experimentally challenged calves. We also identified issues with the quality of bacterial and viral genome assemblies in the reference database used by the pathogen identification software.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Soren Saxmose Nielsen, Julio Alvarez, Dominique Joseph Bicout, Paolo Calistri, Elisabetta Canali, Julian Ashley Drewe, Bruno Garin-Bastuji, Jose Luis Gonzales Rojas, Christian Gortazar Schmidt, Virginie Michel, Miguel Angel Miranda Chueca, Barbara Padalino, Paolo Pasquali, Helen Clare Roberts, Hans Spoolder, Karl Stahl, Antonio Velarde, Arvo Viltrop, Christoph Winckler, Bernadette Earley, Sandra Edwards, Luigi Faucitano, Sonia Marti, Genaro C. Miranda de la Lama, Leonardo Nanni Costa, Peter T. Thomsen, Sean Ashe, Lina Mur, Yves Van der Stede, Mette Herskin
Summary: In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is conducting a comprehensive evaluation of animal welfare legislation, with a focus on the transport of small ruminants (sheep and goats). The evaluation identifies 11 welfare consequences highly relevant to the welfare of sheep during transport, including group stress, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, and sensory overstimulation. The evaluation also provides recommendations for preventing hazards and mitigating welfare consequences, as well as defining quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions and spatial allowances.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Soren Saxmose Nielsen, Julio Alvarez, Dominique Joseph Bicout, Paolo Calistri, Elisabetta Canali, Julian Ashley Drewe, Bruno Garin-Bastuji, Jose Luis Gonzales Rojas, Christian Gortazar Schmidt, Virginie Michel, Miguel Angel Miranda Chueca, Barbara Padalino, Paolo Pasquali, Helen Clare Roberts, Hans Spoolder, Karl Stahl, Antonio Velarde, Arvo Viltrop, Christoph Winckler, Bernadette Earley, Sandra Edwards, Luigi Faucitano, Sonia Marti, Genaro C. Miranda de La Lama, Leonardo Nanni Costa, Peter T. Thomsen, Sean Ashe, Lina Mur, Yves Van der Stede, Mette Herskin
Summary: This article introduces the comprehensive evaluation of animal welfare legislation by the European Commission under the Farm to Fork Strategy, with a focus on the protection of pigs during transport. The article lists welfare consequences related to pig transport and the associated hazards, while also providing recommendations for preventing risks and mitigating welfare consequences.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Soren Saxmose Nielsen, Julio Alvarez, Dominique Joseph Bicout, Paolo Calistri, Elisabetta Canali, Julian Ashley Drewe, Bruno Garin-Bastuji, Jose Luis Gonzales Rojas, Christian Gortazar Schmidt, Virginie Michel, Miguel Angel Miranda Chueca, Barbara Padalino, Paolo Pasquali, Helen Clare Roberts, Hans Spoolder, Karl Stahl, Antonio Velarde, Arvo Viltrop, Christoph Winckler, Bernadette Earley, Sandra Edwards, Luigi Faucitano, Sonia Marti, Genaro C. Miranda de la Lama, Leonardo Nanni Costa, Peter T. Thomsen, Sean Ashe, Lina Mur, Yves Van der Stede, Mette Herskin
Summary: This report presents a comprehensive evaluation of the animal welfare legislation, focusing on the protection of cattle during transport. It identifies several welfare consequences that are highly relevant to the welfare of cattle during transport and provides animal-based measures to address them. The report also offers recommendations to prevent hazards and improve welfare outcomes during different stages of cattle transport.
Article
Microbiology
Kerrie Ni Dhufaigh, Matthew McCabe, Paul Cormican, Inmaculada Cuevas-Gomez, Mark McGee, Tara McDaneld, Bernadette Earley
Summary: In this study, the genome sequence of strain UTPV1/AB from the species Ungulate tetraparvovirus 1 (UTPV1) was reported. UTPV1/AB was isolated directly from a nasal swab of a beef-suckler calf diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease on a farm in County Meath, Ireland.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Aimee M. Traynor, Ozlem Sarikaya-Bayram, Ozguer Bayram, Jose Antonio Calera, Sean Doyle
Summary: Gliotoxin (GT) biosynthesis in fungi is regulated by the gli biosynthetic gene cluster. It has been found that the addition of GT induces its own biosynthesis, while Zn2+ inhibits cluster activity. Through experimentation, it was discovered that the zinc-replete environment unexpectedly promotes the functionality of the GliZ transcription factor. The study also revealed the association of the GliT enzyme with GliZ, potentially preventing GliZ inactivation caused by zinc ejection.
FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marie Le Berre, Terezia Paulovcakova, Carolina De Marco Verissimo, Sean Doyle, John P. Dalton, Claire Masterson, Eduardo Ribes Martinez, Laura Walsh, Conor Gormley, John G. Laffey, Bairbre McNicholas, Andrew J. Simpkin, Michelle Kilcoyne
Summary: Zoonotic spillover of SARS-CoV-2 to humans in December 2019 caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Serological monitoring is crucial for understanding immune responses and guiding therapeutic and vaccine strategies. Researchers developed a high throughput SARS-CoV-2 antigen microarray for assessing IgG, IgA, and IgM responses, which can be used for expanded humoral immunity studies and monoclonal antibody therapeutic studies.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Stephanie O'Donoghue, Bernadette Earley, Dayle Johnston, Matthew S. McCabe, Jae Woo Kim, Jeremy F. Taylor, Catherine Duffy, Ken Lemon, Michael McMenamy, S. Louise Cosby, Derek W. Morris, Sinead M. Waters
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the whole-blood transcriptome of dairy calves experimentally challenged with BoHV-1 and compare the gene expression results with data from a similar challenge study with BRSV. The results showed that BoHV-1 infection caused differential expression of 488 genes, involving several key pathways and gene ontology terms related to virus defense and inflammatory response.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Katie Dunne, Emma Reece, Siobhan McClean, Sean Doyle, Thomas R. Rogers, Philip Murphy, Julie Renwick
Summary: Aspergillus fumigatus, the most commonly isolated fungus in chronic lung diseases, can disrupt tight junction integrity of human bronchial epithelial cells and cause airway damage.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Gabriela A. Marquette, Stephanie Ronan, Bernadette Earley
Summary: Disbudding, the removal of horn buds, is necessary to prevent bullying, injury and ensure human safety. Mitigating pain during the process is important to limit the impact on behavioral and physiological states. The most common recommendation is to disbud calves before they are 2 months old as the horn buds are easier to remove during this time.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Gabriela A. Marquette, Stephanie Ronan, Bernadette Earley
Summary: This article reviews the impact of castration on cattle welfare, specifically looking at pain and injury, stress, inflammation, immune responses, and production. The review describes different castration methods, the associated pain responses, and how age and pain relief strategies affect these responses. The article also presents research studies that have examined the challenges and biological consequences of castration procedures on cattle welfare.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Kelly Buckham-Sporer, Bernadette Earley, Sonia Marti
Summary: The welfare of farm animals during transportation is a key societal concern. Efforts to decrease stress and improve welfare in cattle transportation are important and timely. Scientific studies have focused on determining optimal conditions for stocking density, duration of transportation, rest stops, and identifying the most stressful components of transportation.
Article
Parasitology
Jesus Lopez Corrales, Amanda Mcevoy, Richard Lalor, Krystyna Cwiklinski, Sean Doyle, Michael Parkinson, Orla M. Keane, John Pius Dalton, Amber Louise Dorey
Summary: Fasciola hepatica is a parasitic helminth that poses a significant economic threat to the livestock industry worldwide. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential for the control and management of fasciolosis. Traditional fecal egg counts can only detect patent infections from 10 to 12 weeks post infection, while serological assays using FhCL1 can detect infections from 3 to 4 weeks post infection.
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shane G. Downes, Rebecca A. Owens, Kieran Walshe, David A. Fitzpatrick, Amber Dorey, Gary W. Jones, Sean Doyle
Summary: Overcoming antimicrobial resistance is a challenging task. Investigating the inhibitory effect of fungal metabolites on bacterial growth may provide new strategies. In this study, it was found that the fungal peptide gliotoxin (GT) can inhibit the growth of both Gram positive and negative bacteria, and this inhibition can be reversed by the addition of zinc or copper. This suggests that GT-mediated growth inhibition may involve intracellular zinc depletion or reduced bioavailability.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)