Review
Pediatrics
Miriana Guarino, Lorena Matonti, Francesco Chiarelli, Annalisa Blasetti
Summary: This systematic review examines the cost-effectiveness of primary prevention programs on childhood obesity. Ten studies were included and the majority of them showed positive economic outcomes. There is a need to increase consistency and homogeneity among different studies.
ITALIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Erna J. Z. Krusemann, Anne Havermans, Jeroen L. A. Pennings, Kees de Graaf, Sanne Boesveldt, Reinskje Talhout
Summary: By analyzing data on e-liquids from manufacturers, this study identified commonly used flavoring ingredients and successfully predicted the flavor categories of e-liquids, serving as an example for regulatory approaches.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
John M. Boltri, Howard Tracer, David Strogatz, Shannon Idzik, Pat Schumacher, Naomi Fukagawa, Ellen Leake, Clydette Powell, Donald Shell, Samuel Wu, William H. Herman
Summary: Individuals with prediabetes are at an increased risk for type 2 diabetes, but many are unaware of their condition. Rigorous research has shown that intensive lifestyle interventions and the drug metformin can delay or prevent the progression to type 2 diabetes. The National Clinical Care Commission (NCCC) has provided recommendations to improve federal programs related to diabetes prevention, including increasing awareness and diagnosis of prediabetes, expanding access to diabetes prevention programs, seeking FDA approval for metformin as a preventive measure, and supporting research to enhance diabetes prevention efforts.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Md. Mominur Rahman, Mst. Afroza Alam Tumpa, Mehrukh Zehravi, Md. Taslim Sarker, Md. Yamin, Md. Rezaul Islam, Md. Harun-Or-Rashid, Muniruddin Ahmed, Sarker Ramproshad, Banani Mondal, Abhijit Dey, Fouad Damiri, Mohammed Berrada, Md. Habibur Rahman, Simona Cavalu
Summary: Antimicrobial resistance is a major global concern that leads to the failure of clinical antimicrobial therapy and untreatable infections. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials has contributed to the development of resistance, rendering life-saving drugs ineffective. The causes of antimicrobial resistance are complex, including inadequate healthcare services, suboptimal use of antimicrobials, and environmental pollution.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Edgar Denova-Gutierrez, Lucia Mendez-Sanchez, Berenice Araiza-Nava, Alejandra Gonzalez-Rocha, Teresa Shamah, Anabelle Bonvechio, Simon Barquera, Juan Rivera
Summary: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of school-based, family, and multi-component health interventions on childhood overweight and obesity through overview of systematic reviews (OSRs). A comprehensive search will be conducted in 12 electronic databases to identify relevant systematic reviews, and the risk of bias will be assessed using the ROBIS tool. The main results obtained through OSRs will be published in a scientific journal.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Meghan Slining, Sally Wills, Melissa Fair, Jen Stephenson, Stephanie Knobel, Misty Pearson, Tia Prostko, Joanna Smyers, Joanne Timberlake, Miguel Negrete
Summary: This study evaluated a two-year community-based participatory research project aimed at improving healthy eating and physical activity in early childhood education centers. The intervention included setting goals, providing technical assistance, and celebrating success. Results showed significant improvements in nutrition and physical activity policies, with greater improvements in physical activity.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Isabelle Fest, Maranke Wieringa, Ben Wagner
Summary: In recent years, there has been a significant growth in ethical and legal frameworks for data science practices. However, the implementation of these frameworks in practice remains a core question. Public officials, who are typically held to higher standards, present an interesting case in this context. This paper aims to investigate how ethical and legal frameworks influence the everyday practices of data professionals in the public sector. By studying two cases - municipal data professionals in the Netherlands and the Netherlands Police - using an analytical research framework, the study reveals a substantial gap between legal and ethical governance rules and everyday practices.
Article
Criminology & Penology
Kelly M. Socia, Rebecca Stone, Wilson R. Palacios, John Cluverius
Summary: Research findings indicate that support for facilities providing a safe space for individuals to consume illicit drugs under medical supervision in the US is influenced by the label used, information provided, and national vs. local perspectives on the opioid epidemic. The public is more supportive of these facilities at the national level than at the local level, possibly due to Not In My Backyard concerns. Policy implications include using labels highlighting overdose prevention and discussing local facilities in the context of both national and local opioid epidemics to address NIMBY concerns.
CRIMINOLOGY & PUBLIC POLICY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Gregory Tyrrell, Cerina Lee, Dean Eurich
Summary: Homeless populations are at increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease compared to the general population, due to clinical conditions and specific pneumococcal serotypes. Pneumococcal vaccine programs for the homeless could help decrease the incidence of IPD and improve overall health.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2021)
Article
Ethics
India Jane Wise, Pascal Borry
Summary: This article discusses the moral status of using genetically modified mosquitoes to combat malaria, the potential environmental impacts, and the importance of transparency and collaboration in releasing the modified mosquitoes.
JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Alezandra Torres-Castano, Janet Delgado-Rodriguez, Tasmania del Pino-Sedeno, Daniel Estana Malaret, Ana Maria de Pascual, Ana Toledo-Chavarri, Pedro Serrano-Aguilar
Summary: Appropriate consideration of ethical, legal, organizational, and social issues is essential for the approval, funding, and implementation of universal preventive programs for eating disorders (UPPED). This scoping review examines the ethical, legal, organizational, and social aspects of interventions aimed at universal prevention of eating disorders in school settings. The results highlight the importance of interactive programs with relevant contents, the focus on developing competencies to reduce potential harm, incorporating a gender perspective to improve equity, and utilizing teachers with prior training in eating disorders as facilitators.
EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Development Studies
Claudia Aiken, Ingrid Gould Ellen, Isabel Harner, Tyler Haupert, Vincent Reina, Rebecca Yae
Summary: Homelessness prevention efforts face the challenge of stabilizing housing situations before negative outcomes cascade. Research shows that although program administrators consider prevention important, rental assistance programs tend to target tenants upstream of immediate risk.
HOUSING POLICY DEBATE
(2022)
Article
Social Work
Doug Magnuson, Will Dobud, Nevin J. Harper
Summary: This paper directly responds to a recent article, pointing out errors in the claims made by the authors. The international laws cited actually have strict rules against involuntary transport, professional codes of ethics prohibit the use of force except in exceptional cases, and there is a significant body of literature on the negative effects of involuntary transport that seems to have been ignored. The authors argue that involuntary transport is almost always inappropriate for wilderness therapy and is indicative of the troubled teen industry.
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Meagan C. Brown, Christine Kava, Betty Bekemeier, India J. Ornelas, Jeffrey R. Harris, Kwun C. G. Chan, Meg Robertson, Peggy A. Hannon
Summary: The study shows that LHDs recognize the importance of partnering with employers but lack the capacity to do so effectively; LHDs prioritize based on community need, but funding ultimately drives decision making; rural, micropolitan, and urban LHDs differ in their readiness and capacity to work with employers.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Urban Studies
Andrew Fenelon
Summary: Housing policy in the United States has led to racial and ethnic inequalities in access to stable housing. Black adults receiving rental assistance face significantly higher levels of neighborhood disadvantage compared to White adults, despite similar incomes. Poverty is a stronger predictor for White adults receiving rental assistance, indicating that these programs are a last resort for them.
JOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS
(2022)