Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tulsi Ram Bhandari, Bhushan Khatiwada, Bibika Rajbhandari, Amy Bestman, Sabuj Kanti Mistry, Binod Rayamajhee, Lal B. Rawal, Uday Narayan Yadav
Summary: This exploratory study aimed to understand the drivers of psychoactive substance use among Nepalese youth in Rupandehi district. The study identified various factors such as socio-cultural, individual, academic, and physical environment, as well as media influence. Accessibility and availability of these substances, lack of monitoring and enforcement of rules and regulations, and peer pressure were highlighted as key drivers.
Article
Psychology, Applied
Teal Evans, Rwth Stuckey, Wendy Macdonald
Summary: Young novice drivers have a higher crash risk in the years following initial licensing, with the risk increasing even more at night. Poor hazard perception is a problem for inexperienced drivers. This study compared the hazards reported by young inexperienced drivers with those reported by more experienced and slightly older drivers. The results showed that experienced drivers reported visibility-related hazards more frequently, especially at night.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART F-TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joseph D. Deak, Hang Zhou, Marco Galimberti, Daniel F. Levey, Frank R. Wendt, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Alexander S. Hatoum, Emma C. Johnson, Yaira Z. Nunez, Ditte Demontis, Anders D. Borglum, Veera M. Rajagopal, Mariela Jennings, Rachel L. Kember, Amy C. Justice, Howard J. Edenberg, Arpana Agrawal, Renato Polimanti, Henry R. Kranzler, Joel Gelernter
Summary: Despite the significant impact of opioid use disorder (OUD), previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of OUD have identified a limited number of susceptibility loci. In this large-scale GWAS study, researchers optimized genetic informativeness by performing multi-trait analysis of GWAS (MTAG) with genetically correlated substance use disorders (SUDs) in individuals of European and African ancestry. The study identified several genetic associations with OUD, including variants in the OPRM1 gene and a variant in the FURIN gene, as well as 18 genome-wide significant loci associated with OUD-MTAG.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Ergonomics
Ankit Kumar Yadav, Nagendra R. Velaga
Summary: The study found that Blood Alcohol Concentration levels of 0.03%, 0.05% and 0.08% significantly reduced the brake transition times of drivers in rural and urban driving environments compared to 0% BAC. Additionally, brake transition time was mainly influenced by BAC levels and driving environment.
ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Ibrahim Abuishmais, Fadi R. Shahroury, Hani Ahmad
Summary: This paper introduces a high-efficiency and dimmable current sink topology and a design methodology for low node processes. The proposed topology utilizes a smaller and faster NMOS pass device instead of the conventional PMOS-based LDO arrangement, focusing on current regulation rather than voltage regulation. It combines an amplifier-boosted pass-transistor current sink topology with a 5-bit programmable degenerated source resistor for high-efficiency and brightness control. The realized WLED driver validates the proposed topology and design methodology using 40 nm CMOS TSMC technology. The design takes advantage of a programmable resistor for enhanced power efficiency and enables dimmability via current segmentation.
Article
Psychology, Applied
Yingying Yan, Shiquan Zhong, Junfang Tian, Liang Song
Summary: This study aimed to explore the interaction effect of cell phone use and time of day on young drivers' car-following performance. The results showed that using cell phones at night significantly increased the variation of lane position, led to faster driving speed and smaller headway. Texting increased lateral variation, while talking tasks reduced lateral variation compared to no distraction. In addition, novice drivers drove faster during talking tasks compared to experienced drivers.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART F-TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nete Lundager Klokker Rausgaard, Pernille Ravn, Inge Olga Ibsen, Palle Bach Nielsen Fruekilde, Ellen Aagaard Nohr, Per Damkier
Summary: This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of urine EtG in settings of low-to-moderate alcohol intake and validate a new urine EtG dipstick. Results showed that EtG in urine was detectable up to 24 hours and even up to 72 hours in some individual cases at low concentrations. The dipstick had good specificity at thresholds of 1000 and 1500 ng/mL, but the sensitivity was insufficient for a screening purpose in this setting.
BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mark Pawson, Brian C. Kelly
Summary: Peer relations play a crucial role in shaping consumption practices, including alcohol use and prescription drug misuse. This paper explores the contradictory aspects of contemporary peer bonding processes and the role of psychostimulant medications. The findings demonstrate how medical resources are incorporated into peer bonding rituals to enhance consumptive capacity and social capital, but also highlight the problematic health ramifications of such practices and the unintended effects of psychostimulant medications in exacerbating those issues.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Daniel Vankov, Johan Chiers, Borislav Vankov
Summary: This study focused on the determinants of driving under the influence (DUI) among young Bulgarian drivers aged 18-25, using online surveys to gather data. The findings suggest that intentions and past behavior related to DUI are significantly influenced by descriptive norms.
Article
Substance Abuse
M. Bassani, P. Passalacqua, L. Catani, G. Bruno, A. Spoto
Summary: This experiment aimed to evaluate the performance of young drivers in a driving simulation after consuming natural and conventional wines. The study found that young drivers treated with conventional wine displayed more aggressive behaviors, while participants treated with natural wine showed no significant difference in reaction times compared to control groups. The gaze attention levels of wine treated drivers were found to be dose dependent, with drivers with lower blood alcohol concentration able to focus on a wider area ahead and collect more information from the road environment.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Christopher P. Salas-Wright, Audrey Hang Hai, Michael G. Vaughn, James C. Hodges, Trenette Clark Goings
Summary: Driving under the influence of alcohol and cannabis is a prevalent issue among young drivers in the United States, with over one million young drivers placing themselves and others at risk each year. It is crucial to strengthen prevention efforts and research on this problem.
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
K. Wiese Simonsen, J. B. Hasselstrom, S. K. Hermansen, B. S. Rasmussen, M. F. Andreasen, D. J. Christoffersen, K. Linnet
Summary: This study investigated the presence of psychoactive drugs and alcohol in the blood of apprehended drivers under the influence of drugs and alcohol in Denmark from 2015 to 2019. The results show that the number of drug traffic cases has increased over the years, while the number of alcohol traffic cases remained stable. Ethanol and THC were the most common substances detected, followed by CNS stimulants and benzodiazepines/z-hypnotics. The study highlights the importance of addressing the drug abuse problem among DUID drivers to prevent traffic accidents.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Agata A. Konczal, Jakob Derks, Johannes H. C. de Koning, Georg Winkel
Summary: Integrative forest management approaches, which aim to combine multiple forest ecosystem services in the same area, are popular concepts in Europe. This study focuses on the integration of nature conservation measures into forest management, examining its understanding, application, and the factors influencing integration. The study concludes with suggestions for enhancing the uptake of this integration in Europe.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Mette Moller, Kathrine Jensen Solgaard, Isabella Hegelund Nielsen, Divera A. M. Twisk
Summary: This study investigates the experiences of young drivers and accompanying persons with accompanied driving, and the impact on engagement and compliance. The results suggest that leaving the decision of the amount and type of accompanied driving to the participants may not achieve the intended safety benefit due to unhelpful motivations, limited knowledge, mismatched expectations, limited driving experience, and lack of support and compliance. A guided approach that addresses barriers at different social levels is needed to optimize the safety effect of accompanied driving as a voluntary option.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Angelo Fraschetti, Pierluigi Cordellieri, Giulia Lausi, Emanuela Mari, Elena Paoli, Jessica Burrai, Alessandro Quaglieri, Michela Baldi, Alessandra Pizzo, Anna Maria Giannini
Summary: The study found gender differences among young drivers in multitasking behavior, risk perception, and self-efficacy perception. Males were more likely to engage in multitasking caused by mobile phone use while driving, while females were more focused on risk perception. The variables were well explained by SEM modeling analysis.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Andrei Cristian Ionescu, Eugenio Brambilla, Lamberto Manzoli, Giovanna Orsini, Valentina Gentili, Roberta Rizzo
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Federica Castellani, Federico Marini, Giulia Simonetti, Carmela Protano, Leila Fabiani, Lamberto Manzoli, Matteo Vitali
Summary: Concentrations of 7 PCDDs, 10 PCDFs and 18 PCBs were measured in 16 milk samples from sheep and goats in Bussi sul Tirino, central Italy. The samples complied with the maximum levels set in EU regulations for PCDD/Fs and the sum of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs. However, in two cases, contamination levels of the sum of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs exceeded the action levels recommended by the EU. The contamination profiles of the milk samples were independent of the distance from the illegal landfill but likely influenced by local emission sources.
FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Maria Elena Flacco, Cecilia Acuti Martellucci, Graziella Soldato, Giuseppe Di Martino, Roberto Carota, Marco De Benedictis, Graziano Di Marco, Giustino Parruti, Rossano Di Luzio, Antonio Caponetti, Lamberto Manzoli
Summary: This cohort study examined the incidence of potentially vaccine-related serious adverse events (PVR-SAEs) in the entire population of an Italian Province based on COVID-19 vaccination status. The findings showed that vaccinated individuals did not have an increased risk of death or PVR-SAEs compared to the unvaccinated. These results were consistent across different demographics, vaccine types, and infection statuses. Further research is needed to assess the long-term safety of COVID-19 vaccines.
Review
Psychology, Educational
Mireia Faus, Francisco Alonso, Cristina Esteban, Sergio A. Useche
Summary: Road safety training programs are commonly used to raise awareness of risky attitudes and behaviors. However, there is a lack of evaluation of these programs targeted at young people and adults. This systematic review identifies studies that evaluate the effectiveness of road safety training programs in this population group. The findings suggest that these programs have mild to moderate effects on adults, with a greater impact on risk perception and decision making rather than driving skills. More evaluations are needed to determine the effectiveness of different tools and to improve future driver education programs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Francisco Alonso, Mireia Faus, Sergio A. Useche
Summary: Despite efforts made in recent decades, emerging countries, including the Dominican Republic, still face significant challenges in road safety. This study assessed the beliefs and perceptions of Dominicans regarding road risky-related issues and found that they underestimate the causes, frequency, and consequences of road crashes.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Francisco Alonso, Mireia Faus, Jose V. Riera, Marcos Fernandez-Marin, Sergio A. Useche
Summary: Although driving simulators are considered useful for driver training under risk control settings, the evidence regarding their actual effectiveness is limited. This study analyzed existing literature on driving simulators as a tool for driver training, considering study features, quality, and effectiveness.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Virology
Maria Elena Flacco, Cecilia Acuti Martellucci, Graziella Soldato, Giuseppe Di Martino, Annalisa Rosso, Roberto Carota, Marco De Benedictis, Graziano Di Marco, Rossano Di Luzio, Matteo Ricci, Antonio Caponetti, Davide Gori, Lamberto Manzoli
Summary: This cohort study in Italy found that females, older individuals, and those with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), kidney disease, and cancer were at a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The likelihood of severe or lethal COVID-19 was significantly lower among younger individuals, while comorbidities were independently associated with a higher risk. Vaccination, especially with booster doses, significantly reduced the risk of severe or lethal disease.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Francesco D'Antonio, Nashwa Eltaweel, Smriti C. Prasad, Maria Elena C. Flacco, Lamberto C. Manzoli, Asma C. Khalil
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the role of cervical cerclage in preventing preterm birth and adverse outcomes in twin pregnancies. The findings suggest that cervical cerclage in twin pregnancies with short cervical length or cervical dilatation is associated with a reduced risk of preterm birth and improved neonatal outcomes. However, confirmation of these findings in large and well-designed randomized controlled trials is needed for stronger evidence.
Article
Immunology
Annalisa Rosso, Maria Elena Flacco, Graziella Soldato, Giuseppe Di Martino, Cecilia Acuti Martellucci, Roberto Carota, Marco De Benedictis, Graziano Di Marco, Rossano Di Luzio, Matteo Fiore, Antonio Caponetti, Lamberto Manzoli
Summary: A cohort study was conducted in the province of Pescara, Italy, to assess the real-world effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The study found that individuals who received at least one booster dose had an 85% lower risk of severe or lethal COVID-19. Moreover, during the Omicron predominance period, only the group who received at least a booster dose showed a reduced risk of COVID-19-related death.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mireia Faus, Cesareo Fernandez, Francisco Alonso, Sergio A. Useche
Summary: Advertisements and broadcast campaigns in the media have been effective preventive measures against traffic crashes for the past 60 years. This study examines the evolution of road safety-related advertisements in Spain over a span of 62 years and evaluates their role in reducing road fatalities. The results identify five key time periods with distinct communication strategies and specific types of advertisements and techniques used to engage the audience.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Francisco Alonso, Mireia Faus, Cristina Esteban, Sergio A. Useche
Summary: This study reveals that individual and social concerns about pollution influence the willingness of individuals to act against air pollution, particularly among women and those living in urban areas. Additionally, both individual and social perceptions of environmental concerns act as mediators between individual factors and the willingness to reduce pollution through behavior changes.
JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Transportation
Francisco Alonso, Mireia Faus, Sergio A. Useche
Summary: Recent studies have shown that stress is an underestimated threat for safe driving, but there is still a lack of evidence on the relationship between stressful life events and driver performance. Spanish drivers have a high awareness of the negative role of stress in driving safety, but tend to ignore the issue. Interventions are needed to help drivers identify, manage, and cope with stress in order to improve driving safety.
JOURNAL OF ROAD SAFETY-JRS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Cecilia Acuti Martellucci, Maria Elena Flacco, Mose Martellucci, Francesco Saverio Violante, Lamberto Manzoli
Summary: This study evaluated the inhaled air carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration while wearing masks and found that both surgical masks and FFP2 respirators resulted in higher CO2 concentrations. After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and smoking, it was found that increasing respiratory rate significantly increased the inhaled air CO2 concentration.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS
(2022)
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Francisco Alonso, Cristina Esteban, Mireia Faus, Sergio A. Useche
Summary: Interactions between pedestrians and drivers are vital for traffic safety, and psycho-social factors play a significant role in predicting behaviors of road users. The study found that pedestrians have a negative perception of drivers' road behaviors, while drivers believe their own behaviors are more appropriate. The findings also suggest that younger drivers are more likely to engage in unsafe behaviors.
Article
Oncology
Walter Assmann, Ricarda Becker, Christian Stief, Ronald Sroka
Summary: This study presents the development and application test of a novel radioactive catheter for potential use in low-dose-rate brachytherapy to prevent urethral stenosis. The results from tests on male rabbits suggest that the use of this radioactive catheter can effectively prevent urethral stenosis in a short period of time.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY BRACHYTHERAPY
(2022)