Article
Psychiatry
Joseph Biederman, Maura DiSalvo, Allison Green, K. Yvonne Woodworth, Talia Gilfix, Cecilia Law, John Gabrieli, Stephen Faraone
Summary: The study found that 24% of untreated adults with ADHD needed to switch from their initially prescribed stimulant family within 60 days of starting treatment due to poor tolerability. Differences in baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were observed between those who needed to switch and those who did not.
ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon, Laura de Anta, Maria Llavero-Valero, Guillermo Lahera, Miguel A. Ortega, Cesar Soutullo, Javier Quintero, Angel Asunsolo del Barco, Melchor Alvarez-Mon
Summary: The study analyzed tweets containing hashtags related to ADHD pharmacotherapy between 20 September and 31 October 2019, finding that stimulant-related tweets were the most common, tweets focusing on treatment efficacy had the highest frequency, and tweets related to alpha-2 agonists received a high proportion of positive consideration.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Feilong Zhu, Boya Liu, Dongqing Kuang, Xiaotong Zhu, Xiaoyu Bi, Yiqi Song, Tianshen Quan, Yiming Yang, Yuanchun Ren
Summary: This study found that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity may be beneficial for improving sleep in adult ADHD patients using stimulant medications. Adhering to the recommended guidelines of 150 minutes of physical activity per week is particularly important in reducing the risk of sleep problems, especially for men.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Tomer Ziv-Baran, Galia Zacay, Dalit Modan-Moses, Stephen M. Reingold, Ehud Mekori, Yael Levy-Shraga
Summary: This study analyzed the risk of fractures in children with ADHD compared to a matched group without ADHD and evaluated the impact of pharmacological treatment. The results showed that children with ADHD had a higher incidence of fractures and pharmacological treatment may decrease this risk.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Ingvild Lyhmann, Tarjei Widding-Havneraas, Henrik Daae Zachrisson, Ingvar Bjelland, Ashmita Chaulagain, Arnstein Mykletun, Anne Halmoy
Summary: The prevalence and medication rates of ADHD vary geographically, and clinician attitudes play a potential role in explaining this variation. This study aimed to describe the variation in attitudes toward the diagnosis and medication of ADHD among clinicians working in child and adolescent mental health services. The results showed that the attitudes varied from restrictive to liberal, with an overall leaning toward the restrictive end of the spectrum. Professional background and workplace explained only a small part of the variance in these attitudes.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Benjamin Lebwohl, Linnea Haggard, Louise Emilsson, Jonas Soderling, Bjorn Roelstraete, Agnieszka Butwicka, Peter H. R. Green, Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Summary: A population-based study in Sweden found that childhood celiac disease is associated with subsequent psychiatric disorders, with increased risks persisting into adulthood. The study showed that children with celiac disease have a higher risk of various psychiatric disorders.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Rafael Massuti, Carlos Renato Moreira-Maia, Fausto Campani, Marcio Sonego, Julia Amaro, Glaucia Chiyoko Akutagava-Martins, Luca Tessari, Guilherme Polanczyk, Samuele Cortese, Luis Augusto Rohde
Summary: The meta-analysis found that there is a lack of pharmacological treatment for youths with ADHD in the US, while there is an overuse of medication in individuals without ADHD. This highlights the need for public health policies to improve education on ADHD and discussions on the benefits and limitations of ADHD medications.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Shannon Brumbaugh, Wen Jan Tuan, Alyssa Scott, James R. Latronica, Curtis Bone
Summary: The study found an increase in stimulant prescriptions to white individuals, females, and those with diagnosed anxiety disorders and obesity. The average age of recipients increased, and among older individuals with multiple cardiovascular risk factors also saw an increase in prescriptions. This may suggest a liberalization of prescription stimulant dispensing to individuals with risk factors for adverse outcomes during the study period.
Article
Orthopedics
Muhammad Ali, Nickolas Dreher, Theodore Hannah, Adam Li, Nek Asghar, Zachary Spiera, Naoum Fares Marayati, John Durbin, Alex Gometz, Mark Lovell, Tanvir Choudhri
Summary: The study found that youth athletes with ADHD who were treated with stimulants had a lower risk of concussion and less severe neurocognitive dysfunction after concussion. The use of stimulants in ADHD patients may help reduce the incidence of concussion and improve the quality of recovery.
ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andres Pazos-Perez, Maria Pineiro-Ramil, Eloi Franco-Trepat, Maria Guillan-Fresco, Veronica Lopez-Lopez, Alberto Jorge-Mora, Ana Alonso-Perez, Rodolfo Gomez
Summary: The study found that methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) may have an impact on the growth plate, leading to premature closure and growth retardation in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder treated with MPH.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Iliyan Ivanov, James M. Bjork, James Blair, Jeffrey H. Newcorn
Summary: Evidence suggests that while most youth with ADHD benefit from stimulant treatments, there may be a subgroup of individuals whose neurobiological profiles increase their vulnerability to the effects of stimulants on the brain reward system. Focused human research is needed to understand the unknown effects of long-term stimulant exposure on the neurophysiology of the brain reward system in young patients with ADHD.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Joseph Ben-Sheetrit, Hanan Tasker, Lee Avnat, Pavel Golubchik, Abraham Weizman, Iris Manor
Summary: The study evaluated attentional impairment in different age groups with ADHD and found that adults had more severe impairment compared to children and adolescents. Past diagnosis and treatment methods were associated with less ADHD-related attentional impairment.
JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arzoo Pannu, Prabodh Chander Sharma, Vijay Kumar Thakur, Ramesh K. Goyal
Summary: Depression is a common psychological disorder that affects individuals' thoughts, emotions, behavior, and sense of well-being. Current clinical treatments for depression using synthetic drugs have limitations, and exploring herbal medicines containing flavonoids may offer a new avenue for treating potential cases of depression.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Iman Idrees, Alessio Bellato, Samuele Cortese, Madeleine J. Groom
Summary: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the impacts of stimulant and non-stimulant medications on autonomic functioning in individuals with ADHD. We searched multiple databases for relevant studies and included a variety of measures for autonomic activity. The findings suggest that both stimulants and non-stimulants can increase heart rate and blood pressure in individuals with ADHD, and stimulant use is associated with increased arousal as indicated by electrodermal activity and pupil diameter. However, the diverse methodologies employed in the included studies highlight the need for more standardized and rigorous research to fully elucidate the relationship between arousal, medication, and behavior in ADHD.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Liang-Jen Wang, Ying-Hua Huang, Wen-Jiun Chou, Sheng-Yu Lee
Summary: This study found that there were no changes in thyroid or growth hormones associated with different medication treatments for children with ADHD within one year. However, it is important to closely monitor patients' growth and the appropriateness of drug dosage.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Tianze Sun, Carmen C. W. Lim, Jack Chung, Brandon Cheng, Lily Davidson, Calvert Tisdale, Janni Leung, Coral E. Gartner, Jason Connor, Wayne D. Hall, Gary C. K. Chan
Summary: This study examines the portrayal of e-cigarette/vaping-related videos on TikTok. The findings show that a majority of these videos depict e-cigarette use positively and have been viewed many times. It highlights the need for effective age restrictions to reduce adolescents' exposure to positive portrayals of vaping.
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Tessa Robinson, Muhammad Usman Ali, Bethany Easterbrook, Wayne Hall, Didier Jutras-Aswad, Benedikt Fischer
Summary: There is a significant dose-response relationship between the frequency of cannabis use and the risk of psychosis development. Weekly or more frequent cannabis use is associated with a significantly increased risk of psychosis.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Wayne Hall, Janni Leung, Beatriz H. H. Carlini
Summary: The increased use of high-potency cannabis products after cannabis legalization may lead to higher cannabis-related harm. Policymakers should regulate more potent cannabis by adopting strategies similar to those used for alcohol, such as banning the sale of high-potency cannabis, setting a THC content limit, and imposing higher taxes on potent cannabis products. Governments planning to legalize cannabis should include policies on extracts in their legislation and evaluate the impact of these policies on cannabis use and related harms.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fahad Ahmed, Benjamin Tscharke, Jake W. O'Brien, Wayne D. Hall, Peter J. Cabot, P. Marcin Sowa, Saer Samanipour, Kevin V. Thomas
Summary: A wastewater-based epidemiology method was used to estimate analgesic consumption and assess pain burden in Australian communities. The concentration of analgesics in wastewater samples from 60 communities was analyzed, and the amount of drug consumed per day per 1000 inhabitants was estimated. The burden of pain treatment was categorized as mild to moderate or strong to severe pain, and a higher burden was observed in regional and remote areas. The correlation analysis showed that pain affects populations across socioeconomic groups. Australians spent approximately US $3.5 per day on analgesics. The study suggests that wastewater-based epidemiology can be an effective tool to estimate analgesic consumption and assess pain burden in communities.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Substance Abuse
Habte Belete, Tesfa Mekonen, Dorothy C. Espinosa, Fentie Ambaw, Jason Connor, Gary Chan, Leanne Hides, Wayne Hall, Janni Leung
Summary: This systematic review aimed to summarize general population-level cannabis use in sub-Saharan Africa since 2010. The results showed that the lifetime prevalence of cannabis use in sub-Saharan Africa is approximately 12% among adults and just under 8% among adolescents.
Article
Substance Abuse
Colin P. Mendelsohn, Wayne Hall, Ron Borland, Alex Wodak, Robert Beaglehole, Neal L. Benowitz, John Britton, Chris Bullen, Jean-Francois Etter, Ann McNeill, Nancy A. Rigotti
Summary: This paper critically analyzes the statement by Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) on e-cigarettes in May 2022. Our assessment finds that the NHMRC Statement is unbalanced, exaggerating the risks of vaping while dismissing the benefits and failing to compare them to the far greater risks of smoking. It also falsely claims that adolescent vaping leads to subsequent smoking, understates the evidence of e-cigarettes' benefits in helping smokers quit, and misapplies the precautionary principle.
Editorial Material
Substance Abuse
Wayne Hall, Janni Leung, Beatriz H. Carlini
Editorial Material
Substance Abuse
Wayne Hall, Eva Hoch
Article
Substance Abuse
Janni Leung, Vivian Chiu, Nicola Man, Wing See Yuen, Timothy Dobbins, Adrian Dunlop, Natasa Gisev, Wayne Hall, Sarah Larney, Sallie-Anne Pearson, Louisa Degenhardt, Amy Peacock
Summary: In New South Wales, Australia, individuals who had an alcohol-related hospital inpatient or emergency department presentation between 2005 and 2014 had a higher risk of mortality than the general population during the same period.
Article
Substance Abuse
Carmen C. W. Lim, Tianze Sun, Coral Gartner, Jason Connor, Marco Fahmi, Wayne Hall, Sam Hames, Daniel Stjepanovic, Gary Chan, Janni Leung
Summary: This study aimed to identify themes in medicinal cannabis tweets from US jurisdictions with different legal statuses. The study found that most tweets were related to policy, therapeutic value, and sales and industry opportunities. Further attention should be given to unsubstantiated health claims, adverse effects, and crime.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW
(2023)
Editorial Material
Substance Abuse
Wayne Hall
Summary: Bradford Hill's 1965 paper on environment and disease is widely cited in addiction and public health fields as an authoritative source on causal inference from observational studies, but it is often misused and fails to incorporate advancements in causation understanding and research design.
Review
Substance Abuse
Wayne Hall, Daniel Stjepanovic, Danielle Dawson, Janni Leung
Summary: This research provides a summary of the impact of cannabis legalization in Canada. It reveals a significant reduction in cannabis-related arrests and prices, increased access to various cannabis products, and a moderate increase in cannabis use among adults. However, there have been no marked changes in cannabis use among high school students. The legalization has also been associated with an increase in hospital attendances for psychiatric distress, unintentional ingestion of cannabis products by children, and hospitalizations for cannabis use disorders in adults. The evidence on cannabis-impaired driving and presentations to emergency departments with psychoses and cannabis use disorders is conflicting.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhe Wang, Jochen F. Mueller, Jake W. O'Brien, Jack Thompson, Benjamin J. Tscharke, Rory Verhagen, Qiuda Zheng, Jeremy Prichard, Wayne Hall, Keith Humphreys, Kevin Thomas, Phong K. Thai
Summary: This study used wastewater-based epidemiology to estimate the consumption of licit and illicit drugs in an Australian prison. The findings showed that the average consumption of common illicit drugs in the prison was significantly lower than in the community population. The study also suggested potential illicit buprenorphine consumption in the prison, and noted changes in drug use under different security conditions.
Editorial Material
Substance Abuse
Colin Paul Mendelsohn, Wayne Hall
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Benedikt Fischer, Wayne Hall, Thiago M. Fidalgo, Eva Hoch, Bernard Le Foll, Maria-Elena Medina-Mora, Jens Reimer, Philip G. Tibbo, Didier Jutras-Aswad
Summary: This study reviewed the risk factors related to cannabis use and psychosis outcomes, providing recommendations for risk reduction. Genetic risks, mental health/substance use problem histories, early age-of-use-onset, frequency-of-use, product composition, use mode, and other substance co-use all influence psychosis risks. Reducing these risk factors can decrease the occurrence of adverse psychosis outcomes.
JOURNAL OF DUAL DIAGNOSIS
(2023)