Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
John S. P. Tulloch, Sara C. Owczarczak-Garstecka, Kate M. Fleming, Roberto Vivancos, Carri Westgarth
Summary: This study found that the incidence of dog bite admissions in England has increased from 1998 to 2018, driven primarily by a rise in adults. Males had the highest rates of admission in childhood, while females had two peaks in childhood and the 35-64 age group. Direct healthcare costs also increased, peaking in the 2017/2018 financial year.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kamal Captain
Summary: This paper focuses on performance analysis and algorithm development for CWSS in CR, proposing the RC-CWSS algorithm which outperforms other algorithms. The study shows that CWSS performance is greatly affected by reporting channel errors and different parameters impact the proposed algorithm's performance.
PHYSICAL COMMUNICATION
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Amena Alsakran, Tetsuhiro Kudoh
Summary: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders caused by elevated alcohol levels in pregnant mothers lead to symptoms such as microcephaly and cardiac defects. Zebrafish embryos provide an ideal model system to study the effects of alcohol on cell migration and brain development, serving as convenient biomarkers for toxicity research and investigation of molecular pathways in brain development.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Isabel Corrales-Gutierrez, Diego Gomez-Baya, Fatima Leon-Larios, Rocio Medero-Canela, Emilia Marchei, Ramon Mendoza-Berjano, Oscar Garcia-Algar
Summary: This study compares the prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy assessed by questionnaires and hair biomarkers, and finds that the results from both methods are similar and high.
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Peter Tyrer, Roger Mulder, Giles Newton-Howes, Conor Duggan
Summary: Personality and mental disorders are connected, but often overlooked in clinical practice. The concept of Galenic syndromes recognizes this link and is named after Galen, the first physician to identify the connection between personality and disease.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Nancy Murillo-Garcia, Alexandre Diaz-Pons, Luis Manuel Fernandez-Cacho, Margarita Miguel-Corredera, Sara Martinez-Barrio, Victor Ortiz-Garcia de la Foz, Karl Neergaard, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
Summary: Family studies are a suitable approach to analyzing candidate endophenotypes of schizophrenia, including cognitive features. The study found that relatives of patients with first episode of psychosis showed intermediate performance in neurocognitive domains between healthy controls and patients. Executive functions and attention were highlighted as potential cognitive endophenotypes for psychotic disorders, with relatives, especially parents, showing similar performance to FEP patients.
ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Marlene Stuempflen, Ernst Schwartz, Mariana C. Diogo, Sarah Glatter, Birgit Pfeiler, Patric Kienast, Athena Taymourtash, Victor U. Schmidbauer, Lisa Bartha-Doering, Elisabeth Krampl-Bettelheim, Rainer Seidl, Georg Langs, Daniela Prayer, Gregor Kasprian
Summary: Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can alter the normal trajectory of fetal brain development and result in lasting neurodevelopmental changes. This study used super-resolution fetal MRI to investigate the regional effects of PAE on human brain structure. The results showed that even minor PAE can significantly impact the neurodevelopmental trajectory.
Article
Neurosciences
Yin Zheng, Jiechao Huo, Mei Yang, Gaoli Zhang, Shanshan Wan, Xiaoqiao Chen, Bingqiu Zhang, Hui Liu
Summary: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) can lead to neurological symptoms, with neuroglial damage and reduced TBCB expression playing a key role in abnormal astrocyte process formation. The ERK1/2 signaling pathway is identified as a main regulator of TBCB expression.
Review
Neurosciences
Flavio Maria Ceci, Giampiero Ferraguti, Carla Petrella, Antonio Greco, Massimo Ralli, Angela Iannitelli, Valentina Carito, Paola Tirassa, George N. Chaldakov, Marisa Patrizia Messina, Mauro Ceccanti, Marco Fiore
Summary: The nerve growth factor (NGF) is a member of the neurotrophic factor family, involved in the survival, differentiation, proliferation of neurons, as well as the regulation of immune and endocrine systems. Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) caused by heavy drinking have negative effects on brain development and cognitive functions, and can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) when consumed during pregnancy.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rafal Podgorski, Sabina Galiniak, Artur Mazur, Agnieszka Domin
Summary: Prenatal alcohol exposure can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), leading to growth impairment and various developmental, physical, and cognitive disorders in children. This study aimed to investigate the levels of hormones related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in FASD patients. Results showed that fasting proopiomelanocortin (POMC) levels were lower in FASD patients compared to controls. However, cortisol concentrations did not differ. The study suggests that hormonal dysregulation may contribute to the negative effects of FASDs on growth, development, and neurological functions.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marin Pielage, Hanan El Marroun, Hein J. Odendaal, Sten P. Willemsen, Manon H. J. Hillegers, Eric A. P. Steegers, Melek Rousian
Summary: This study investigated the association between periconceptional and prenatal alcohol exposure and fetal growth, and found that alcohol exposure was associated with reduced fetal growth, particularly when exposed during the periconception period or in the second trimester. The results indicate that potential negative consequences of alcohol exposure during pregnancy are detectable before birth.
Article
Substance Abuse
Virginie Demiguel, Stella Laporal, Guillemette Quatremere, Yaya Barry, Irina Guseva Canu, Veronique Goulet, David Germanaud, Nolwenn Regnault
Summary: This study analyzed the diagnosis of FAS in neonates in France, finding a stable rate of pFASD diagnosis at 0.48 cases per 1000 live births during the neonatal period from 2006 to 2013. Regional variations in pFASD rates suggest a need for enhanced prevention and public information campaigns.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Andres Roman-Urrestarazu, Justin C. Yang, Robin van Kessel, Varun Warrier, Guillaume Dumas, Hannah Jongsma, Gabriel Gatica-Bahamonde, Carrie Allison, Fiona E. Matthews, Simon Baron-Cohen, Carol Brayne
Summary: The study investigates the incidence of autism in England and its correlation with geography and sociodemographics. The findings suggest that the incidence of autism varies across sex, age, ethnicity, and geographical location. Speaking a language other than English and economic hardship may increase access barriers to autism diagnostic services.
LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lukas Ehrig, Ann-Christin Wagner, Heike Wolter, Christoph U. U. Correll, Olga Geisel, Stefan Konigorski
Summary: A screening tool for FASD in youth with ADHD symptoms has been developed using machine learning. The tool shows promising performance, with a random forest model achieving a cross-validated AUC of 0.92. The prediction model has been implemented in a web-based app called FASDetect.
NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Francois Mifsud, Diane Messager, Anne-Sophie Jannot, Benoit Vedie, Nadia Aissaoui Balanant, Tigran Poghosyan, Edouard Flamarion, Claire Carette, Lea Lucas-Martini, Sebastien Czernichow, Claire Rives-Lange
Summary: This study describes the clinical presentation of thiamine deficiency, assesses the prescription and results of cerebral imaging, reviews treatments prescribed according to available guidelines or not, and studies the short-term outcome of these patients.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nadia Butler, Zara Quigg, Isabelle Pearson, Zhamin Yelgezekova, Aasa Nihlen, Mark A. Bellis, Yongjie Yon, Jonathon Passmore, Isabel Yordi Aguirre, Heidi Stoeckl
Summary: This study examines the impact of COVID-19 response measures on violence against women and children service utilization in European countries. Findings suggest an overall increase in service utilization during the pandemic, but the change varies across sectors. The variation in service utilization has important implications for policymakers during ongoing and future COVID-19 restrictions.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Katie Hardcastle, Kat Ford, Mark A. Bellis
Summary: Research suggests that there is a significant association between preterm birth and maternal experiences of childhood sexual abuse, neglect, and overall ACEs exposure, especially among mothers with no known chronic health conditions. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the entire maternal experience and its impact on prenatal outcomes.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2022)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Liz Green, Kathryn Ashton, Mark Bellis, Timo Clements, Margaret Douglas
Summary: Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is an international approach used to identify the positive or negative impacts of policies, plans, and proposals on health and well-being. In 2020, HIAs were conducted in Scotland and Wales to assess the potential health and well-being impacts of the 'stay at home' and physical distancing measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study found that the majority of anticipated health impacts in both assessments have indeed occurred, including significant effects on income, employment, and mental health. The use of HIA can assist policymakers in considering the broader health impacts and developing policies that promote health and equity.
HEALTH PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Bethany M. Webster, Alexandra C. S. Carlisle, Alexandra C. Livesey, Lucy R. Deeprose, Penny A. Cook, Raja A. S. Mukherjee
Summary: This service evaluation aimed to compare the neuropsychological profile of individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) with different numbers of sentinel facial features. The study found that there was no significant relationship between the number of sentinel facial features and the severity of neuropsychological presentation in individuals with FASD.
Article
Environmental Studies
Liz Green, Kathryn Ashton, Sumina Azam, Timo Clemens, Mark Bellis
Summary: Brexit, COVID-19, and climate change present challenges of national and global importance, with impacts on the economy, society, health, and the environment. Public Health Wales conducted three Health Impact Assessments (HIA) to understand the impact of these challenges in Wales, and proposed actions to mitigate harm by considering the synergies across the 'Triple Challenge'. The results emphasize that the three components of the Triple Challenge should not be treated as separate issues, as they have cumulative multi-faceted impacts and pose a challenge to nation states.
IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND PROJECT APPRAISAL
(2023)
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Kerry Woolfall
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Natasha Judd, Karen Hughes, Mark A. Bellis, Katie Hardcastle, Rebekah Amos
Summary: This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of global evidence on associations between parental unemployment and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The study found significant positive associations between paternal/any parental unemployment and child sexual abuse, neglect, physical abuse, child maltreatment, and parental mental illness. No associations were found between maternal unemployment and ACEs.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mark A. Bellis, Karen Hughes, Katie Cresswell, Kat Ford
Summary: Objectives Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have strong cumulative associations with ill-health. Few studies examine the harms associated with exposure to a single ACE type. We examined the ACEs most strongly related to different health outcomes for individuals experiencing a single ACE type.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Courtney L. McNamara, Liz Green, Pepita Barlow, Mark A. Bellis
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mark A. Bellis, Karen Hughes, Kat Ford, Helen Lowey
Summary: This study examines the association between ACEs and levels/changes in mental health, physical health, and sleep quality during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings show that ACEs are strongly related to a decline in health and sleep quality during the pandemic, with individuals having more ACEs being at a higher risk. However, having more trusted family members can help reduce the risk of poorer health outcomes.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
John Ashton, Mark A. Bellis
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
H. Janssen, K. Ford, B. Gascoyne, R. Hill, M. Roberts, M. A. Bellis, S. Azam
Summary: The study aims to identify, appraise, and update evidence on the association between indoor temperatures below 18 degrees Celsius and health and well-being outcomes. The findings suggest that exposure to cold indoor temperatures is associated with negative health effects, with older individuals and those with chronic health problems being more vulnerable. However, the evidence is insufficient to draw clear conclusions on outcomes from specific temperature thresholds for different population groups.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Natasha Kennedy, Tint Lwin Win, Amrita Bandyopadhyay, Jonathan Kennedy, Benjamin Rowe, Cynthia McNerney, Julie Evans, Karen Hughes, Mark A. Bellis, Angela Jones, Karen Harrington, Simon Moore, Sinead Brophy
Summary: This study links police and health-care datasets through data linkage to analyze risk factors and identify predictive factors for individuals who are victims of domestic abuse. The results suggest that vulnerable individuals are detectable in multiple datasets before and after police involvement. Applying these findings can reduce police callouts and future emergency department or hospital admissions, leading to improved outcomes for vulnerable individuals.
LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Cora Peterson, Maria V. Aslam, Phyllis H. Niolon, Sarah Bacon, Mark A. Bellis, James A. Mercy, Curtis Florence
Summary: Adverse childhood experiences have a significant impact on the health and risk behaviors of adults, and they also impose a substantial economic burden.
