Review
Oncology
Chenwei Li, Hui Zhao
Summary: Lung cancer is the most lethal malignancy worldwide, and tryptophan and its metabolites play important roles in regulating the progression of lung cancer, including modulating the tumor environment, promoting immune suppression, and drug resistance. Progress has been made in therapeutic drugs targeting tryptophan metabolism and the kynurenine pathway, with ongoing clinical trials.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Betina Biagetti, Rafael Simo
Summary: Impairment of skeletal muscle function is a major contributing factor to the poor quality of life in acromegaly (ACRO) patients, but the underlying mechanisms and treatment options are still limited. Although GH and IGF-1 levels are associated with ACRO myopathies, the exact effects attributed to increased GH or IGF-1 levels remain unclear. Further research on the role of GH and IGF-1 in muscle anabolism is necessary to improve our understanding.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Federica Biello, Francesca Platini, Francesca D'Avanzo, Carlo Cattrini, Alessia Mennitto, Silvia Genestroni, Veronica Martini, Paolo Marzullo, Gianluca Aimaretti, Alessandra Gennari
Summary: Breast cancer and host metabolism are closely related, with insulin playing a role in promoting tumor growth through various pathways, while metformin's anti-cancer mechanisms involve lowering insulin levels and direct impact on cancer cell signaling pathways. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance are all implicated in breast cancer growth and prognosis, potentially linked to a pro-inflammatory state and cytokines originating from fat tissue.
Review
Oncology
Pia Puzar Dominkus, Petra Hudler
Summary: The mutational signatures found in gastric tumors can be used as prognostic biomarkers and provide new information about the drivers of gastric carcinogenesis, which might be useful for the improvement in disease treatment options.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Miao Dai, Taiping Lin, Jirong Yue, Lunzhi Dai
Summary: The dysregulation of amino acids is closely linked to sarcopenia, with concentrations of branched-chain amino acids like leucine and isoleucine significantly reduced in individuals with sarcopenia. Amino acid profiles may serve as useful biomarkers for the characterization of sarcopenia. Future studies are needed to explore the clinical significance of amino acids in diagnosing and treating sarcopenia.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Nuria Garcia-Magro, Jonathan A. Zegarra-Valdivia, Sara Troyas-Martinez, Ignacio Torres-Aleman, Angel Nunez
Summary: Aging is associated with cognitive decline, possibly due to lower IGF-I levels. The study found reduced synaptic plasticity in S1 neurons of old mice, which could be restored by IGF-I. This suggests the potential use of IGF-I as a therapeutic tool to improve healthy aging.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Archana Upadhya, Khushwant S. Yadav, Ambikanandan Misra
Summary: This article discusses the treatment options for NSCLC, emphasizing the importance of molecular and histological profiling in determining treatment regimens, as well as the monitoring of treatment responses and the adjustment of resistance therapies.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DELIVERY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Niklas Bach, Riekje Winzer, Eva Tolosa, Walter Fiedler, Franziska Brauneck
Summary: The search for new targets in cancer immunotherapy continues, and one promising target is CD73. CD73 is responsible for producing immune suppressive adenosine, and its upregulation leads to resistance to cancer treatments. Inhibiting CD73 has shown promise in preclinical studies and is being evaluated in clinical trials. This review explores the rationale behind CD73 inhibition and its role as a prognostic marker.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hiroki Nishikawa, Masahiro Goto, Shinya Fukunishi, Akira Asai, Shuhei Nishiguchi, Kazuhide Higuchi
Summary: Cachexia is a malnutrition associated with chronic diseases, characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass and weight loss. Current standard treatments are lacking due to the complexity of its pathogenesis, which involves multiple etiologies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
S. Chandhini, Bushra Trumboo, Seena Jose, Tincy Varghese, M. Rajesh, V. J. Rejish Kumar
Summary: The insulin-like growth factor signalling system plays a crucial role in the growth and development of fishes and shellfishes, serving as important biomarkers for assessing growth and nutritional status in aquaculture.
FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Qian Lu, Yu Zhang, Xiaojian Chen, Weihong Gu, Xinrong Ji, Zhong Chen
Summary: This study reveals a strong correlation between TME and prognosis in PDAC patients, with higher immune scores associated with better overall survival. Additionally, 90 genes were identified to influence stromal and immune scores, among which CA9, SPOCK2, and CD1D were identified as the most significant prognostic genes.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yaoqi Sun, Zhongping Cheng, Shupeng Liu
Summary: MCM2 plays a vital role in DNA replication and its dysfunction is associated with the occurrence and progression of multiple cancers. The altered expression of MCM2 can serve as a sensitive biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and chemotherapy response. In addition, targeting MCM2 may improve the effect of tumor immunotherapy.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Xiaoguang Liu, Ke Pu, Yuping Wang, Yanfei Chen, Yongning Zhou
Summary: This study identified potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of gastric cancer by integrating analysis of miRNAs from the GEO database. While these miRNAs showed promise as diagnostic biomarkers in gastric cancer tissues, there were variations between tissue and peripheral blood analysis results. Ectopic expression of these miRNAs was associated with clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer, but poor prognosis in patients was more strongly linked to age, metastasis, and histological grade.
ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Ila J. Datar, Sacha C. Hauc, Shruti Desai, Nicole Gianino, Brian Henick, Yuting Liu, Kostas Syrigos, David L. Rimm, Paula Kavathas, Soldano Ferrone, Kurt A. Schalper
Summary: This study analyzed the distribution, immune contexture, and clinical significance of HLA class-I and -II subunits in NSCLC. The results revealed frequent and differential defects in HLA protein subunit expression in NSCLCs, associated with distinct tumor microenvironment composition and patient survival.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
An Zhi Zhang, Xin Yuan, Wei Hua Liang, Hai Jun Zhang, Ya Li, Yu Fang Xie, Jiang Fen Li, Chen Hao Jiang, Fan Ping Li, Xi Hua Shen, Li Juan Pang, Hong Zou, Wen Hu Zhou, Feng Li, Jian Ming Hu
Summary: Immunotherapy has rapidly developed and become an important method for treating gastric cancer. The presence of tumor infiltrating immune cells and immune-related genes in the tumor microenvironment greatly influence tumor progression and prognosis.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)