Article
Infectious Diseases
Rumyana Markovska, Petya Stankova, Temenuga Stoeva, Dobrinka Ivanova, Daniela Pencheva, Radka Kaneva, Lyudmila Boyanova
Summary: This study investigated ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolates in patients and hospital staff in two Bulgarian hospitals, finding a high prevalence of these bacteria with various resistance genes and plasmid types, indicating a significant presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the environment.
Article
Microbiology
Rumyana Markovska, Petya Stankova, Temenuga Stoeva, Marianna Murdjeva, Yulia Marteva-Proevska, Dobrinka Ivanova, Maryia Sredkova, Atanaska Petrova, Kalina Mihova, Lyudmila Boyanova
Summary: The gastrointestinal tract serves as a significant reservoir for high-risk Enterobacteria clones, which contribute to antimicrobial resistance in hospitals. This study conducted in Bulgaria identified various cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacterales isolates in fecal samples of patients, including ESBL, carbapenemase, and plasmidic AmpC producers. High-risk clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were detected, indicating the importance of routine screenings and infection control measures, particularly amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
I. S. Petersen, A. B. Zeuthen, J. M. Christensen, M. D. Bartels, H. H. N. Johansen, S. P. Johansen, J. O. Jarlov, D. Mogensen, J. Pedersen
Summary: This study demonstrates the feasibility and clinical potential of also targeting the rhinopharynx and oropharynx in non-systemic throat MRSA eradication strategies.
JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Thilini Munasinghe, Gihani Vidanapathirana, Shahlina Kuthubdeen, Asela Ekanayake, Sacheera Angulmaduwa, Kunchana De Silva, Susan Subhasinghe, Ruwani Kalupahana, Veranja Liyanapathirana, Margaret Ip
Summary: This study in Sri Lankan university students found a high rate of colonization with ESBL producing E.coli and Klebsiella species.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Nabil Abdullah El Aila, Nahed Ali Al Laham, Basim Mohammed Ayesh, Thierry Naas
Summary: The study revealed a high prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales among hospitalized children and in the community of the Gaza Strip. Additionally, a significant portion of ESBL-producers were already resistant to carbapenems, indicating potential treatment challenges for infections caused by ESBL-producers.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Clair L. Firth, Annemarie Kaesbohrer, Peter Pless, Sandra Koeberl-Jelovcan, Walter Obritzhauser
Summary: The assumed link between high levels of antimicrobial use on farms and the presence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria was not statistically proven in this study of 50 dairy farms in Austria. While 26% of the farms had ESBL-producing E. coli, there was no significant difference between high and low antimicrobial users. Only one farm was confirmed to have MRSA.
Article
Microbiology
Delfina R. Msanga, Vitus Silago, Tulla Massoza, Benson R. Kidenya, Emmanuel Balandya, Mariam M. Mirambo, Bruno Sunguya, Blandina Theophil Mmbaga, Eligius Lyamuya, John Bartlet, Stephen E. Mshana
Summary: This study aimed to determine the resistance profile and factors associated with MDR pathogen colonization among HIV-and HIV+ children below five years of age in Mwanza, Tanzania. The results showed that HIV+ children were more likely to carry drug-resistant isolates compared to HIV- children. Additionally, a history of recent antibiotic use and a recent hospitalization of a relative living in the same household were independently associated with the colonization of drug-resistant bacteria.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wei-Ping He, Fei-Fei Gu, Ji Zhang, Xin-Xin Li, Shu-Zhen Xiao, Qian Zeng, Yu-Xing Ni, Li-Zhong Han
Summary: A research conducted in three nursing homes in Shanghai found high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA colonization, with female sex and invasive devices being independently associated with S. aureus colonization. The most common sequence type and spa type among S. aureus isolates were ST1 and t127, respectively, while SCCmec type I was the dominant clone among all MRSA isolates.
Article
Microbiology
Mireia Lopez-Siles, Zaira Moure, Aly Salimo Muadica, Sergio Sanchez, Raquel Cruces, Alicia avila, Noelia Lara, Pamela Carolina Koster, Alejandro Dashti, Jesus Oteo-Iglesias, David Carmena, Michael J. McConnell
Summary: This study aimed to identify external factors associated with ESBL-E carriage and characterize clonal relationships and mechanisms of resistance in ESBL-E isolates. Among the 887 healthy children surveyed, 24 ESBL-E strains were detected, mainly Escherichia coli. The prevalence of ESBL-E in children was found to be lower than the average colonization rate previously observed in Europe for both children and adults, with CTX-M being the most frequently identified ESBL type.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Fangbing Tian, Yin Li, Yue Wang, Bing Yu, Jianxin Song, Qin Ning, Cui Jian, Ming Ni
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and molecular epidemiology characteristics of CRE fecal carriage among patients with liver disease yet without liver transplantation. The study found that acute-on-chronic liver failure, a history of pulmonary infection within the past three months, and the use of third-generation cephalosporin/beta-lactamase inhibitors within the past three months were independent risk factors for CRE colonization in patients with liver disease. Therefore, regular CRE screening should be conducted for hospitalized patients with liver disease to limit the spread of CRE strains.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND ANTIMICROBIALS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dennis Nurjadi, Vanessa M. Eichel, Patrik Tabatabai, Sabrina Klein, Katharina Last, Nico T. Mutters, Johannes Poschl, Philipp Zanger, Klaus Heeg, Sebastien Boutin
Summary: This monocentric cohort study in a tertiary NICU in Heidelberg, Germany, focused on identifying risk factors for S aureus colonization and infections in hospitalized newborns in a nonoutbreak setting. The findings suggest that nasal colonization is a relevant risk factor for S aureus infection in this setting, and further investigations are needed to validate and assess the generalizability of the results.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Hanzada T. Nour El-Din, Aymen S. Yassin, Yasser M. Ragab, Abdelgawad M. Hashenn
Summary: In this study, it was found that infectious MRSA isolates showed a higher tendency for biofilm formation and borderline minimum inhibitory concentrations. A positive correlation was observed between susceptibility to protein synthesis inhibitors and cell wall inhibitors. Additionally, nasal samples were enriched in rifampicin-resistant isolates, while urine and blood samples were enriched in susceptible ones.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gustavo Chamorro, Anibal Kawabata, Maria da Gloria Carvalho, Fabiana C. Pimenta, Fernanda C. Lessa, Carlos Torres, Maria Jose Lerea, Maria Eugenia Leon
Summary: This study investigated the baseline prevalence, serotype distribution, and antibiotic resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy children aged 2 to 59 months and adults >= 60 years of age in Paraguay, prior to the introduction of PCV10 in the national childhood immunization program. The results showed that pneumococcal colonization prevalence was 34.1% in children and 3.3% in adults. The most frequent vaccine-types detected in children were 6B, 19F, 14, and 23F, with higher prevalence of PCV10 and PCV13 serotypes. Children with colonization were more likely to share a bedroom and have a history of respiratory infection or pneumococcal infection. The findings support the introduction of PCV10 in Paraguay.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Josephine Tumuhamye, Hans Steinsland, Freddie Bwanga, James K. Tumwine, Grace Ndeezi, David Mukunya, Olive Namugga, Agnes Napyo Kasede, Halvor Sommerfelt, Victoria Nankabirwa
Summary: In Uganda, there is a high prevalence of potentially pathogenic and clinically important antimicrobial-resistant bacteria among women in labor, as well as a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Older women are more likely to be colonized with multidrug-resistant bacteria.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND INFECTION CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
A. C. Westgeest, E. F. Schippers, N. M. Delfos, L. J. Ellerbroek, T. Koster, V Hira, L. G. Visser, M. G. J. de Boer, M. M. C. Lambregts
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of recommended decolonization treatments for MRSA carriage, finding that antimicrobial combinations yielded high success rates; prolonged treatment did not affect outcomes; compromised immune status was an independent risk factor for treatment failure at the first attempt.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Po Ying Chia, Sean Wei Xiang Ong, Calvin J. Chiew, Li Wei Ang, Jean-Marc Chavatte, Tze-Minn Mak, Lin Cui, Shirin Kalimuddin, Wan Ni Chia, Chee Wah Tan, Louis Yi Ann Chai, Seow Yen Tan, Shuwei Zheng, Raymond Tzer Pin Lin, Linfa Wang, Yee-Sin Leo, Vernon J. Lee, David Chien Lye, Barnaby Edward Young
Summary: This study found that mRNA vaccines are highly effective at preventing symptomatic and severe COVID-19 associated with B.1.617.2 infection. Vaccination is associated with a faster decline in viral RNA load and a robust serological response.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Siew-Wai Fong, Nicholas Kim-Wah Yeo, Yi-Hao Chan, Yun Shan Goh, Siti Naqiah Amrun, Nicholas Ang, Menaka Priyadharsani Rajapakse, Josephine Lum, Shihui Foo, Cheryl Yi-Pin Lee, Guillaume Carissimo, Rhonda Sin-Ling Chee, Anthony Torres-Ruesta, Matthew Zirui Tay, Zi Wei Chang, Chek Meng Poh, Barnaby Edward Young, Paul A. Tambyah, Shirin Kalimuddin, Yee-Sin Leo, David C. Lye, Bernett Lee, Subhra Biswas, Shanshan Wu Howland, Laurent Renia, Lisa F. P. Ng
Summary: This study reveals that patients infected with the Delta 382 SARS-CoV-2 variant have an enhanced adaptive immune response, characterized by an enrichment of genes related to T cell functionality, a more robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity, and a quicker antibody response.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
I. Russel Lee, Steven Y. C. Tong, Joshua S. Davis, David L. Paterson, Sharifah F. Syed-Omar, Kwong Ran Peck, Doo Ryeon Chung, Graham S. Cooke, Eshele Anak Libau, Siti-Nabilah B. A. Rahman, Mihir P. Gandhi, Luming Shi, Shuwei Zheng, Jenna Chaung, Seow Yen Tan, Shirin Kalimuddin, Sophia Archuleta, David C. Lye
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and economic impact of early stepdown to oral antibiotics in the treatment of Gram-negative bacteraemia. It is an international randomized controlled trial, with the primary outcome being 30-day all-cause mortality.
Letter
Allergy
Hui Ling Ko, Nicole Zhuo, Zi Wei Chang, Anindita Santosa, Shirin Kalimuddin, Xin Rong Lim, Seow Yen Tan, David Chien Lye, Dorothy Toh, Barnaby Edward Young, Laurent Renia, Haur Yueh Lee, Ee Chee Ren
Article
Infectious Diseases
Celine Y. Tan, Calvin J. Chiew, Deanette Pang, Vernon J. Lee, Benjamin Ong, David Chien Lye, Kelvin Bryan Tan
Summary: This study compared the vaccine effectiveness of the primary series and booster against Delta, Omicron BA.1, and BA.2 variants in Singapore. The primary series provided greater protection against Delta infection (45%) compared to Omicron infection (21% for BA.1, 18% for BA.2) within 2 months of vaccination. The booster had similar effectiveness against BA.1 and BA.2 infection (44% and 40% respectively) and provided comparable protection against severe disease as the primary series for Delta (80% for both variants).
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Virology
Angeline Rouers, Nathan Wong, Yun Shan Goh, Anthony Torres-Ruesta, Matthew Zirui Tay, Zi Wei Chang, Siew-Wai Fong, Vanessa Neo, Isaac Kai Jie Kam, Nicholas Kim-Wah Yeo, Yuling Huang, Chiew Yee Loh, Pei Xiang Hor, Joel Xu En Wong, Yong Jie Tan, Paul A. Macary, Xinlei Qian, Wang Bei, Eve Zi Xian Ngoh, Siti Nazihah Mohd Salleh, Cheng- Wang, Xuan Ying Poh, Suma Rao, Po Ying Chia, Sean W. X. Ong, Tau Hong Lee, Ray J. H. Lin, Clarissa Lim, Jefanie Teo, Ee Chee Ren, David Chien Lye, Barnaby E. Young, Lisa F. P. Ng, Laurent Renia
Summary: The waning antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of variants of concern call for booster vaccinations, especially for the elderly population. In this study, the responses to homologous and heterologous mRNA booster vaccines were analyzed. It was found that elderly individuals who received the heterologous vaccine regimen displayed higher levels of neutralizing antibodies and increased immunoglobulin G memory B cells, particularly against the Omicron variant. The T cell responses were also increased in elderly individuals given the heterologous regimen.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Calvin J. Chiew, M. Premikha, Chia Yin Chong, Wycliffe E. Wei, Benjamin Ong, David Chien Lye, Derrick Heng, Vernon J. Lee, Kelvin Bryan Tan
Summary: In Singapore, the effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was studied in adolescents aged 12-17. Two doses of the vaccine were found to be effective in preventing infection from the delta and omicron variants, with effectiveness rates of 66% and 25% respectively. The vaccine also showed high effectiveness in preventing hospitalization due to these variants, with rates of 83% and 75%. Additionally, a third booster dose further increased protection against the omicron variant.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Virology
Ying Jie Chee, Bingwen Eugene Fan, Barnaby Edward Young, Rinkoo Dalan, David C. C. Lye
Summary: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, also known as long COVID, is an emerging public health concern. This review summarizes published trials and ongoing research on managing long COVID, highlighting the need for standardized diagnostic criteria and outcome measures. Current trials focus on individual symptoms and organ dysfunction, and more research is needed to address the unmet needs of patients.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Siew-Wai Fong, Yun Shan Goh, Anthony Torres-Ruesta, Zi Wei Chang, Yi-Hao Chan, Vanessa Kexin Neo, Bernett Lee, Kaibo Duan, Siti Naqiah Amrun, Nicholas Kim-Wah Yeo, Hsiuyi Chen, Matthew Zirui C. Tay, Guillaume Carissimo, Seow Yen Tan, Yee-Sin Leo, David Lye, Laurent Renia, Barnaby Edward Young, Lisa F. P. Ng
Summary: Long-term complications from COVID-19 are concerning, but it is unclear if they are due to prolonged inflammation. Vaccination may reduce these complications. A study on hospitalized patients over 24 months found that post-COVID-19 symptoms persisted for 2 years, but prolonged inflammation resolved after 2 years. Biomarkers associated with persistent inflammation and symptoms were identified, which could help identify high-risk survivors.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Hematology
Samuel Sherng Young Wang, Keefe Chee, Shiun Woei Wong, Guat Bee Tan, Hong Ang, Bernard PuiLam Leung, Chuen Wen Tan, Kollengode Ramanathan, Rinkoo Dalan, Christine Cheung, David Chien Lye, Barnaby Edward Young, Eng Soo Yap, Yew Woon Chia, Bingwen Eugene Fan
SEMINARS IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Daniel A. Sweeney, Bonifride Tuyishimire, Neera Ahuja, John H. Beigel, Tatiana Beresnev, Valeria D. Cantos, Jose G. Castro, Stuart H. Cohen, Kaitlyn Cross, Lori E. Dodd, Nathan Erdmann, Monica Fung, Varduhi Ghazaryan, Sarah L. George, Kevin A. Grimes, Noreen A. Hynes, Kathleen G. Julian, Sheetal Kandiah, Hannah Jang Kim, Corri B. Levine, David A. Lindholm, David C. Lye, Ryan C. Maves, Myoung-don Oh, Catharine Paules, Rekha R. Rapaka, Willam R. Short, Kay M. Tomashek, Cameron R. Wolfe, Andre C. Kalil
Summary: We conducted a secondary analysis of the ACTT-2 randomized controlled trial sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and found that baricitinib reduced the risk of secondary infections by 50% after adjusting for baseline and postrandomization patient characteristics. This discovery provides a novel mechanism for the benefits of baricitinib and supports its safety as an immunomodulator for the treatment of COVID-19.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Wei Da Chew, Jonathan Kuang, Huiyu Lin, Li Wei Ang, Wei Lyn Yang, David C. Lye, Barnaby E. Young
Summary: This retrospective observational study aimed to identify simple clinical predictors for abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in COVID-19 infections. The study found that older age, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension were independent risk factors for abnormal ALT. Additionally, an R-factor>=1 on admission and hypoxia were also associated with abnormal ALT. Patients with abnormal ALT had a more severe course of illness, requiring supplementary oxygen, ICU/HDU admission, and intubation at higher rates. However, there was no difference in the death rate between the two groups.
Letter
Health Care Sciences & Services
Matthew Zirui Tay, Yun Shan Goh, Siew-Wai Fong, Zi Wei Chang, Angeline Rouers, Nathan Wong, Anthony Torres-Ruesta, Yuling Huang, Sooriya Kannan Selvam, Pei Xiang Hor, Chiew Yee Loh, Bei Wang, Siti Nazihah Mohd Salleh, Eve Zi Xian Ngoh, Raphael Tze Chuen Lee, Vanessa Neo, Isaac Kai Jie Kam, Xuan Ying Poh, Suma Rao, Po Ying Chia, Sean W. X. Ong, Tau Hong Lee, Clarissa Lim, Jefanie Teo, Sebastian NCID Study Grp, Cheng-I PRIBIVAC Cohort Study Grp, Sebastian Maurer-Stroh, Cheng- Wang, Yee-Sin Leo, Raymond Tzer Pin Lin, David C. Lye, Barnaby Edward Young, Lisa F. P. Ng, Laurent Renia
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Chee Fu Yung, Deanette Pang, Kai Qian Kam, David C. Lye, Benjamin Ong, Chia Yin Chong, Kelvin B. Tan
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the level of protection provided by the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine against Omicron variant infection in children and the impact of previous variant-specific infection on vaccine effectiveness. The study found that the vaccine provided 74-85.7% protection against BA.4 or BA.5 infection and 47.9-62.8% protection against XBB infection. The sequence of previous infection had an influence on vaccine effectiveness.
LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Andrew Teo, Louisa L. Y. Chan, Christine Cheung, Po Ying Chia, Sean Wei Xiang Ong, Siew Wai Fong, Lisa F. P. Ng, Laurent Renia, David Chien Lye, Barnaby Edward Young, Tsin Wen Yeo
Summary: Teo et al. study found that neutrophil activity and endothelial glycocalyx damage increase with disease severity in COVID-19 patients, and persist despite clinical recovery.
COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE
(2023)