Article
Immunology
Micah Piske, Annie Q. Qiu, Evelyn J. Maan, Laura J. Sauve, John C. Forbes, Ariane Alimenti, Patricia A. Janssen, Deborah M. Money, Helene C. F. Cote
Summary: This study found that infants HIV-exposed but uninfected born in British Columbia were more likely to have preterm birth compared to demographically matched controls, with maternal substance use and smoking exposure increasing this risk, although antenatal exposure to antiretroviral therapy did not lead to preterm birth.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kagoue Simeni Luc-Aime, Yindom Louis-Marie, Loni Ekali Gabriel, Clauvis Kunkeng Yengo, F. Esemu Livo, Nguedia Jules Clement Assob
Summary: This study investigated the role of KIR gene variants in mother-to-child transmission of HIV in a cohort of infants born to HIV-infected mothers in Yaounde, Cameroon. The results showed differential effects of KIR genes on MTCT of HIV-1, with certain genes like KIR2DL1 and KIR2DL5 displaying significant differences in frequencies between exposed and unexposed infants. These findings suggest a potential link between KIR genes and the transmission of HIV from mother to child.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Zhengzheng Zhang, Kerina Duri, Kevin L. W. Duisters, Johannes C. Schoeman, Panashe Chandiwana, Peter Lindenburg, Julia Jaeger, Susanne Ziegler, Marcus Altfeld, Isabelle Kohler, Amy Harms, Felicity Z. Gumbo, Thomas Hankemeier, Madeleine J. Bunders
Summary: This study investigated immune-metabolic dysregulation in children born to women living with HIV. Through longitudinal analysis of immune-metabolomic profiles, it was found that HIV-exposed-uninfected children with long combinational antiretroviral therapy (cART) exposure had higher levels of methionine-sulfone, associated with oxidative stress, compared to HIV-unexposed children. Increased methionine-sulfone levels were associated with impaired infant growth. These findings highlight the importance of addressing immune-metabolic dysregulation in children born to women living with HIV.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Calixte Ida Penda, Magaly Moukoko Mbonjo, Joseph Fokam, Armando Blondel Djiyou Djeuda, Ngondi Grace, Francis Ateba Ndongo, Serge Bilong, Bertrand Eyoum Bille, Paul Koki Ndombo, Avelin Aghokeng, Alexis Ndjolo, Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the rates of virological failure (VF) and HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) among adolescents with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Cameroon. The study found that higher rates of VF were associated with suboptimal adherence, older age, living outside the city where they received ART, severe immunocompromise, and starting ART in infancy. The overall rate of HIVDR was high among participants who underwent genotyping resistance testing.
Article
Immunology
Aude Christelle Ka'e, Aubin Joseph Nanfack, Georgia Ambada, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Desire Takou, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue, Alex Durand Nka, Marie Laure Mpouel Bala, Orphelie Ndoh Endougou, Elise Elong, Grace Beloumou, Sandrine Djupsa, Davy Hyacinthe Gouissi, Nadine Fainguem, Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket, Samuel Martin Sosso, Daniel Kesseng, Francis Ateba Ndongo, Nelson Sonela, Arnaud Cedric Lacmago Kamta, Hyppolite K. Tchidjou, Therese Ndomgue, Suzie Tetang Moyo Ndiang, Anne Esther Njom Nlend, Celine Nguefeu Nkenfou, Carla Montesano, Gregory Edie Halle-Ekane, Giulia Cappelli, Caroline T. Tiemessen, Vittorio Colizzi, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Carlo-Federico Perno, Joseph Fokam
Summary: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the lifespan of people living with HIV, but their immune system remains in a state of sustained activation/inflammation. This study investigated the inflammatory profile of adolescents living with perinatal HIV-1 infection (ALPHI) receiving ART in an African context.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Patient Juste Mbebi Enone, Calixte Ida Penda, Grace Ngondi, Joseph Fokam, Serge Bruno Ebong, Jerson Mekoulou Ndongo, Estelle Geraldine Essangui Same, Louis Sides Ndjengue Nson, Samuel Honore Mandengue, Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko
Summary: This study investigated factors associated with virologic failure in HIV-infected children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Cameroon. The results showed that adolescents and patients followed in decentralized care units were at higher risk of virologic failure, highlighting the importance of therapeutic education in resource limited countries to improve viral load suppression.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert Luo, Youyi Fong, Debi Boeras, Ilesh Jani, Lara Vojnov
Summary: This study aimed to compare the clinical effect of point-of-care HIV testing versus laboratory-based testing in HIV-exposed infants. The results showed that point-of-care testing significantly shortened the time to result delivery, time to antiretroviral therapy initiation, and increased the proportion of HIV-positive infants starting antiretroviral therapy within 60 days compared with standard of care.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Babatunde Adelekan, Bidemi Harry-Erin, Martha Okposo, Ahmad Aliyu, Nicaise Ndembi, Patrick Dakum, Nadia A. Sam-Agudu
Summary: This study aimed to determine final outcomes and correlates among HIV-exposed infants in Nigeria, with a final HIV positivity rate of 2.8%. Continued focus on early access to prenatal care and maternal ART, as well as nationwide sensitization on infant feeding practices, is recommended.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Charles Kiyaga, Vijay Narayan, Ian McConnell, Peter Elyanu, Linda Nabitaka Kisaakye, Eleanor Joseph, Adeodata Kekitiinwa, Jeff Grosz
Summary: The study evaluated the impact and implementation of Uganda's HIV Early Infant Diagnosis program. It found that the program significantly improved testing and retention of HIV-exposed and infected infants, but there are still major challenges to overcome.
Article
Immunology
Sarah F. Benki-Nugent, Rabi Yunusa, Alice Mueni, Tony Laboso, Nancy Tamasha, Irene Njuguna, Lauren Gomez, Dalton C. Wamalwa, Kenneth Tapia, Elizabeth Maleche-Obimbo, Paul Bangirana, Michael J. Boivin, Grace C. John-Stewart
Summary: This study compared neurocognitive outcomes in school-aged children in Kenya who were HIV exposed uninfected (CHEU) with those who were HIV unexposed uninfected (CHUU). The results showed that children exposed to HIV had poorer long-term neurocognitive outcomes than those who were unexposed, highlighting the need for long-term studies in this population.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Marina Giuliano, Maria Franca Pirillo, Stefano Orlando, Richard Luhanga, Robert Mphwere, Thom Kavalo, Mauro Andreotti, Roberta Amici, Fausto Ciccacci, Maria Cristina Marazzi, Marco Floridia
Summary: In sub-Saharan Africa, most infants acquire Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection within the first year of life. Maternal long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been suggested to reduce CMV acquisition in HIV-exposed infants. However, this study found no difference in the prevalence of CMV viremia between HIV-exposed and -unexposed infants at 6 months of age, indicating that long-term ART may not be effective in reducing CMV infection.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gillian Dougherty, Tihnje Abena, Jean Pierre Abesselo, Jeane Ngala Banda, Tjek Paul Biyaga, Rodrigo Boccanera, Mary Adetinuke Boyd, Mesmey Ebogo, Leoda Hamomba, Suzanne Jed, Zeh Florence Kakanou, Prisca Kasonde, Siphiwe Chilungu Kasonka, Rachael Lungwebungu, Caitlin Madevu-Matson, Magdalene Mange Mayer, Mukuka Mwamba, Milembe Panya, Paul Sakanda, Fatima Tsiouris, Lauren Walker, Miriam Rabkin
Summary: The implementation of quality improvement collaboratives in Cameroon and Zambia led to improvements in both the coverage of timely EID and ART initiation, as well as the dissemination of successful initiatives within each country.
GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Pretty Rosereine Mbouyap, Joseph Fokam, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue, Leonella Mossiang, Desire Takou, Collins Ambe Chenwi, Alex Durand Nka, Beatrice Dambaya, Georges Teto, Grace Angong Beloumou, Sandrine Claire Djupsa Ndjeyep, Aude Christelle Ka'e, Charles Kouanfack, Alexis Ndjolo, Francois-Xavier Mbopi Keou
Summary: To evaluate the efficacy of third-line (3L) regimens in Cameroon, a cohort study was conducted among patients initiating a 3L antiretroviral therapy regimen. HIV genotypic resistance profiles were assessed and a good virological response was achieved in most patients, regardless of genotypic profile at recruitment or variations in 3L regimens.
Article
Substance Abuse
Kathryn E. Lancaster, Molly Remch, Anastase Dzudie, Rogers Ajeh, Adebola Adedimeji, Denis Nash, Kathryn Anastos, Marcel Yotebieng, Eric Walter Yone-Pefura, Denis Nsame, Angela Parcesepe
Summary: The study found a high prevalence of heavy episodic drinking (HED) among people with HIV (PWH) receiving care in Cameroon, with men and recent antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiators having the highest prevalence of HED. HIV disclosure may help reduce or abstain from HED through social support.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anastase Dzudie, Donald Hoover, Hae-Young Kim, Rogers Ajeh, Adebola Adedimeji, Qiuhu Shi, Walter Pefura Yone, Denis Nsame Nforniwe, Kinge Thompson Njie, Andre Pascal Kengne, Peter Vanes Ebasone, Blaise Barche, Zoung-Kany Bissek Anne Cecile, Denis Nash, Marcel Yotebieng, Kathryn Anastos
Summary: In Cameroon, around 25% of PLWH had hypertension, with age and obesity being main factors. PLWH starting ART had lower hypertension risk initially, but this advantage diminished after two years of treatment. Proper integration of HIV and NCD services is crucial for improving cardiovascular health in PLWH.
Article
Immunology
Sahera Dirajlal-Fargo, Paige L. Williams, Carly Broadwell, Elizabeth J. McFarland, Kathleen M. Powis, Denise L. Jacobson, Jennifer Jao
Summary: This study found that physical activity levels during adolescence were related to HIV infection status, with youth living with HIV showing significantly smaller increases in physical activity during adolescence compared to those who were not infected. Both groups of youth showed increases in physical activity levels as they aged, but had little correlation with vascular biomarkers.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jennifer Jao, Denise L. Jacobson, Jonathan S. Russell, Jiajia Wang, Wendy Yu, Greg S. Gojanovich, Sue Siminski, Laurie Hyzy, Mitchell E. Geffner, Mariana Gerschenson
Summary: This study examined the differences in mitochondrial function between youth living with perinatal HIV and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected youth. The results showed that youth with perinatal HIV had perturbed mitochondrial function and substrate utilization compared to uninfected youth, with increasing immunosuppression and viremia associated with mitochondrial dysfunction among those living with perinatal HIV.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Irina R. Cassimatis, Laurie D. Ayala, Emily S. Miller, Patricia M. Garcia, Jennifer Jao, Lynn M. Yee
Summary: Despite substantial reductions in perinatal transmission of HIV since the 1990s, achieving the elimination of perinatal transmission remains challenging. Early diagnosis and treatment of maternal HIV infection, along with third-trimester repeat testing, are key to reducing the risk of perinatal transmission.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
K. N. Mmasa, K. Powis, S. Sun, J. Makhema, M. Mmalane, S. Kgole, G. Masasa, S. Moyo, M. Gerschenson, T. Mohammed, J. Legbedze, E. J. Abrams, I. J. Kurland, M. E. Geffner, J. Jao
Summary: In Botswana, pregnant women living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy are not at increased risk of gestational diabetes compared to HIV-negative women. Among women living with HIV, those receiving DTG-based ART have a lower risk of gestational diabetes compared to those on EFV-based ART. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these findings.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jennifer Jao, Lauren C. Balmert, Shan Sun, Grace A. McComsey, Todd T. Brown, Phyllis C. Tien, Judith S. Currier, James H. Stein, Yunping Qiu, Derek LeRoith, Irwin J. Kurland
Summary: This study assessed the effects of untreated HIV infection and different antiretroviral therapies (ART) on the metabolome and lipidome. The results showed differences in metabolites and lipid subspecies between untreated HIV-infected individuals and HIV-negative individuals. There were also differences between different ART regimens, with raltegravir showing the best effect.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Stephanie Shiau, Wendy Yu, Denise L. Jacobson, Sharon Nichols, Elizabeth J. McFarland, Janet S. Chen, Sahera Dirajlal-Fargo, Karen Surowiec, Mitchell E. Geffner, Jennifer Jao
Summary: The study investigated the association of metabolic syndrome and its components with neurocognitive impairment in youth with perinatally acquired HIV or who are perinatally HIV-exposed uninfected. The results showed that components of MetS in YPHIV and YPHEU were associated with lower neurocognitive performance index scores, indicating the need to further study how modifying metabolic risk factors early in life may improve neurocognitive outcomes.
JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Michela Masi-Leone, Stephen Arpadi, Chloe Teasdale, Katharine A. Yuengling, Anthony Mutiti, Mary Mogashoa, Emilia D. Rivadeneira, Elaine J. Abrams, Jennifer Jao
Summary: This study found that higher viral load at ART initiation was associated with poorer growth and lipid outcomes over time for CLHIV under 3 years old. For those aged 3 and above, the increase in pretreatment viral load was linked to different patterns in growth indicators, highlighting the need for individualized interventions based on age groups.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Sana Mahtab, Jennifer Jao, Landon Myer, Nicole Phillips, Dan J. Stein, Heather J. Zar, Jacqueline Hoare
Summary: This study investigated the association of mental health with metabolic outcomes among youth living with perinatally acquired HIV (YLPHIV) and found that higher levels of anger and disruptive behavior were associated with increased lipid concentration in YLPHIV. This novel finding highlights the need for further longitudinal studies to evaluate the causal relationships between mental health and metabolic outcomes.
AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Wendy Yu, Denise L. Jacobson, Paige L. Williams, Kunjal Patel, Mitchell E. Geffner, Russell B. Van Dyke, Deborah Kacanek, Linda A. DiMeglio, Jennifer Jao
Summary: This study compared the long-term growth between HIV-exposed uninfected children born to women with perinatally acquired HIV and those born to women with nonperinatally acquired HIV. The results showed that children born to women with perinatally acquired HIV had slower growth rates and continued to have lower mean weight-for-age and weight-for-length/BMI-for-age scores through age 7, especially among non-Black male children.
Letter
Immunology
Lena J. Volpe, Kathleen M. Powis, Justine Legbedze, Shan Sun, Elaine J. Abrams, Nicholas K. Mmasa, Samuel Kgole, Gosego Masasa, Joseph Makhema, Mompati Mmalane, Jennifer Jao
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Greg S. Gojanovich, Denise L. Jacobson, Carly Broadwell, Brad Karalius, Brian Kirmse, Mitchell E. Geffner, Jennifer Jao, Russell B. Van Dyke, Elizabeth J. McFarland, Margarita Silio, Marilyn Crain, Mariana Gerschenson
Summary: This study assessed the relationship between FGF21 and GDF15 levels and mitochondrial disease (MD) in children with perinatally-acquired HIV infection. The results suggest that these biomarkers levels may be useful for screening CPHIV with mitochondrial dysfunction.
Letter
Developmental Biology
Andrew J. Copp, Nicholas D. E. Greene, Jennifer Jao, Rebecca Zash, Haneesha Mohan, Valeriya Dontsova, Lena Serghides
BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jennifer Jao, Shan Sun, Lauren B. Bonner, Justine Legbedze, Keolebogile N. Mmasa, Joseph Makhema, Mompati Mmalane, Samuel Kgole, Gosego Masasa, Sikhulile Moyo, Mariana Gerschenson, Terence Mohammed, Elaine J. Abrams, Irwin J. Kurland, Mitchell E. Geffner, Kathleen M. Powis
Summary: Newborns with perinatal HIV/ARV exposure have lower insulin sensitivity at birth and at 1 month of life, raising potential concern for obesity and other metabolic perturbations in the future.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Jennifer Jao, Lauren C. Balmert, Shan Sun, Yunping Qiu, Thomas A. Kraus, Brian Kirmse, Rhoda S. Sperling, Elaine J. Abrams, Landon Myer, Stephen Arpadi, Mitchell E. Geffner, Derek LeRoith, Irwin J. Kurland
Summary: The study found significantly higher levels of cord insulin and C-peptide in HEU newborns compared to HUU newborns. HEU newborns exhibited primarily positive associations between complex lipids and C-peptide, while HUU newborns showed negative associations. Differences in cord metabolites, metabolic-related cytokines, and eicosanoids between HEU and HUU newborns suggest a propensity for fuel storage and inflammatory milieu associated with in utero HIV/ART exposure.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Denise L. Jacobson, Daniela Neri, Audrey Gaskins, Lynn Yee, Armando J. Mendez, Kristy Hendricks, Suzanne Siminski, Rebecca Zash, Laurie Hyzy, Jennifer Jao
Summary: Women living with HIV have a higher prevalence of anemia during the third trimester of pregnancy, with anemia being associated with a higher risk of preterm births. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing underlying factors and clinical outcomes of anemia in this population.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
