Marital status: a gender-independent risk factor for poorer survival after radical cystectomy

OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of marital status (MS) on the rate of non-organ-confined disease (NOCD) at radical cystectomy (RC) To assess the effect of MS on the rate of bladder-cancer-specific mortality (BCSM) and all-cause mortality (ACM) after RC for urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCUB). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 14 859 patients, who underwent RC for UCUB, were captured within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, between 1988 and 2006. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the rate of NOCD (T3-4/NI-3/M-0) at RC and Cox regression analyses were used to assess BCSM and ACM. Analyses were stratified according to gender; covariates included socio-economic status, tumour stage, age, race, tumour grade and year of surgery. RESULTS Never-married males had a higher rate of NOCD at RC (odds ratio = 1.22, P = 0.004), an effect not found in never-married females. Separated, divorced or widowed (SDW) males (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.18, P = 0.005) and females (HR = 1.16, P = 0.002) had higher rates of BCSM than their married counterparts. SDW and never-married males had higher rates of ACM than their married counterparts (HR = 1.22, P < 0.001 and HR = 1.26, P < 0.001, respectively). SDW and never-married females also had higher rates of ACM than married females (HR = 1.24, P < 0.001 and HR = 1.22, P = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS For both men and women, being SDW conveyed an increased risk of BCSM after RC. SDW and never marrying had a deleterious effect on ACM. Unfavourable stage at RC was also seen more commonly in never-married males.