Journal
BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART C-EMBRYO TODAY-REVIEWS
Volume 90, Issue 2, Pages 118-132Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20179
Keywords
congenital scoliosis; teratogens; somitogenesis
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Funding
- Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
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Approximately 1 in 1000 live births is afflicted with an axial skeletal defect. Although many of the known human teratogens can produce axial skeletal defects, the etiology of over half of the observed defects is unknown. The high morbidity associated with these defects demands that we continue to elucidate the mechanisms of axial skeletal teratogens. Advances in cell and molecular biology with respect to normal development and somitogenesis and the pathogenesis and mechanisms of teratogenesis are occurring at a tremendous rate. This allows teratologists and developmental toxicologists the opportunity to revisit old problems with new tools to elucidate common mechanisms between various environmental insults and discover novel targets that aid in the understanding of normal and pathogenic development of the spine. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 90:118-132, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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