Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Henry F. Houskeeper, Isaac S. Rosenthal, Katherine C. Cavanaugh, Camille Pawlak, Laura Trouille, Jarrett E. K. Byrnes, Tom W. Bell, Kyle C. Cavanaugh
Summary: Giant kelp populations, which are essential for productive coastal ecosystems, are vulnerable to changing climate conditions and human impacts. This study presents two approaches for automating the detection of giant kelp using satellite imagery and applies them to the Falkland Islands. The results show no evidence of long-term change in giant kelp canopy area, but recent declines should be carefully monitored.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Julieta Pedrana, Antonella Gorosabel, Klemens Putz, Lucia Bernad
Summary: This study conducted the first assessment on the influence of environmental and anthropogenic-impact variables on ruddy-headed goose migration pathways. The findings identified high-risk areas where collision mortality is likely to occur and suggested proactive measures to mitigate future collisions.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
J. R. Malone, I. W. D. Dalziel, P. Stone, B. K. Horton
Summary: New research on Paleozoic clastic deposits of the Falkland/Malvinas Islands provides insights into the plate tectonic history, paleogeography, and basin evolution of this enigmatic region. The results suggest that the islands may have originated as part of the South American continent or as a separate microplate displaced from Africa.
Article
Ecology
Xenabeth A. Lazaro, Roy Mackenzie, Jaime E. Jimenez
Summary: Birds are potential vectors for the dispersal of bryophyte diaspores, with research showing that moss fragments can be found in the fecal samples of upland goose and white-bellied seedsnipe in sub-Antarctic Chile. Experimental findings suggest that these birds may play a role in bryophyte dispersal and colonization, highlighting the potential implications for habitat adaptation under climate change.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Paleontology
Thomas L. Newton, W. Roland Gehrels, Ralph M. Fyfe, Tim J. Daley
Summary: Proxy records of past sea-level change provide valuable information for extending sea-level histories into the pre-industrial period, especially in regions with limited sea-level data. The use of multi-proxy approaches, combining different micro-organisms, can improve the accuracy of sea-level reconstructions. In this study, surface foraminifera, testate amoebae, and diatoms from a salt marsh in East Falkland were utilized to reconstruct sea-level changes, with the combined multi-proxy regression model showing comparable reconstructive precision to the best single-proxy model.
MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Area Studies
Sebastian Carassai
Summary: This article analyzes Argentine songs about the Malvinas from 1941 to 1982, revealing long-standing ideas in the national imagination of sovereignty usurped and captive islands awaiting redemption. While most Argentines viewed the war over the Falkland Islands as an absurd adventure by a declining military dictatorship, the songs reflected an 'emotional community' around the Islands, offering insight into the evolving ideas about the territory and its recovery.
JOURNAL OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Fernando A. Faria, Leandro Bugoni, Guilherme T. Nunes, Nathan R. Senner, Marcio Repenning
Summary: Migratory strategies of Austral breeding species are poorly understood. In this study, satellite tracking data revealed that Rufous-chested Plovers migrate non-stop over the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean to breed in the sub-Antarctic Malvinas/Falkland Islands. These findings highlight the importance of gathering more information on this migratory route for conservation and management purposes.
Review
Archaeology
Atilio Francisco J. Zangrando, Luis A. Borrero
Summary: This article reviews the hypothesis of a prehistoric occupation of the Malvinas/Falkland Islands and discusses the strength of the evidence presented by different authors. After examining various potential indicators, the conclusion is drawn that the evidence for a pre-European human presence in the islands is still uncertain.
JOURNAL OF ISLAND & COASTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Katie J. Harrington, Jonathan Meiburg, Jennifer L. Houtz
Summary: The study found that Striated Caracaras extensively foraged for earthworms and beetle larvae on New Island in the Falkland Islands, indicating that invertebrates may be a more important winter resource than previously thought. Additionally, caracaras indirectly benefit from introduced grasses in the Falklands, highlighting the need for special consideration of this relationship in ecological restoration plans.
Article
Plant Sciences
John R. Spence
Summary: Eight new taxa of the moss family Bryaceae Rchb. have been newly recorded for the Falkland Islands based on collections made by R. S. Tangney from the National Museum of Wales. The Bryaceae flora of the archipelago now consists of 28 species, with the strongest affinities being with southern South America according to phytogeographic analyses.
CRYPTOGAMIE BRYOLOGIE
(2022)
Article
International Relations
Luciano Pezzano
Summary: The sovereignty dispute over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) is a colonial situation that needs to be resolved according to United Nations resolutions. The United Kingdom is obligated to settle the sovereignty dispute with Argentina through negotiations in order to end the colonial state.
OASIS-OBSERVATORIO DE ANALISIS DE LOS SISTEMAS INTERNACIONALES
(2023)
Article
Cultural Studies
Matthew C. Benwell, Alasdair Pinkerton
Summary: This paper examines how the memory of the Falklands/Malvinas War is invoked on the international diplomatic stage, focusing on specific diplomatic materials and performances produced by the Falkland Islands and Argentina governments. The analysis reveals that these diplomatic performances and materials are indicative of the (re)production of geopolitical relations and strategies, as well as the conscious foregrounding/backgrounding of past memories to achieve strategic and diplomatic objectives.
JOURNAL OF WAR & CULTURE STUDIES
(2022)
Article
Cultural Studies
Rosana Guber
Summary: This paper examines how artists create the past through analyzing the aeronautic works of art by Captain Exequiel Martinez and their influence on the Argentine Air Force and officers. It delves into the military worldview and explores how the painter and pilots turn defeat into historical evidence.
JOURNAL OF WAR & CULTURE STUDIES
(2022)
Article
History
Carolina Martinez, Martin L. E. Wasserman
Summary: This article investigates the role of the Malvinas/Falkland Islands in the reconfiguration of Hispanic American space since 1767. It articulates three variables of analysis: the geopolitical importance of the islands globally, their position in the redefinition of the Spanish monarchy's imperial frontier, and the involvement of economic actors from Rio de la Plata in colonizing the archipelago. By using political, cartographical and fiscal sources, the study shows that establishing borders, crucial for the Monarchy, relied on a synergy of interests with local financial oligarchies.
Article
Literature
Andrea Roxana Bellot
Summary: The remembrance of war and commemoration practices have a significant impact on the collective memories of society, enhancing group cohesion and shaping collective identity. War memorials are an expression of patriotism, framing deaths in a national narrative of glorious sacrifice for the cause and nation.
METACRITIC JOURNAL FOR COMPARATIVE STUDIES AND THEORY
(2021)
Article
Entomology
A. Felden, J. W. Baty, M. Bulgarella, R. L. Brown, J. Dobelmann, M. A. M. Gruber, O. Quinn, P. J. Lester
Article
Entomology
J. Eloff, R. Veldtman, M. Bulgarella, P. J. Lester
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Philip J. Lester, Mariana Bulgarella, James W. Baty, Peter K. Dearden, Joseph Guhlin, John M. Kean
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Jennifer A. H. Koop, Charlotte E. Causton, Mariana Bulgarella, Elizabeth Cooper, George E. Heimpel
Summary: Invasive species pose a major threat to biodiversity, especially endemic species on islands. The introduction of the avian parasitic fly, Philornis downsi, in the Galapagos Islands has negatively impacted the survival of endemic bird species. Genetic analyses showed little differentiation between island and mainland populations of P. downsi, indicating high population connectivity. Further research is needed to fully understand the gene flow among island populations and to improve management efforts to control the impact of this parasite.
CONSERVATION GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Philip J. Lester, Mariana Bulgarella
Summary: The study investigated the latitudinal variation in monarch butterfly parasitism and wing deformities in New Zealand, revealing opposite latitudinal trends for parasite prevalence and wing deformities. The findings suggest that cold temperatures may independently affect parasite and butterfly development, with lower temperatures leading to wing deformities in butterflies. Environmental factors seem to influence insect populations through different pathways, with the prevalence of parasite infections impacting butterfly fitness in warmer regions and cold conditions causing fitness costs such as deformed wings at higher latitudes. Monarch butterflies may perform better in regions with optimal temperature conditions for both the butterflies and parasites.
ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Emily J. Remnant, James W. Baty, Mariana Bulgarella, Jana Dobelmann, Oliver Quinn, Monica A. M. Gruber, Philip J. Lester
Summary: This study characterized 68 novel and 9 previously identified virus sequences in Vespula vulgaris colonies sampled from Belgium and New Zealand. Many of the viruses identified were from the Picorna-like virus family. A highly prevalent and persistent virus, Vespula vulgaris Luteo-like virus 1, was found in all life stages of wasps from both locations. Additionally, a novel Iflavirus similar to a known pathogen, Moku virus, was identified, and experimental infection of honey bees with a novel Vespula vulgaris Moku-like virus resulted in active infection. The high viral diversity in invasive wasps suggests their polyphagous diet is a rich source of viral infections.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mariana Bulgarella, M. Piedad Lincango, Paola F. Lahuatte, Jonathan D. Oliver, Andrea Cahuana, Ismael E. Ramirez, Roxanne Sage, Alyssa J. Colwitz, Deborah A. Freund, James R. Miksanek, Roger D. Moon, Charlotte E. Causton, George E. Heimpel
Summary: Research found that the bird-parasitic fly Philornis downsi can survive during dry periods when host availability is limited and some reproduction still occurs. This phenomenon is significant for understanding the mechanisms of the fly's invasion of the Galapagos Islands and for conservation efforts.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Entomology
Michela C. Batista, George E. Heimpel, Mariana Bulgarella, Madelaine Venzon
Summary: This study compared the performance of larvae of the green lacewing Chrysoperla rufilabris when offered 16 species of aphids. The findings showed that only seven species of aphids supported complete development and egg production for the lacewing larvae. The best performance was achieved when feeding on aphid species including the soybean aphid and the milkweed-feeding species. Despite being considered a generalist aphid predator, there were indications of specialization in the diet breadth of Chrysoperla rufilabris.
BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Philip J. Lester, Antoine Felden, James W. Baty, Mariana Bulgarella, John Haywood, Ashley N. Mortensen, Emily J. Remnant, Zoe E. Smeele
Summary: This study confirms the introduction of only one haplotype of Varroa destructor mite in New Zealand, and describes the viral communities in both the mites and the honey bees they parasitize. The most prevalent and abundant virus in bees is the Deformed wing virus A (DWV-A) strain, while VDV-2, Black queen cell virus, and Sacbrood virus play secondary roles. There is higher variation in viral loads in bees compared to mites, with DWV-A and VDV-2 being the dominant viruses in the mites.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lara D. Shepherd, Colin M. Miskelly, Mariana Bulgarella, Alan J. D. Tennyson
Summary: Using genetic sequencing methods, this study examined the relationships between fairy prions and fulmar prions. The researchers found that neither species was a distinct group, and at least three species were identified. Additionally, they discovered genetically distinct lineages with morphological differences occurring in close proximity at two locations. Factors such as breeding behavior and habitat characteristics may have contributed to the diversification within the prion complex. The observed genetic variation suggests a population expansion from ice-free areas during the Last Glacial Maximum.
Article
Entomology
Aiden Reason, Mariana Bulgarella, Philip J. Lester
Summary: The invasive Asian paper wasp, Polistes chinensis, poses a threat to native invertebrate communities in New Zealand and South-East Australia. In a field study in New Zealand, researchers discovered that this species was infected with two pathogenic fungi, Beauveria malawiensis and Ophiocordyceps humbertii. These fungi were found to infect approximately 3.3% of the studied wasp population and significantly increase their mortality rates. This is the first record of these fungi infecting paper wasps in New Zealand and may contribute to the development of biological control agents for paper wasps worldwide.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mariana J. Bulgarella, James Baty, Rose McGruddy, Philip Lester
Summary: Invasive paper wasps, such as Polistes dominula, pose a problem for biodiversity. This study aimed to determine gene targets for gene silencing or RNA interference (RNAi) on adult paper wasps. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) was used to target genes proven lethal in other insects. However, the results showed that dsRNA and RNAi approaches may not be effective for controlling paper wasp populations.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Mariana Bulgarella, Alejandro E. Mieles, Jacqueline Rodriguez, Yesenia Campana, Georgia M. Richardson, Robert A. Keyzers, Charlotte E. Causton, Philip J. Lester
Summary: The yellow paper wasp, an invasive insect species in the Galapagos Islands, is a voracious predator of insect larvae and causes nuisance to humans. Current methods of wasp suppression are inefficient, and the development of species-specific attractants is needed. This study investigated the behavioral responses of male and female wasps to extracts from different body segments, and identified potential attractants for yellow paper wasps.
NEOTROPICAL BIODIVERSITY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Gabriel A. Brito Vera, Jaime A. Salas, George E. Heimpel, Mariana Bulgarella
Summary: In this study, we document the nest structure of Marmosa simonsi and Rhipidomys latinamus, two non-volant mammals, inside artificial nest boxes in a dry forest ecosystem in Western Ecuador for the first time. The nests are categorized into rearing nests, permanent resting nests, and transient refuges based on their intended use. Artificial nest boxes prove to be an optimal place for pup rearing and resting for small mammals, and they are valuable tools for ecological studies of elusive and poorly-known mammalian species.
NEOTROPICAL BIODIVERSITY
(2022)
Article
Ornithology
Lara D. Shepherd, Mariana Bulgarella, Oliver Haddrath, Colin M. Miskelly